The Effect of Turkish on the Sufi Circles in Iraq (Abd al-Rahman Khalis Kirkukî Example)

Abdulcebbar Kavak

Makale detayları

The Effect of Turkish on the Sufi Circles in Iraq (Abd al-Rahman Khalis Kirkukî Example)

Yazarlar:

Abdulcebbar Kavak

Yayıncı:

Karabuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tasavvuf

Dergi:

MUTALAA Vol.5 Issue 1, pp.17-31

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353759

pISSN:

2791-8025

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Subject and Purpose: This article focuses on the influence of Turkish on Sufi circles that deeply influenced Iraqi society. Iraq has been a region where pioneering figures have been raised in the fields of politics, science, ideas, art and literature since the first century when Islam began to spread. During the institutionalisation period of Sufism, the first sufi orders emerged here. From Qadiriyya to Rifâiyya, from Adawîyya to Suhrawardiyya, many sufi orders found the opportunity to develop in Iraq. The activities of sufi orders have become widespread among the Arabs, Kurds and Turkmans who make up the demography of Iraq. The main purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Turkish on Sufi circles in Iraq and to examine the role of prominent institutions and personalities in this regard. Method: In this article, the arrival of the Turks in Iraq, their political, military and cultural influences and the influence of Turkish on Sufi circles in Iraq will be analysed through a qualitative method and a review of sources. In this regard, the manuscripts and printed publications in the Manuscript Libraries in Iraq provide sufficient resources for the research. Results: In Iraq, as in the Islamic world, Arabic was accepted as the language of science and Persian as the language of poetry and literature. However, the Ottoman Empires domination in and around Iraq from the sixteenth century onwards provided a strong opportunity for Turkish to express itself in the field of literature. For this reason, Turkmans living in Iraq have entered an active process in the dissemination of Turkish language and culture in the social sphere. The lodges opened in some cities of Iraq by sufi orders such as Bektâshiyya, Akhiyya and Mawlawiyya, which emerged in Anatolia, gave momentum to the spread of Turkish in the social sphere. In this context, Kirkuk Talabani Lodge and the Turkish works of its shaykh Abd al-Rahman Khâlis Kirkukî constitute one of the greatest examples of the influence of Turkish on the Sufi circles in Iraq. Conclusions: Since the first half of the sixteenth century, when the Ottoman Empire established its sovereignty in Iraq and its neighbourhood, Turkish and Turkish culture developed significantly in Iraq. Bekâshiyya and Mawlawiya, which came from Anatolia and carried out lodge activities here, and Akhiyya, which played an important role in the organisation of tradesmen and craftsmen, made great contributions to the spread of Turkish in the social life of Iraq. Another major contribution came from the many Turkman poets who grew up in Iraq at the same time and the literary works they wrote. Poetic works in which Turkish was expressed with literary arts influenced many Sufis in Sufi circles. Among them, Shaykh Abd al-Rahman Khâlis Kirkukî, the postmaster of Kirkuk Talabânî Lodge, stood out with his inclusion of Turkish poetry and music in the activities of the lodge and the Turkish works he wrote.

 Subject and Purpose: This article focuses on the influence of Turkish on Sufi circles that deeply influenced Iraqi society. Iraq has been a region where pioneering figures have been raised in the fields of politics, science, ideas, art and literature since the first century when Islam began to spread. During the institutionalisation period of Sufism, the first sufi orders emerged here. From Qadiriyya to Rifâiyya, from Adawîyya to Suhrawardiyya, many sufi orders found the opportunity to develop in Iraq. The activities of sufi orders have become widespread among the Arabs, Kurds and Turkmans who make up the demography of Iraq. The main purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Turkish on Sufi circles in Iraq and to examine the role of prominent institutions and personalities in this regard. Method: In this article, the arrival of the Turks in Iraq, their political, military and cultural influences and the influence of Turkish on Sufi circles in Iraq will be analysed through a qualitative method and a review of sources. In this regard, the manuscripts and printed publications in the Manuscript Libraries in Iraq provide sufficient resources for the research. Results: In Iraq, as in the Islamic world, Arabic was accepted as the language of science and Persian as the language of poetry and literature. However, the Ottoman Empires domination in and around Iraq from the sixteenth century onwards provided a strong opportunity for Turkish to express itself in the field of literature. For this reason, Turkmans living in Iraq have entered an active process in the dissemination of Turkish language and culture in the social sphere. The lodges opened in some cities of Iraq by sufi orders such as Bektâshiyya, Akhiyya and Mawlawiyya, which emerged in Anatolia, gave momentum to the spread of Turkish in the social sphere. In this context, Kirkuk Talabani Lodge and the Turkish works of its shaykh Abd al-Rahman Khâlis Kirkukî constitute one of the greatest examples of the influence of Turkish on the Sufi circles in Iraq. Conclusions: Since the first half of the sixteenth century, when the Ottoman Empire established its sovereignty in Iraq and its neighbourhood, Turkish and Turkish culture developed significantly in Iraq. Bekâshiyya and Mawlawiya, which came from Anatolia and carried out lodge activities here, and Akhiyya, which played an important role in the organisation of tradesmen and craftsmen, made great contributions to the spread of Turkish in the social life of Iraq. Another major contribution came from the many Turkman poets who grew up in Iraq at the same time and the literary works they wrote. Poetic works in which Turkish was expressed with literary arts influenced many Sufis in Sufi circles. Among them, Shaykh Abd al-Rahman Khâlis Kirkukî, the postmaster of Kirkuk Talabânî Lodge, stood out with his inclusion of Turkish poetry and music in the activities of the lodge and the Turkish works he wrote.

 Subject and Purpose: This article focuses on the influence of Turkish on Sufi circles that deeply influenced Iraqi society. Iraq has been a region where pioneering figures have been raised in the fields of politics, science, ideas, art and literature since the first century when Islam began to spread. During the institutionalisation period of Sufism, the first sufi orders emerged here. From Qadiriyya to Rifâiyya, from Adawîyya to Suhrawardiyya, many sufi orders found the opportunity to develop in Iraq. The activities of sufi orders have become widespread among the Arabs, Kurds and Turkmans who make up the demography of Iraq. The main purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Turkish on Sufi circles in Iraq and to examine the role of prominent institutions and personalities in this regard. Method: In this article, the arrival of the Turks in Iraq, their political, military and cultural influences and the influence of Turkish on Sufi circles in Iraq will be analysed through a qualitative method and a review of sources. In this regard, the manuscripts and printed publications in the Manuscript Libraries in Iraq provide sufficient resources for the research. Results: In Iraq, as in the Islamic world, Arabic was accepted as the language of science and Persian as the language of poetry and literature. However, the Ottoman Empires domination in and around Iraq from the sixteenth century onwards provided a strong opportunity for Turkish to express itself in the field of literature. For this reason, Turkmans living in Iraq have entered an active process in the dissemination of Turkish language and culture in the social sphere. The lodges opened in some cities of Iraq by sufi orders such as Bektâshiyya, Akhiyya and Mawlawiyya, which emerged in Anatolia, gave momentum to the spread of Turkish in the social sphere. In this context, Kirkuk Talabani Lodge and the Turkish works of its shaykh Abd al-Rahman Khâlis Kirkukî constitute one of the greatest examples of the influence of Turkish on the Sufi circles in Iraq. Conclusions: Since the first half of the sixteenth century, when the Ottoman Empire established its sovereignty in Iraq and its neighbourhood, Turkish and Turkish culture developed significantly in Iraq. Bekâshiyya and Mawlawiya, which came from Anatolia and carried out lodge activities here, and Akhiyya, which played an important role in the organisation of tradesmen and craftsmen, made great contributions to the spread of Turkish in the social life of Iraq. Another major contribution came from the many Turkman poets who grew up in Iraq at the same time and the literary works they wrote. Poetic works in which Turkish was expressed with literary arts influenced many Sufis in Sufi circles. Among them, Shaykh Abd al-Rahman Khâlis Kirkukî, the postmaster of Kirkuk Talabânî Lodge, stood out with his inclusion of Turkish poetry and music in the activities of the lodge and the Turkish works he wrote.

 Konu ve Amaç: Bu makale, Türkçenin Irak toplumunu derinden etkileyen tasavvufî çevrelere etkisini konu edinmiştir. Irak, İslamın yayılmaya başladığı ilk asırdan itibaren siyaset, ilim, fikir, sanat ve edebiyat alanlarında öncü şahsiyetlerin yetiştiği bir bölge olmuştur. Tasavvufun kurumsallaşma döneminde de ilk tarikatlar burada ortaya çıkmıştır. Kadirîlikten Rifâîliğe, Adevîlikten Sühreverdîliğe pek çok tarikat Irakta gelişme imkânı bulmuştur. Irakın demografisini oluşturan Araplar, Kürtler ve Türkmenler arasında tarikatların faaliyetleri yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki temel amaç Türkçenin Iraktaki tasavvufî çevrelere etkisini incelemek ve bu hususta öne çıkan kurum ve şahsiyetlerin rolünü irdelemektir. Yöntem: Bu makalede Türklerin Iraka gelişi, siyasî, askerî ve kültürel alanlardaki etkileri ile Türkçenin Iraktaki sûfî çevrelere etkisi nitel yöntemle ve kaynaklar taranarak incelenecektir. Bu konuda Iraktaki Yazma Eserler Kütüphanelerinde bulunan yazma eserler ile matbu yayınlar araştırma için yeterli kaynağı sağlamaktadır. Bulgular: Irakta da İslam dünyasında olduğu gibi Arapça ilim dili, Farsça ise şiir ve edebiyat dili olarak kabul görmüştür. Bununla beraber Osmanlı Devletinin on altıncı yüzyıldan itibaren Irak ve çevresinde hakimiyet kurması, Türkçenin edebiyat alanında kendisini ifade etmesine güçlü bir fırsat sunmuştur. Bu nedenle Irakta yaşayan Türkmenler Türk dili ve kültürünün toplumsal alanda yaygınlaştırılması hususunda aktif bir sürece girmişlerdir. Anadoluda ortaya çıkan Bektâşîlik, Ahîlik ve Mevlevîlik gibi tarikatların Irakın bazı şehirlerinde açtıkları tekkeler toplumsal alanda Türkçenin yayılmasına ivme kazandırmıştır. Bu meyanda Kerkük Talabânî Tekkesi ve şeyhi Abdurrahman Hâlis Kerkükînin Türkçe eserleri, Türkçenin Iraktaki tasavvufî çevrelere etkisine en büyük örneklerden birini teşkil etmektedir. Sonuç: Osmanlı Devletinin Irak ve çevresinde hakimiyet kurduğu on altıncı yüzyılın ilk yarısından itibaren Türkçe ve Türk kültürü Irakta ciddi gelişme göstermiştir. Türkçenin Irakın toplumsal hayatında iz bırakacak bir yaygınlığa ulaşmasında Anadoludan gelerek burada tekke faaliyeti yürüten Bekâşîlik ve Mevlevîliğin, esnaf ve zanaatkarların organize edilmesinde önemli rol üstlenen Ahîlik teşkilatının büyük katkıları olmuştur. Diğer büyük bir katkı da Irakta aynı tarihlerde yetişen çok sayıda Türkmen şairinden ve yazdıkları edebi eserlerden gelmiştir. Türkçenin edebi sanatlarla ifade edildiği manzum eserler sûfî çevrelerde pek çok tasavvuf erbabını etkilemiştir. Bunlardan Kerkük Talabânî Tekkesi postnişini Şeyh Abdurrahman Hâlis Kerkükî, tekke faaliyetlerinde Türkçe şiir ve musikiye yer vermesi ve yazdığı Türkçe eserlerle öne çıkmıştır.

Makale detayları

The Effect of Turkish on the Sufi Circles in Iraq (Abd al-Rahman Khalis Kirkukî Example)

Yazarlar:

Abdulcebbar Kavak

Yayıncı:

Karabuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tasavvuf

Dergi:

MUTALAA Vol.5 Issue 1, pp.17-31

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353759

pISSN:

2791-8025

Abd al-Rahman Khâlis Kirkukî

Sufism

Turkish

Iraq

Bektâshiyya

Akhiyya

MawlawiyyaAbdurrahman Hâlis Kerkükî

Tasavvuf

Türkçe

Irak

Bektâşîlik

Ahîlik

Mevlevîlik

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Abdulcebbar Kavak

Yayıncı: Karabuk University

Ana Başlıklar: Tasavvuf

Dergi: MUTALAA Vol.5 Issue 1, pp.17-31

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001353759

pISSN: 2791-8025

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Abdulcebbar Kavak

Yayıncı:

Karabuk University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tasavvuf

Dergi:

MUTALAA Vol.5 Issue 1, pp.17-31

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353759

pISSN:

2791-8025