Implementation of the Financial Reforms of Tanzimat: Edirne Muhassillik and Muhassillik Council

Tevfik Evci

Makale detayları

Implementation of the Financial Reforms of Tanzimat: Edirne Muhassillik and Muhassillik Council

Yazarlar:

Tevfik Evci

Yayıncı:

Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Kent Tarihi

Dergi:

Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.103-127

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343318

pISSN:

2148-2292

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 By the XIXth century, Ottoman statesmen had to struggle with internal problems on the one hand, and on the other hand, they had to fight against Western states that constantly intervened in the internal affairs of the state by using the problems of non-Muslim subjects in the empire as an excuse. The rulers of the state decided that it was only possible to cope with this situation by establishing a strong administrative, financial and military structure and embarked on reform movements. In fact, these reform movements had started to a certain extent during the reigns of Selim III 1789-1807 and Mahmut II 1808-1839. Proclaimed in 1839, Tanzimat can be described as a continuation or complement of these two periods. One of the most important of these movements carried out in the empire with the Tanzimat was the abandonment of the traditional iltizam system and its replacement by the muhassıllık system. This initiative in the fiscal sphere would also be an important factor in the success or failure of other reforms. Because all innovations required significant financial resources. At first, it was decided to implement the Muhassilik system in the provinces close to the capital instead of the whole country. Edirne Province was one of these provinces. In this study, the establishment of the muhassilik system in Edirne, its successes, failures and their reasons are analysed in the light of archival documents. Because of its cosmopolitan structure, Edirne Province was a small example of the empire. For this reason, we believe that the positive or negative events that took place during the implementation will be useful for a better understanding of that period of the Ottoman Empire.

 By the XIXth century, Ottoman statesmen had to struggle with internal problems on the one hand, and on the other hand, they had to fight against Western states that constantly intervened in the internal affairs of the state by using the problems of non-Muslim subjects in the empire as an excuse. The rulers of the state decided that it was only possible to cope with this situation by establishing a strong administrative, financial and military structure and embarked on reform movements. In fact, these reform movements had started to a certain extent during the reigns of Selim III 1789-1807 and Mahmut II 1808-1839. Proclaimed in 1839, Tanzimat can be described as a continuation or complement of these two periods. One of the most important of these movements carried out in the empire with the Tanzimat was the abandonment of the traditional iltizam system and its replacement by the muhassıllık system. This initiative in the fiscal sphere would also be an important factor in the success or failure of other reforms. Because all innovations required significant financial resources. At first, it was decided to implement the Muhassilik system in the provinces close to the capital instead of the whole country. Edirne Province was one of these provinces. In this study, the establishment of the muhassilik system in Edirne, its successes, failures and their reasons are analysed in the light of archival documents. Because of its cosmopolitan structure, Edirne Province was a small example of the empire. For this reason, we believe that the positive or negative events that took place during the implementation will be useful for a better understanding of that period of the Ottoman Empire.

 By the XIXth century, Ottoman statesmen had to struggle with internal problems on the one hand, and on the other hand, they had to fight against Western states that constantly intervened in the internal affairs of the state by using the problems of non-Muslim subjects in the empire as an excuse. The rulers of the state decided that it was only possible to cope with this situation by establishing a strong administrative, financial and military structure and embarked on reform movements. In fact, these reform movements had started to a certain extent during the reigns of Selim III 1789-1807 and Mahmut II 1808-1839. Proclaimed in 1839, Tanzimat can be described as a continuation or complement of these two periods. One of the most important of these movements carried out in the empire with the Tanzimat was the abandonment of the traditional iltizam system and its replacement by the muhassıllık system. This initiative in the fiscal sphere would also be an important factor in the success or failure of other reforms. Because all innovations required significant financial resources. At first, it was decided to implement the Muhassilik system in the provinces close to the capital instead of the whole country. Edirne Province was one of these provinces. In this study, the establishment of the muhassilik system in Edirne, its successes, failures and their reasons are analysed in the light of archival documents. Because of its cosmopolitan structure, Edirne Province was a small example of the empire. For this reason, we believe that the positive or negative events that took place during the implementation will be useful for a better understanding of that period of the Ottoman Empire.

 XIX. yüzyıla gelindiğinde Osmanlı devlet adamları bir taraftan iç problemlerle mücadele ederken diğer taraftan da imparatorluktaki gayrimüslim tebaanın yaşadığı sorunları bahane ederek devamlı devletin iç işlerine müdahale eden Batılı devletlerle mücadele etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Devleti yönetenler bu durumla baş edebilmenin ancak güçlü bir idarî, malî ve askerî yapı tesis edilmesiyle mümkün olabileceğine karar vererek reform hareketlerine girişmişlerdir. Aslında bu reform hareketleri III. Selim 1789-1807 ve II. Mahmut 1808-1839 zamanında belli bir ölçüde başlamıştı. 1839 yılında ilan edilen Tanzimatı bu iki dönemin bir devamı ya da tamamlayıcısı olarak nitelendirilebiliriz. Tanzimatla birlikte imparatorlukta yürütülen bu hareketlerin en önemlilerinden birisi geleneksel iltizam sisteminin terk edilerek yerine muhassıllık sisteminin kurulmasıdır. Malî alandaki bu girişim aynı zamanda diğer reformların başarılı ya da başarısız olmasında önemli bir faktör olacaktı. Çünkü yapılacak tüm yenilikler önemli ölçüde mâlî kaynak gerektirmekteydi. Muhassılık sisteminin ilk başta tüm ülke yerine başkente yakın vilayetlerde uygulanmasına karar verilmiştir. Edirne Eyaleti de bunlardan birisidir. Bu çalışmada Edirnede muhassıllık sisteminin tesisi, başarıları, başarısızlıkları ve bunların nedenleri arşiv belgeleri ışığında incelenmiştir. Zira Edirne Eyaleti kozmopolit yapısı sebebiyle imparatorluğun küçük bir örneği konumundaydı. Bu nedenle uygulama sırasında yaşanan -olumlu yahut olumsuz- hadiseler Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun o döneminin daha iyi anlaşılmasında faydalı olacağı kanaatindeyiz.

Makale detayları

Implementation of the Financial Reforms of Tanzimat: Edirne Muhassillik and Muhassillik Council

Yazarlar:

Tevfik Evci

Yayıncı:

Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Kent Tarihi

Dergi:

Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.103-127

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343318

pISSN:

2148-2292

Edirne

Muhassıllık

Tanzimat

Ottoman EmpireEdirne

Muhassıllık

Tanzimat

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Tevfik Evci

Yayıncı: Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar: Yakınçağ Kent Tarihi

Dergi: Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.103-127

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001343318

pISSN: 2148-2292

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Tevfik Evci

Yayıncı:

Hakan YILMAZ

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Kent Tarihi

Dergi:

Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.103-127

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001343318

pISSN:

2148-2292