The Health Institutions in Iskenderun in the Second Half of the 19th Century and the Beginning of the 20th Century

Servet Özkan

Makale detayları

The Health Institutions in Iskenderun in the Second Half of the 19th Century and the Beginning of the 20th Century

Yazarlar:

Servet Özkan

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.587-615

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311685

pISSN:

2148-3582

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Since the establishment of the Ottoman Empire, Darüşşifas, which are the most important structures in the field of health, have been replaced by the modern hospitals by the 19th century. During this period, health institutions called by different names were built. The quarantines established in port cities against epidemic diseases have also attracted attention. Commercial activities and population increased with the drying of the marshes in Iskenderun, as one of the these cities, which began to develop in the 19th century. The buildings providing health services in the city are two quarantine buildings, a military hospital, a Gureba hospital and a French hospital. All of the structures are located close to the sea and at the point where they can be intervened during quarantine periods. Of these institutions, only the French-era hospital has survived to the present day. The existing sketches of the hospital, which were examined on-site and documented with photographs, have been redrawn digitally. In addition, the French inscription belonging to the identified structure was documented with photographs and translated. The Ottoman archives and Yıldız archives were searched for documents and images related to other structures, and the necessary documents were purchased. From the architectural point of view, it has been seen that the quarantines are wooden, small-scale and capable of responding to instant intervention. Data on the architecture of the military hospital, which is larger than the quarantines, has not been found. Gureba and French hospitals provided adequate health services for Iskenderun and reflected the artistic taste of the period with their Neoclassical styles. This study aims to examine the health institutions in Iskenderun in detail with archival data, historical images and on-site determinations, compare them with similar examples and introduce them to the scientific community.

 Since the establishment of the Ottoman Empire, Darüşşifas, which are the most important structures in the field of health, have been replaced by the modern hospitals by the 19th century. During this period, health institutions called by different names were built. The quarantines established in port cities against epidemic diseases have also attracted attention. Commercial activities and population increased with the drying of the marshes in Iskenderun, as one of the these cities, which began to develop in the 19th century. The buildings providing health services in the city are two quarantine buildings, a military hospital, a Gureba hospital and a French hospital. All of the structures are located close to the sea and at the point where they can be intervened during quarantine periods. Of these institutions, only the French-era hospital has survived to the present day. The existing sketches of the hospital, which were examined on-site and documented with photographs, have been redrawn digitally. In addition, the French inscription belonging to the identified structure was documented with photographs and translated. The Ottoman archives and Yıldız archives were searched for documents and images related to other structures, and the necessary documents were purchased. From the architectural point of view, it has been seen that the quarantines are wooden, small-scale and capable of responding to instant intervention. Data on the architecture of the military hospital, which is larger than the quarantines, has not been found. Gureba and French hospitals provided adequate health services for Iskenderun and reflected the artistic taste of the period with their Neoclassical styles. This study aims to examine the health institutions in Iskenderun in detail with archival data, historical images and on-site determinations, compare them with similar examples and introduce them to the scientific community.

 Since the establishment of the Ottoman Empire, Darüşşifas, which are the most important structures in the field of health, have been replaced by the modern hospitals by the 19th century. During this period, health institutions called by different names were built. The quarantines established in port cities against epidemic diseases have also attracted attention. Commercial activities and population increased with the drying of the marshes in Iskenderun, as one of the these cities, which began to develop in the 19th century. The buildings providing health services in the city are two quarantine buildings, a military hospital, a Gureba hospital and a French hospital. All of the structures are located close to the sea and at the point where they can be intervened during quarantine periods. Of these institutions, only the French-era hospital has survived to the present day. The existing sketches of the hospital, which were examined on-site and documented with photographs, have been redrawn digitally. In addition, the French inscription belonging to the identified structure was documented with photographs and translated. The Ottoman archives and Yıldız archives were searched for documents and images related to other structures, and the necessary documents were purchased. From the architectural point of view, it has been seen that the quarantines are wooden, small-scale and capable of responding to instant intervention. Data on the architecture of the military hospital, which is larger than the quarantines, has not been found. Gureba and French hospitals provided adequate health services for Iskenderun and reflected the artistic taste of the period with their Neoclassical styles. This study aims to examine the health institutions in Iskenderun in detail with archival data, historical images and on-site determinations, compare them with similar examples and introduce them to the scientific community.

 Osmanlının kuruluşundan itibaren sağlık alanındaki en önemli yapılar olan Darüşşifaların yerini 19. yüzyılda modern hastaneler almıştır. Bu dönemde farklı adlarla anılan sağlık kuruluşları inşa edilmiştir. Salgın hastalıklara karşı liman kentlerinde kurulan karantinahaneler de dikkat çekmiştir. Bu kentlerden biri olan ve 19. yüzyılda gelişmeye başlayan İskenderunda bataklıkların kurutulmaya başlanması ile ticari faaliyetler ve nüfus artmıştır. Kentte sağlık hizmeti sunan yapılar iki karantina binası, askerî hastane, Gureba hastanesi ve Fransız hastanesidir. Yapıların hepsi deniz kenarına yakın ve karantina dönemlerinde müdahale edilebilecek noktada konumlanmıştır. Bu kurumlardan günümüze sadece Fransız dönemi hastanesi ulaşmıştır. Yerinde incelenen ve fotoğraflarla belgelenen hastaneye ait mevcut krokiler dijital ortamda yeniden çizilmiştir. Ayrıca tespit edilen yapıya ait Fransızca kitabe de fotoğraflarla belgelenmiş ve çevirisi yapılmıştır. Diğer yapılarla ilgili belge ve görseller için Osmanlı arşivleri ve Yıldız arşivleri araştırılmış, gerekli dokümanlar satın alınmıştır. Mimari açıdan karantinahanelerin ahşap, küçük ölçekli ve anlık müdahaleye cevap verecek nitelikte olduğu görülmüştür. Karantinahanelere göre daha büyük olan askerî hastanenin mimarisi hakkında veri bulunamamıştır. Gureba ve Fransız hastaneleri ise İskenderun için yeterli sağlık hizmetini sunmuş ve Neoklasik tarzları ile dönemin sanat zevkini yansıtmıştır. Bu çalışmada arşiv verileri, tarihî görseller ve yerinde tespitler ile İskenderundaki sağlık kurumlarının ayrıntılı olarak incelenmesi, benzer örneklerle mukayese edilmesi ve bilim camiasına tanıtılması hedeflenmiştir.

Makale detayları

The Health Institutions in Iskenderun in the Second Half of the 19th Century and the Beginning of the 20th Century

Yazarlar:

Servet Özkan

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.587-615

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311685

pISSN:

2148-3582

İskenderun

Hospital

Quarantine

Health

19th Centuryİskenderun

Hastane

Karantina

Sağlık

19. yüzyıl

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Servet Özkan

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Sanat Tarihi

Dergi: Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.587-615

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001311685

pISSN: 2148-3582

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Servet Özkan

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.587-615

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311685

pISSN:

2148-3582