Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case

Hüseyin Taşlı

Makale detayları

Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Taşlı

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sosyoloji (Diğer)

Dergi:

İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi Vol.44 Issue 2, pp.609-630

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001340886

pISSN:

2667-6931

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 One of the structural causes of homelessness is natural disasters. As a result of such events, some individuals who had housing prior to the disaster become homeless, while places like parks and streets, where the chronically homeless often reside, are also damaged along with the city as a whole. Although a limited number of studies on post-disaster homelessness exist in the international literature, no research has been conducted on this phenomenon in Türkiye. The earthquakes of February 6, 2023, affected eleven cities, leaving many people homeless after their houses were destroyed or severely, moderately, or lightly damaged. Most of the homeless earthquake victims were initially placed in tent cities and later in container cities. These container cities provided temporary shelter for earthquake victims, effectively postponing the onset of homelessness. However, in Malatyaone of the cities affected by the earthquakea group of homeless individuals emerged who were unable to settle in container city areas. This was due to issues such as problems stemming from private property ownership, houses rented without formal contracts, disruptions caused by public institutions, low incomes, and rising rents. As a result, these individuals sought refuge in a tent that provided collective shelter. During this process, many earthquake victims who had initially sheltered in this tent left as they found alternative housing. However, those who lacked such opportunities and continued to stay in the tent became examples of post-earthquake homelessness. As part of this qualitative research, interviews were conducted with two distinct groups: six temporarily homeless individuals who became homeless after the earthquake and four chronically homeless individuals who had already been homeless before the disaster. The data obtained from these two groups were compared and analyzed, revealing significant differences between the chronic and temporary homeless in terms of reasons for homelessness, gender, income, education, criminal record, addiction, level of personal care, work tendencies, services needed, social relationships, and discourse.

 One of the structural causes of homelessness is natural disasters. As a result of such events, some individuals who had housing prior to the disaster become homeless, while places like parks and streets, where the chronically homeless often reside, are also damaged along with the city as a whole. Although a limited number of studies on post-disaster homelessness exist in the international literature, no research has been conducted on this phenomenon in Türkiye. The earthquakes of February 6, 2023, affected eleven cities, leaving many people homeless after their houses were destroyed or severely, moderately, or lightly damaged. Most of the homeless earthquake victims were initially placed in tent cities and later in container cities. These container cities provided temporary shelter for earthquake victims, effectively postponing the onset of homelessness. However, in Malatyaone of the cities affected by the earthquakea group of homeless individuals emerged who were unable to settle in container city areas. This was due to issues such as problems stemming from private property ownership, houses rented without formal contracts, disruptions caused by public institutions, low incomes, and rising rents. As a result, these individuals sought refuge in a tent that provided collective shelter. During this process, many earthquake victims who had initially sheltered in this tent left as they found alternative housing. However, those who lacked such opportunities and continued to stay in the tent became examples of post-earthquake homelessness. As part of this qualitative research, interviews were conducted with two distinct groups: six temporarily homeless individuals who became homeless after the earthquake and four chronically homeless individuals who had already been homeless before the disaster. The data obtained from these two groups were compared and analyzed, revealing significant differences between the chronic and temporary homeless in terms of reasons for homelessness, gender, income, education, criminal record, addiction, level of personal care, work tendencies, services needed, social relationships, and discourse.

 One of the structural causes of homelessness is natural disasters. As a result of such events, some individuals who had housing prior to the disaster become homeless, while places like parks and streets, where the chronically homeless often reside, are also damaged along with the city as a whole. Although a limited number of studies on post-disaster homelessness exist in the international literature, no research has been conducted on this phenomenon in Türkiye. The earthquakes of February 6, 2023, affected eleven cities, leaving many people homeless after their houses were destroyed or severely, moderately, or lightly damaged. Most of the homeless earthquake victims were initially placed in tent cities and later in container cities. These container cities provided temporary shelter for earthquake victims, effectively postponing the onset of homelessness. However, in Malatyaone of the cities affected by the earthquakea group of homeless individuals emerged who were unable to settle in container city areas. This was due to issues such as problems stemming from private property ownership, houses rented without formal contracts, disruptions caused by public institutions, low incomes, and rising rents. As a result, these individuals sought refuge in a tent that provided collective shelter. During this process, many earthquake victims who had initially sheltered in this tent left as they found alternative housing. However, those who lacked such opportunities and continued to stay in the tent became examples of post-earthquake homelessness. As part of this qualitative research, interviews were conducted with two distinct groups: six temporarily homeless individuals who became homeless after the earthquake and four chronically homeless individuals who had already been homeless before the disaster. The data obtained from these two groups were compared and analyzed, revealing significant differences between the chronic and temporary homeless in terms of reasons for homelessness, gender, income, education, criminal record, addiction, level of personal care, work tendencies, services needed, social relationships, and discourse.

 Evsizliğin yapısal nedenlerinden biri de doğal afetlerdir. Afetler sonucunda, afet öncesinde konutu olan bazı bireyler evsiz kalırken; kronik evsizlerin yaşadığı park ve sokak gibi yerler de kentin geneliyle birlikte zarar görmektedir. Uluslararası literatürde afet sonrası evsizliği post-disaster homelessness fenomeni üzerine sınırlı sayıda çalışma varsa da, Türkiyede henüz bu alanda araştırma yapılmamıştır. 6 Şubat 2023 Depremi on bir kenti etkilemiş, deprem sonrasında konutu yıkılan, ağır ve orta hasar alan çok sayıda kişi evsiz kalmıştır. Evsiz kalan depremzedelerin büyük kısmı önce çadır kentlere, daha sonra ise konteyner kent alanlarına yerleştirilmiş; konteyner kentler, depremzedelere geçici barınma imkanı sağlayarak evsizliği ötelemiştir. Ancak, depremden etkilenen şehirlerden biri olan Malatyada özel mülkiyetten kaynaklı sorunlar, sözleşme yapılmadan kiralanan konutlar ve kamu kurumları kaynaklı aksamalar nedeniyle konteyner kent alanlarına yerleşemeyen, düşük gelirleri ve artan kiralar nedeniyle konut kiralayamayan, bu yüzden de toplu olarak barınılabilen büyük bir çadıra sığınan bir evsiz grubu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu süreçte söz konusu çadıra sığınan çok sayıda depremzede barınma imkanı buldukça çadırdan ayrılmış, bu imkandan mahrum olup çadırda barınmaya devam edenler deprem sonrası evsizliğin örneğini teşkil etmiştir. Bu nitel araştırma kapsamında çadırda gözlem yapılmış, ayrıca deprem sonrasında evsiz kalan altı geçici evsiz ve deprem öncesinde de evsiz olan dört kronik evsizle görüşülmüştür. Bu iki grup evsizden elde edilen veriler karşılaştırarak yorumlanmış, kronik ve geçici evsiz gruplarının evsiz kalma nedenleri, cinsiyet, gelir, eğitim, suç kaydı, bağımlılık, kişisel bakım seviyesi, çalışma eğilimi, ihtiyaç duyulan hizmetler, sosyal ilişkiler ve söylem gibi açılardan farklılaştıkları gözlemlenmiştir.

Makale detayları

Post-Disaster Homelessness: The 6th February 2023 Turkey Earthquake and Malatya Case

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Taşlı

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sosyoloji (Diğer)

Dergi:

İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi Vol.44 Issue 2, pp.609-630

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001340886

pISSN:

2667-6931

Homelessness

Postdisaster homelessness

Earthquake

MalatyaEvsizlik

Afet sonrası evsizliği

Deprem

Malatya

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hüseyin Taşlı

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Sosyoloji (Diğer)

Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi Vol.44 Issue 2, pp.609-630

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001340886

pISSN: 2667-6931

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Taşlı

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sosyoloji (Diğer)

Dergi:

İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi Vol.44 Issue 2, pp.609-630

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001340886

pISSN:

2667-6931