The Differences in Consciousness Experienced by Ghazali in the Process of Self-Realization (A Study Centered on al-Munqiz Minad-Dalal)

Yeliz Akkaya Türkol

Makale detayları

The Differences in Consciousness Experienced by Ghazali in the Process of Self-Realization (A Study Centered on al-Munqiz Minad-Dalal)

Yazarlar:

Yeliz Akkaya Türkol

Yayıncı:

Giresun University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

İdrak Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 2, pp.79-93

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339198

pISSN:

2791-6693

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 According to Maslow, the pyramid of needs must be satisfied in order for human beings to realize themselves. In this pyramid of humanistic psychology, when physiological needs, the need for security, love, belonging and respect are met, a person can realize himselfherself. Maslow stated that transcendental consciousness experiences can be experienced when the motive of self-actualization is satisfied. According to him, in transcendental consciousness experiences, the individual has the feeling of being one with the whole universe, the state of consciousness changes and the person experiences different experiences in the inner world than real life. There are similarities and differences between the states of consciousness in Sufism, the mystical aspect of Islam, and transcendental consciousness experiences. In Islamic mysticism, contrary to Maslow, when physical needs, the need for security, love, belonging, respect and other worldly needs are starved, the raw state of consciousness matures. Thus, the individual can become a human being and have metaphysical experiences. In his autobiographical work Al-Munqiz Mined-Dalāl, it is seen that Abū Hāmid Muhammad al-Ghazzālī d. 5051111 experienced various differences in the state of consciousness in the context of the process of self-discovery; he narrates his experiences before and after these experiences in detail. In this study, with the document analysis method, it is analyzed how he overcame the crises he experienced in the process of human self-discovery in terms of the types of consciousness in modern psychology and Islamic mysticism.

 According to Maslow, the pyramid of needs must be satisfied in order for human beings to realize themselves. In this pyramid of humanistic psychology, when physiological needs, the need for security, love, belonging and respect are met, a person can realize himselfherself. Maslow stated that transcendental consciousness experiences can be experienced when the motive of self-actualization is satisfied. According to him, in transcendental consciousness experiences, the individual has the feeling of being one with the whole universe, the state of consciousness changes and the person experiences different experiences in the inner world than real life. There are similarities and differences between the states of consciousness in Sufism, the mystical aspect of Islam, and transcendental consciousness experiences. In Islamic mysticism, contrary to Maslow, when physical needs, the need for security, love, belonging, respect and other worldly needs are starved, the raw state of consciousness matures. Thus, the individual can become a human being and have metaphysical experiences. In his autobiographical work Al-Munqiz Mined-Dalāl, it is seen that Abū Hāmid Muhammad al-Ghazzālī d. 5051111 experienced various differences in the state of consciousness in the context of the process of self-discovery; he narrates his experiences before and after these experiences in detail. In this study, with the document analysis method, it is analyzed how he overcame the crises he experienced in the process of human self-discovery in terms of the types of consciousness in modern psychology and Islamic mysticism.

 According to Maslow, the pyramid of needs must be satisfied in order for human beings to realize themselves. In this pyramid of humanistic psychology, when physiological needs, the need for security, love, belonging and respect are met, a person can realize himselfherself. Maslow stated that transcendental consciousness experiences can be experienced when the motive of self-actualization is satisfied. According to him, in transcendental consciousness experiences, the individual has the feeling of being one with the whole universe, the state of consciousness changes and the person experiences different experiences in the inner world than real life. There are similarities and differences between the states of consciousness in Sufism, the mystical aspect of Islam, and transcendental consciousness experiences. In Islamic mysticism, contrary to Maslow, when physical needs, the need for security, love, belonging, respect and other worldly needs are starved, the raw state of consciousness matures. Thus, the individual can become a human being and have metaphysical experiences. In his autobiographical work Al-Munqiz Mined-Dalāl, it is seen that Abū Hāmid Muhammad al-Ghazzālī d. 5051111 experienced various differences in the state of consciousness in the context of the process of self-discovery; he narrates his experiences before and after these experiences in detail. In this study, with the document analysis method, it is analyzed how he overcame the crises he experienced in the process of human self-discovery in terms of the types of consciousness in modern psychology and Islamic mysticism.

 Maslowa göre insanın kendisini gerçekleştirebilmesi için ihtiyaçlar piramidinin doyuma ulaşması gerekir. Hümanist psikolojinin bu piramidinde fizyolojik ihtiyaçlar, güvenlik ihtiyacı, sevgi ve ait olma ile saygı ihtiyaçları karşılandığında kişi kendini gerçekleştirebilmektedir. Maslow, kendini gerçekleştirme güdüsü tatmin olduğunda aşkın bilinç deneyimleri yaşanabileceğini belirtmiştir. Ona göre aşkın bilinç deneyimlerinde; bireyin tüm evrenle bir olma hissi bulunmakta, bilinç durumu değişerek kişi iç dünyasında gerçek hayattan farklı deneyimler yaşamaktadır. İslam dininin mistik yönü olan tasavvufta yer alan bilinç hâlleri ile aşkın bilinç deneyimleri arasında benzerlikler ve farklar göze çarpmaktadır. İslam tasavvufunda Maslowun aksine; fiziksel ihtiyaçlar, güvenlik ihtiyacı, sevgi, ait olma, saygı ve diğer dünyevi ihtiyaçlar aç bırakıldığında ham görülen bilinç hâlinin olgunlaşması söz konusu olmaktadır. Böylece birey insan-ı kâmil olabilmekte ve metafizik deneyimler yaşayabilmektedir. El-Münkız Mined-Dalâl adlı otobiyografik nitelikteki eserinde Ebû Hâmid Muhammed el-Gazzâlînin öl. 5051111, kendini keşfetme süreci bağlamında çeşitli bilinç hâli farklılıkları deneyimlediği; bu deneyimlerin öncesine ve sonrasına ilişkin yaşantılarını ayrıntılı biçimde aktardığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada doküman incelemesi yöntemi ile modern psikolojide yer alan bilinç çeşitleri ile İslam tasavvufu açısından insanın kendisini keşfetmesi sürecinde yaşadığı krizleri nasıl atlattığı ve nasıl aşkın bilinç deneyimler yaşaması tek bir örnek üzerinden incelenecektir.

Makale detayları

The Differences in Consciousness Experienced by Ghazali in the Process of Self-Realization (A Study Centered on al-Munqiz Minad-Dalal)

Yazarlar:

Yeliz Akkaya Türkol

Yayıncı:

Giresun University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

İdrak Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 2, pp.79-93

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339198

pISSN:

2791-6693

Psychology of Religion

Transpersonal Psychology

Ghazali

El Munqız Mine Al-Dalal

Self ActualizationDin Psikolojisi

Transpersonel Psikoloji

Kendini Gerçekleştirmek

Gazzali

El Münkız Mine'd- Dalal

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Yeliz Akkaya Türkol

Yayıncı: Giresun University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi: İdrak Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 2, pp.79-93

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001339198

pISSN: 2791-6693

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Yeliz Akkaya Türkol

Yayıncı:

Giresun University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Araştırmaları (Diğer)

Dergi:

İdrak Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi Vol.5 Issue 2, pp.79-93

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339198

pISSN:

2791-6693