The Relationship Between Natural Disasters and Human Behaviors in the Context of Said Nursi's Earthquake Treatise

Fatih Çelikel

Makale detayları

The Relationship Between Natural Disasters and Human Behaviors in the Context of Said Nursi's Earthquake Treatise

Yazarlar:

Fatih Çelikel

Yayıncı:

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

ULUM Vol.6 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.117-155

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302903

pISSN:

2645-9132

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Natural disasters are destructive natural events that human beings encounter from time to time. Earthquake is one of them. Said Nursi, one of the late Ottoman scholars, answers questions about the Erzincan and Izmir earthquakes that took place during his time in his treatise titled The Fourteenth Word. While some of these questions are about the earthquakes that occurred at that time, some of them are questions that may come to a persons mind in all natural disasters. The framework that Nursi put forward in the relevant treatise is very important in terms of determining the place of natural disasters in the context of both the relationship between natural disasters and human behaviors and the problem of evil. With his answers to the questions posed to him, Nursi argues that some natural disasters are related to human behaviors. According to him, the cause of the Erzincan and Izmir earthquakes that occurred in the relevant period were the common sins committed during Ramadan. With this interpretation, he argues that natural disasters are not independent of human behaviors. In the other question posed to him, Nursi examines the relationship between the situation of innocents who are harmed by natural disasters because they are seen as a disaster and the infinite mercy of Allah. According to him, the goods lost in the earthquake are considered alms, and those who lost their lives are considered martyrs, so there is no situation contrary to Gods mercy here. Recently, the view that the statement that natural disasters can be divine punishment is not Qurān and that earthquakes cannot be described as divine punishment has been expressed more strongly. Proponents of this discourse refer to their views with some verses from the Qurān. One of these verses has the meaning that Allah does not punish people for the sins they commit on earth. Accordingly, seeing natural disasters as divine punishment is an approach that contradicts the concept of the verse in question. Another reason put forward on this issue is that natural disasters are mentioned in the Qurān in the context of destroyed unbelieving tribes. Since there is no such mass destruction targeting unbelievers in our age, it is not correct to evaluate todays natural disasters in this context and claim that these are punishments for crimes committed. When natural disasters are examined from the perspective of the Qurān, it is understood that Allah creates these events for various purposes. These are the universal punishment of unbelieving tribes, the testing of people, and the return of people from the wrong path to the right path. This article, within the general framework above, aims to analyze Nursis answers in the relevant treatise in terms of the Qurān and Sunnah and to examine them in terms of the basis of the discourse that natural disasters cannot be divine punishment. In this study, which basically aims to examine two issues, the analysis, and criticism method is used and the subject is tried to be examined from a holistic perspective.

 Natural disasters are destructive natural events that human beings encounter from time to time. Earthquake is one of them. Said Nursi, one of the late Ottoman scholars, answers questions about the Erzincan and Izmir earthquakes that took place during his time in his treatise titled The Fourteenth Word. While some of these questions are about the earthquakes that occurred at that time, some of them are questions that may come to a persons mind in all natural disasters. The framework that Nursi put forward in the relevant treatise is very important in terms of determining the place of natural disasters in the context of both the relationship between natural disasters and human behaviors and the problem of evil. With his answers to the questions posed to him, Nursi argues that some natural disasters are related to human behaviors. According to him, the cause of the Erzincan and Izmir earthquakes that occurred in the relevant period were the common sins committed during Ramadan. With this interpretation, he argues that natural disasters are not independent of human behaviors. In the other question posed to him, Nursi examines the relationship between the situation of innocents who are harmed by natural disasters because they are seen as a disaster and the infinite mercy of Allah. According to him, the goods lost in the earthquake are considered alms, and those who lost their lives are considered martyrs, so there is no situation contrary to Gods mercy here. Recently, the view that the statement that natural disasters can be divine punishment is not Qurān and that earthquakes cannot be described as divine punishment has been expressed more strongly. Proponents of this discourse refer to their views with some verses from the Qurān. One of these verses has the meaning that Allah does not punish people for the sins they commit on earth. Accordingly, seeing natural disasters as divine punishment is an approach that contradicts the concept of the verse in question. Another reason put forward on this issue is that natural disasters are mentioned in the Qurān in the context of destroyed unbelieving tribes. Since there is no such mass destruction targeting unbelievers in our age, it is not correct to evaluate todays natural disasters in this context and claim that these are punishments for crimes committed. When natural disasters are examined from the perspective of the Qurān, it is understood that Allah creates these events for various purposes. These are the universal punishment of unbelieving tribes, the testing of people, and the return of people from the wrong path to the right path. This article, within the general framework above, aims to analyze Nursis answers in the relevant treatise in terms of the Qurān and Sunnah and to examine them in terms of the basis of the discourse that natural disasters cannot be divine punishment. In this study, which basically aims to examine two issues, the analysis, and criticism method is used and the subject is tried to be examined from a holistic perspective.

 Natural disasters are destructive natural events that human beings encounter from time to time. Earthquake is one of them. Said Nursi, one of the late Ottoman scholars, answers questions about the Erzincan and Izmir earthquakes that took place during his time in his treatise titled The Fourteenth Word. While some of these questions are about the earthquakes that occurred at that time, some of them are questions that may come to a persons mind in all natural disasters. The framework that Nursi put forward in the relevant treatise is very important in terms of determining the place of natural disasters in the context of both the relationship between natural disasters and human behaviors and the problem of evil. With his answers to the questions posed to him, Nursi argues that some natural disasters are related to human behaviors. According to him, the cause of the Erzincan and Izmir earthquakes that occurred in the relevant period were the common sins committed during Ramadan. With this interpretation, he argues that natural disasters are not independent of human behaviors. In the other question posed to him, Nursi examines the relationship between the situation of innocents who are harmed by natural disasters because they are seen as a disaster and the infinite mercy of Allah. According to him, the goods lost in the earthquake are considered alms, and those who lost their lives are considered martyrs, so there is no situation contrary to Gods mercy here. Recently, the view that the statement that natural disasters can be divine punishment is not Qurān and that earthquakes cannot be described as divine punishment has been expressed more strongly. Proponents of this discourse refer to their views with some verses from the Qurān. One of these verses has the meaning that Allah does not punish people for the sins they commit on earth. Accordingly, seeing natural disasters as divine punishment is an approach that contradicts the concept of the verse in question. Another reason put forward on this issue is that natural disasters are mentioned in the Qurān in the context of destroyed unbelieving tribes. Since there is no such mass destruction targeting unbelievers in our age, it is not correct to evaluate todays natural disasters in this context and claim that these are punishments for crimes committed. When natural disasters are examined from the perspective of the Qurān, it is understood that Allah creates these events for various purposes. These are the universal punishment of unbelieving tribes, the testing of people, and the return of people from the wrong path to the right path. This article, within the general framework above, aims to analyze Nursis answers in the relevant treatise in terms of the Qurān and Sunnah and to examine them in terms of the basis of the discourse that natural disasters cannot be divine punishment. In this study, which basically aims to examine two issues, the analysis, and criticism method is used and the subject is tried to be examined from a holistic perspective.

 Doğal afetler insanoğlunun zaman zaman karşılaştığı tahrip edici tabîi olaylardır. Deprem de bunlardan biridir. Osmanlının son dönem âlimlerinden olan Said Nursî On Dördüncü Söz isimli risâlesinde yaşadığı dönemde gerçekleşen Erzincan ve İzmir depremleriyle ilgili soruları cevaplandırmaktadır. Bu soruların bazısı o dönemde yaşanan söz konusu depremler hakkındayken bazısı tüm doğal afetlerde kişinin zihnine gelebilecek türden sorulardır. Nursînin ilgili risâlede ortaya koyduğu çerçeve gerek doğal afetlerin insan davranışlarıyla ilişkisi gerekse kötülük problemi bağlamında doğal afetlerin yerini tayin etme açısından oldukça önemlidir. Nursî kendisine yöneltilen sorulara vermiş olduğu cevaplarla bazı tabîi afetlerin insan davranışlarıyla ilişkili olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Ona göre ilgili dönemde yaşanan Erzincan ve İzmir depremlerinin sebebi Ramazan ayında işlenilen ve umumiyet kesbeden günahlardır. O, bu yorumuyla doğal afetlerin insan davranışlarından bağımsız olmadığını ileri sürmektedir. Nursî kendisine yöneltilen diğer soruda birer musibet olarak görülmeleri sebebiyle doğal afetlerden zarar gören masumların durumu ile Allahın sonsuz rahmeti arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Onun nazarında depremde kaybedilen mallar sadaka, hayatını kaybedenler ise şehit hükmündedir, dolayısıyla burada Allahın merhametine aykırı bir durum söz konusu değildir. Son dönemlerde doğal afetlerin ilâhî ceza olabileceği söyleminin Kurânî olmadığı, depremlerin ilâhî ceza olarak nitelenemeyeceği görüşü daha güçlü şekilde dillendirilmektedir. Bu söylemin savunucuları görüşlerini bazı Kurân âyetleriyle refere etmektedir. Bu âyetlerden biri zâhiren Cenâb-ı Hakkın yeryüzünde işlediği günahlar sebebiyle insanı cezalandırmadığı şeklinde bir anlama sahiptir. Buna göre doğal afetleri ilâhî ceza olarak görmek söz konusu âyetin mefhumuna aykırı bir yaklaşımdır. Bu konuda öne sürülen bir diğer gerekçe ise Kurânda doğal afetlerin helâk edilen inkârcı kavimler bağlamında zikredilmesidir. Çağımızda tamamen inkârcıları hedef alan böylesi toplu bir helâk söz konusu olmadığı için günümüzde yaşanan doğal afetleri bu kapsamda değerlendirmek ve bunların işlenilen suçların cezası olduğunu ileri sürmek doğru değildir. Doğal afetler Kurân penceresinden incelendiğinde Allahın bu hadiseleri çeşitli amaçlara yönelik olarak yarattığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bunlar, inkârcı kavimlerin küllî bir şekilde cezalandırılması, insanların imtihan edilmesi ve yanlış yolda giden insanların doğru yola döndürülmesi şeklindedir. Bu makalede yukarıdaki genel çerçeve içerisinde Nursînin ilgili risaledeki cevaplarının Kurân ve sünnet açısından tahlili ve doğal afetlerin ilâhî ceza olamayacağı söyleminin dayanakları açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Temelde iki konuyu incelemeyi hedef alan bu çalışmada tahlil ve tenkit yöntemi kullanılmakta ve konu bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla incelenmeye çalışılmaktadır.

Makale detayları

The Relationship Between Natural Disasters and Human Behaviors in the Context of Said Nursi's Earthquake Treatise

Yazarlar:

Fatih Çelikel

Yayıncı:

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

ULUM Vol.6 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.117-155

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302903

pISSN:

2645-9132

Tafsir

Qur'ân

Natural Disaster

Said Nursi

Earthquake TreatiseTefsir

Kur'ân

Doğal Afet

Said Nursî

Zelzele Risâlesi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Fatih Çelikel

Yayıncı: Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar: Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)

Dergi: ULUM Vol.6 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.117-155

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001302903

pISSN: 2645-9132

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fatih Çelikel

Yayıncı:

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

ULUM Vol.6 Issue Özel Sayı, pp.117-155

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302903

pISSN:

2645-9132