The Eulogies of Al-Ahtal and Jarir to the Umayyad Khalifs: Political Poetry

Sedat Tuna

Makale detayları

The Eulogies of Al-Ahtal and Jarir to the Umayyad Khalifs: Political Poetry

Yazarlar:

Sedat Tuna

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Bilimname Issue 52, pp.339-383

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330778

pISSN:

1304-1878

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 There have always been administrators who tried to rule over the people either by being elected or by inheriting the right to rule from their fathers since humans started roaming the Earth. As there is a community who are content with the acts of the political figures, there is also an opposition party that is unsatisfied with them. Those who support the government praised their actions and got rewarded as a result of their praises. The opposition parties expressed their criticisms towards the government and were deprived of the boons of the government. However, after the improper practices of the Umayyah Khalifs, the public was polarized. These groups found out that the best way to express themselves was through the use of poetry, which was accepted as the media of the period. The poems written by poets are like a glimpse of what happened during the period. Arabic poetry preserved its stylistic aspects during the Umayyah period. In addition to the poetry forms like praise, satire, ghazel, lament, wine, and boast, which were present in the Jahiliyyah Period, political poetry, whose roots reach far in the past, emerged as a new genre. Poets, who were thought as the most important actors of the time, functioned as the media organs during the Umayyahs reign. Poets who supported the government were named as the pro-government media, whereas poets who opposed the government were named as the opposition media. The two most important poets who supported the khalifs and influenced the masses were Al-Akhtal and Jarir. They were as if the professional public storytellers of the khalifs, in the Umayyad period. In this paper, only the praises towards the khalifs of these poets will be inspected and the effect of poetry and the poets on the public will be emphasized.

 There have always been administrators who tried to rule over the people either by being elected or by inheriting the right to rule from their fathers since humans started roaming the Earth. As there is a community who are content with the acts of the political figures, there is also an opposition party that is unsatisfied with them. Those who support the government praised their actions and got rewarded as a result of their praises. The opposition parties expressed their criticisms towards the government and were deprived of the boons of the government. However, after the improper practices of the Umayyah Khalifs, the public was polarized. These groups found out that the best way to express themselves was through the use of poetry, which was accepted as the media of the period. The poems written by poets are like a glimpse of what happened during the period. Arabic poetry preserved its stylistic aspects during the Umayyah period. In addition to the poetry forms like praise, satire, ghazel, lament, wine, and boast, which were present in the Jahiliyyah Period, political poetry, whose roots reach far in the past, emerged as a new genre. Poets, who were thought as the most important actors of the time, functioned as the media organs during the Umayyahs reign. Poets who supported the government were named as the pro-government media, whereas poets who opposed the government were named as the opposition media. The two most important poets who supported the khalifs and influenced the masses were Al-Akhtal and Jarir. They were as if the professional public storytellers of the khalifs, in the Umayyad period. In this paper, only the praises towards the khalifs of these poets will be inspected and the effect of poetry and the poets on the public will be emphasized.

 There have always been administrators who tried to rule over the people either by being elected or by inheriting the right to rule from their fathers since humans started roaming the Earth. As there is a community who are content with the acts of the political figures, there is also an opposition party that is unsatisfied with them. Those who support the government praised their actions and got rewarded as a result of their praises. The opposition parties expressed their criticisms towards the government and were deprived of the boons of the government. However, after the improper practices of the Umayyah Khalifs, the public was polarized. These groups found out that the best way to express themselves was through the use of poetry, which was accepted as the media of the period. The poems written by poets are like a glimpse of what happened during the period. Arabic poetry preserved its stylistic aspects during the Umayyah period. In addition to the poetry forms like praise, satire, ghazel, lament, wine, and boast, which were present in the Jahiliyyah Period, political poetry, whose roots reach far in the past, emerged as a new genre. Poets, who were thought as the most important actors of the time, functioned as the media organs during the Umayyahs reign. Poets who supported the government were named as the pro-government media, whereas poets who opposed the government were named as the opposition media. The two most important poets who supported the khalifs and influenced the masses were Al-Akhtal and Jarir. They were as if the professional public storytellers of the khalifs, in the Umayyad period. In this paper, only the praises towards the khalifs of these poets will be inspected and the effect of poetry and the poets on the public will be emphasized.

 Dünya sahnesinde insanlar yer almaya başladığından itibaren her zaman diliminde insanları babadan oğula geçen bir yönetim anlayışıyla ya da seçimle iş başına gelerek yönetmeye ve insanlar üzerinde hâkimiyet kurmaya çalışan yöneticiler her daim var ola gelmiştir. Siyasi otoritelerin yaptıkları uygulamalardan memnun olan bir kitle olduğu gibi memnun olmayan muhalif bir kitlede her daim olmuştur. Yönetimi destekleyen kitleler yaşadıkları dönemin şartlarına göre yöneticilere methiyeler düzüp onları desteklerken desteklerinin karşılığını ödül olarak almışlardır. Muhalif gruplar da yönetime karşı eleştirilerini yüksek sesle dillendirmişler ve yaptıkları muhalefetin karşılığını da yöneticiler tarafından iktidarın nimetlerinden mahrum bırakılmak suretiyle almışlardır. Emevî halifelerinin yanlış uygulamaları sonucunda halk arasında ayrışmalar ve gruplaşmalar meydana gelmiştir. Ayrışan bu gruplar kendilerini en iyi şekilde ifade etmenin ve kendi görüşlerini halka aktarmanın yolunu o dönemin medyası kabul edilen şiir de bulmuşlardır. Şairin inşâd edip dillendirdiği şiir sanki o dönemde olup bitenlerin bir yansıması gibidir. Emevîler Döneminde Arap şiiri biçimsel özelliğini korumuştur. Ancak Câhiliye Döneminde var olan medih, hiciv, gazel, risâ, hamriyyât, fahr gibi şiir çeşitlerinin yanı sıra yeni bir tür olmakla beraber kökleri geçmişe uzanan siyasi şiir olgusu da ortaya çıkmıştır. Emevîlerin iktidarda olduğu dönemde medya görevini o dönemin en önemli aktörleri kabul edilen şairler yerine getirmişlerdir. Yönetimi destekleyen şairler günümüzün ifadesiyle yandaş medya muhalifler ise muhalif medya olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Emevî Döneminde halifeleri destekleyen ve destekleriyle ses getiren iki önemli şair el-Ahtal ve Cerîrdir. Emevî Döneminin bu iki önemli şairi adeta halifelerin profesyonel meddahları olmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada bu iki önemli profesyonel meddah şairin sadece halifeler için inşâd ettiği methiyelere yer verilerek o dönemde şairin ve şiirin toplumdaki etkisine vurgu yapılacaktır.

Makale detayları

The Eulogies of Al-Ahtal and Jarir to the Umayyad Khalifs: Political Poetry

Yazarlar:

Sedat Tuna

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Bilimname Issue 52, pp.339-383

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330778

pISSN:

1304-1878

Arabic and Rhetoric

The Umayyah Period

Al-Akhtal

Jarir

Political PoetryArap Dili ve Belâgatı

Emevîler Dönemi

el-Ahtal

Cerîr

Siyasi Şiir

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Sedat Tuna

Yayıncı: Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar: Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi: Bilimname Issue 52, pp.339-383

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001330778

pISSN: 1304-1878

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Sedat Tuna

Yayıncı:

Erciyes University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Bilimname Issue 52, pp.339-383

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330778

pISSN:

1304-1878