Characterization of Water Pollution in Tropical Epikarst Spring in Gunungsewu Karst Area, Java Island, Indonesia

Ahmad Cahyadi; Indra Agus Riyanto; Rasyiida Acintya; Akhmad Singgih; Rakhmat Dwi Putra

Makale detayları

Characterization of Water Pollution in Tropical Epikarst Spring in Gunungsewu Karst Area, Java Island, Indonesia

Yazarlar:

Ahmad Cahyadi | Indra Agus Riyanto | Rasyiida Acintya | Akhmad Singgih | Rakhmat Dwi Putra

Yayıncı:

Murat YAKAR

Ana Başlıklar:

Environmental Pollution and Prevention | Water Resources and Water Structures

Dergi:

Turkish Journal of Engineering Vol.9 Issue 3, pp.433-446

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339454

pISSN:

2587-1366

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Groundwater vulnerability in karst areas is generally considered high due to the development of secondary porosity caused by the dissolution processes. However, several epikarst springs still exhibit a large influence of diffuse flow with underdeveloped conduit flow. This signifies that epikarst springs have different characteristics from karst springs or underground rivers which have experienced further development of dissolution passages. This study aims to characterize pollution in epikarst springs located in the tropical region, with a case study in the East Gunungsewu Karst Area. Water quality standard is used in this study to assess the water pollution in the epikarst spring in the East Gunungsewu Karst Area, Indonesia. The method in this research was carried out by plotting the water quality standards in Schoeller diagrams, Piper diagrams, triangular Piper diagrams, and scatter plots to determine the chemical characteristics of the epikarst water. The characterization results displays that the water quality of Gedong Springs has HCO3- and Ca2 values that exceed WHO standards. Analysis of Schoeller diagrams and Piper diagrams on these springs shows that these two dominant major elements are produced from the enrichment process due to groundwater processes in the limestone aquifers of the Wonosari Formation. This is also supported by the results of Scatter plot which shows that the dominant ionic Gedong Spring comes from limestone dissolution. Further analysis showed an influence of agricultural activity is present in 1 of the sample taken from the epikarst. The analysis outcomes exhibit a unique characteristic of epikarst springs, namely the dominance of diffuse flow moving through the rock matrix which causes high HCO3- and Ca2 content throughout most of the season. On the other hand, this type of flow makes it difficult for pollutants caused by anthropogenic activities in the form of agriculture and domestic use to pollute the water inside.

 Groundwater vulnerability in karst areas is generally considered high due to the development of secondary porosity caused by the dissolution processes. However, several epikarst springs still exhibit a large influence of diffuse flow with underdeveloped conduit flow. This signifies that epikarst springs have different characteristics from karst springs or underground rivers which have experienced further development of dissolution passages. This study aims to characterize pollution in epikarst springs located in the tropical region, with a case study in the East Gunungsewu Karst Area. Water quality standard is used in this study to assess the water pollution in the epikarst spring in the East Gunungsewu Karst Area, Indonesia. The method in this research was carried out by plotting the water quality standards in Schoeller diagrams, Piper diagrams, triangular Piper diagrams, and scatter plots to determine the chemical characteristics of the epikarst water. The characterization results displays that the water quality of Gedong Springs has HCO3- and Ca2 values that exceed WHO standards. Analysis of Schoeller diagrams and Piper diagrams on these springs shows that these two dominant major elements are produced from the enrichment process due to groundwater processes in the limestone aquifers of the Wonosari Formation. This is also supported by the results of Scatter plot which shows that the dominant ionic Gedong Spring comes from limestone dissolution. Further analysis showed an influence of agricultural activity is present in 1 of the sample taken from the epikarst. The analysis outcomes exhibit a unique characteristic of epikarst springs, namely the dominance of diffuse flow moving through the rock matrix which causes high HCO3- and Ca2 content throughout most of the season. On the other hand, this type of flow makes it difficult for pollutants caused by anthropogenic activities in the form of agriculture and domestic use to pollute the water inside.

 Groundwater vulnerability in karst areas is generally considered high due to the development of secondary porosity caused by the dissolution processes. However, several epikarst springs still exhibit a large influence of diffuse flow with underdeveloped conduit flow. This signifies that epikarst springs have different characteristics from karst springs or underground rivers which have experienced further development of dissolution passages. This study aims to characterize pollution in epikarst springs located in the tropical region, with a case study in the East Gunungsewu Karst Area. Water quality standard is used in this study to assess the water pollution in the epikarst spring in the East Gunungsewu Karst Area, Indonesia. The method in this research was carried out by plotting the water quality standards in Schoeller diagrams, Piper diagrams, triangular Piper diagrams, and scatter plots to determine the chemical characteristics of the epikarst water. The characterization results displays that the water quality of Gedong Springs has HCO3- and Ca2 values that exceed WHO standards. Analysis of Schoeller diagrams and Piper diagrams on these springs shows that these two dominant major elements are produced from the enrichment process due to groundwater processes in the limestone aquifers of the Wonosari Formation. This is also supported by the results of Scatter plot which shows that the dominant ionic Gedong Spring comes from limestone dissolution. Further analysis showed an influence of agricultural activity is present in 1 of the sample taken from the epikarst. The analysis outcomes exhibit a unique characteristic of epikarst springs, namely the dominance of diffuse flow moving through the rock matrix which causes high HCO3- and Ca2 content throughout most of the season. On the other hand, this type of flow makes it difficult for pollutants caused by anthropogenic activities in the form of agriculture and domestic use to pollute the water inside.

 Groundwater vulnerability in karst areas is generally considered high due to the development of secondary porosity caused by the dissolution processes. However, several epikarst springs still exhibit a large influence of diffuse flow with underdeveloped conduit flow. This signifies that epikarst springs have different characteristics from karst springs or underground rivers which have experienced further development of dissolution passages. This study aims to characterize pollution in epikarst springs located in the tropical region, with a case study in the East Gunungsewu Karst Area. Water quality standard is used in this study to assess the water pollution in the epikarst spring in the East Gunungsewu Karst Area, Indonesia. The method in this research was carried out by plotting the water quality standards in Schoeller diagrams, Piper diagrams, triangular Piper diagrams, and scatter plots to determine the chemical characteristics of the epikarst water. The characterization results displays that the water quality of Gedong Springs has HCO3- and Ca2 values that exceed WHO standards. Analysis of Schoeller diagrams and Piper diagrams on these springs shows that these two dominant major elements are produced from the enrichment process due to groundwater processes in the limestone aquifers of the Wonosari Formation. This is also supported by the results of Scatter plot which shows that the dominant ionic Gedong Spring comes from limestone dissolution. Further analysis showed an influence of agricultural activity is present in 1 of the sample taken from the epikarst. The analysis outcomes exhibit a unique characteristic of epikarst springs, namely the dominance of diffuse flow moving through the rock matrix which causes high HCO3- and Ca2 content throughout most of the season. On the other hand, this type of flow makes it difficult for pollutants caused by anthropogenic activities in the form of agriculture and domestic use to pollute the water inside.

Makale detayları

Characterization of Water Pollution in Tropical Epikarst Spring in Gunungsewu Karst Area, Java Island, Indonesia

Yazarlar:

Ahmad Cahyadi | Indra Agus Riyanto | Rasyiida Acintya | Akhmad Singgih | Rakhmat Dwi Putra

Yayıncı:

Murat YAKAR

Ana Başlıklar:

Environmental Pollution and Prevention | Water Resources and Water Structures

Dergi:

Turkish Journal of Engineering Vol.9 Issue 3, pp.433-446

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339454

pISSN:

2587-1366

Agriculture Pollution

Anthropogenic Pollution

Epikarst Spring

Tropical Karst

Water Quality

Sayı

Makale detayları

Characterization of Water Pollution in Tropical Epikarst Spring in Gunungsewu Karst Area, Java Island, Indonesia

Yazarlar: Ahmad Cahyadi | Indra Agus Riyanto | Rasyiida Acintya | Akhmad Singgih | Rakhmat Dwi Putra

Yayıncı: Murat YAKAR

Ana Başlıklar: Environmental Pollution and Prevention | Water Resources and Water Structures

Dergi: Turkish Journal of Engineering Vol.9 Issue 3, pp.433-446

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001339454

pISSN: 2587-1366

Agriculture Pollution

Anthropogenic Pollution

Epikarst Spring

Tropical Karst

Water Quality

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ahmad Cahyadi | Indra Agus Riyanto | Rasyiida Acintya | Akhmad Singgih | Rakhmat Dwi Putra

Yayıncı:

Murat YAKAR

Ana Başlıklar:

Environmental Pollution and Prevention | Water Resources and Water Structures

Dergi:

Turkish Journal of Engineering Vol.9 Issue 3, pp.433-446

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339454

pISSN:

2587-1366