EFFECTS OF MULBERRY AND CORNELIAN CHERRY EXTRACTS ON EPILEPTIFORM ACTIVITY INDUCED BY PENICILLINABSTRACTObjective: It was aimed to evaluate effects of mulberry and cornelian cherry extracts on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity.Material and method: Sixty-six male Wistar-Albino rats were used in the study. To assess effects of mulberry and cornelian cherry extracts, the rats were assigned into groups as follows: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (sham) and Group 3 (penicillin). Subjects were anesthetized by using urethane; and they were placed to stereotactic device after craniotomy. Electrocorticograph recordings were performed. Epileptiform activity was induced by using penicillin model and stabile amplitude and spike frequency was obtained. Then, penicillin plus mulberry extract (2,5 ? 5 -10 - 20 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally given to groups 4, 5, 6, 7 whereas penicillin plus cornelian cherry extract (2,5 - 5- 10 - 20 mg/kg) to groups 8, 9, 10, 11, respectively. The effective dose that decreased amplitudes and spike frequencies of convulsions was determined. Blood samples were drawn at the effective dose. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by malonyldialdehyde, whereas oxidant stress by nitric oxide, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Findings: In the epileptiform activity induced by penicillin, 10 mg/kg was detected as effective dose for both mulberry and cornelian cherry extract. While no significant difference was detected between groups in amplitude studies, it was found that spike frequency of epileptiform activity was decreased by both substances. In the erythrocyte studies, no significant difference was detected regarding xanthine oxidase (p=0.087), catalase (p=0.134) and superoxide dismutase (p=0.835) among groups, while there was a significant difference regarding nitric oxide in control-sham (p=0.01) as well as control-penicillin (p=0.008) groups. There was also a significant difference regarding malonyldialdehyde in sham-control (p<0.001), penicillin-control (p<0.001), penicillin-sham (p<0.001), penicillin-cornelian cherry (p<0.001), penicillin-mulberry (p<0.001) and mulberry-cornelian cherry (p<0.001) groups. In the plasma, no significant difference was detected regarding catalase (p=0.115), superoxide dismutase (p=0.37) and nitric oxide (p=0.066) among groups. There was a significant difference groups regarding xanthine oxidase in penicillin-cornelian cherry (p=0.008) and penicillin-mulberry (p=0.02) groups. There was also a significant difference regarding malonyldialdehyde in penicillin-cornelian cherry (p<0.001) and mulberry-cornelian cherry (p<0.001) groups. Conclusions: It was found that mulberry and cornelian cherry extracts decreased the frequency of epileptiform activity as well as malonyldialdehyde level in both erythrocytes and plasma. It was detected that nitric oxide was also reduced by stress and epileptic activity in erythrocytes but didn?t elevated by administration of mulberry and cornelian cherry extracts. Keywords: Epilepsy, Experimental epilepsy models, Mulberry, Cornelian cherry, Antioxidant.

DUT VE KIZILCIK EKSTRELERİNİN PENİSİLİN İLE UYARILAN EPİLEPTİFORM AKTİVİTEYE ETKİSİÖZETAmaç: Kızılcık ve dut özütünün penisilinle uyarılan epileptiform aktivite üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve metod: Çalışmada 66 adet albino erkek Wistar sıçan kullanıldı. Kızılcık ve dut özütünün etkisini değerlendirmek için Grup 1 kontrol, Grup 2 sham, Grup 3 penisilin grubu olarak belirlendi. Denekler üretan ile anesteziye alınarak kraniyotomi yapılıp stereotaksik cihaza yerleştirildi. Elektrokortikogram ile kayıt alındı. Deneklerde penisilin modeliyle epileptiform aktivite oluşturulup kararlı bir düzeyde amplitüd ve spike frekans elde edildikten sonra Grup (4-5-6-7) sırasıyla penisilin + (2,5-5-10-20) mg/kg dut özütü, Grup (8-9-10-11) sırasıyla penisilin + (2,5-5-10-20) mg/kg kızılcık özütü intraperitoneal olarak verildi. Konvülsiyonların amplitüdlerinde ve spike frekanslarında azalma oluşturan etkin doz belirlendi. Etkin dozda kan örnekleri alındı. Lipid peroksidasyonu Malondialdehit ile; oksidan stres Nitrik oksit, Ksantin Oksidaz, Süperoksit dismutaz ve Katalaz ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Penisilin ile oluşturulan epileptiform aktivitede hem kızılcık hem de dut için 10 mg/kg etkin doz olarak tespit edildi. Amplitüd çalışmalarında gruplar arasında fark bulunmazken epileptiform aktivitenin spike frekansını her iki maddenin de azalttığı tespit edildi.Eritrosit çalışmalarında; Ksantin oksidaz (p=0.087), Katalaz (p=0.134), Süperoksit dismutaz(p=0.835) için fark saptanılmazken Nitrik oksit açısından kontrol-sham (p=0.01), kontrol-penisilin (p=0.008) grupları arasında fark vardı. Malondialdehit açısından sham-kontrol (p<0.001), penisilin-kontrol (p<0.001), penisilin-sham (p<0.001), penisilin-kızılcık (p<0.001), penisilin-dut (p<0.001), dut-kızılcık (p<0.001)grupları arasında anlamlı fark vardı. Plazmada Katalaz (p=0.115), Süperoksit dismutaz (p=0.37), Nitrik oksit (p=0.066) açısından fark saptanılmadı. Ksantin oksidaz açısından penisilin-kızılcık (p=0.008), penisilin-dut (p=0.02) gruplarında fark vardı. Malondialdehit açısından penisilin-kızılcık (p<0.001), dut-kızılcık (p<0.001) grupları arasında fark vardı.Sonuç: Kızılcık ve dut özütünün, epileptiform aktivitenin frekansı ile Malondialdehit düzeyini hem eritrositlerde hem de plazmada azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Nitrik oksitin de stres ve epileptik aktivite ile eritrositlerde azaldığı ancak dut ve kızılcık uygulanması ile tekrar yükselmediği saptanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Epilepsi, Deneysel epilepsi modelleri, Dut, Kızılcık, Antioksidan.