Jerome A. Stone’s Minimal Model of Transcendence

Elif Ünlü

Makale detayları

Jerome A. Stone’s Minimal Model of Transcendence

Yazarlar:

Elif Ünlü

Yayıncı:

Mus Alparslan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Felsefesi

Dergi:

Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.7 Issue 2, pp.217-228

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336794

pISSN:

2667-7717

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Jerome A. Stone is one of the philosophers of religion who works on religious naturalism. He stands out with his defense of a minimalist understanding of religion in religious naturalism. In this article, Stones minimal model of transcendence in religious naturalism is examined and evaluated. First, Stones idea of religious naturalism is explained, then the minimal model of transcendence is discussed. In terms of his philosophy, Stone basically draws attention to the importance of nature in human life. By accepting nature as transcendent and sacred, it emphasizes the reinterpretation of nature in a way that will affect all our beliefs and thoughts. According to him, nature also plays an effective role in thoughts about God. Stones approach to nature as a transcendent and religious aspect constitutes the founding elements of his minimalist understanding of religion. Stone rejects any metaphysical divinity and defends a naturalistic understanding of religion that emphasizes nature. He thinks that this view is a good alternative for those who do not want to choose theism or atheism. In the minimal model, the qualities of power and goodness in the personal God are attributed to the divinity in nature. According to Stone, the minimal model meets the spiritual needs in life while also providing a naturalistic philosophy with a non-metaphysical God in this world. He argues that he offers an alternative understanding of religion by softening the strict divinity of theism with a concept of God that can be defended within a naturalistic framework, rather than a concept of God that includes metaphysical elements. Stone argues that the minimal model of transcendence may not be satisfactory for everyone, but it can be a religious alternative for those who want to gain the transcendent dimension in life. The Minimal model of transcendence basically tries to preserve the concept of transcendence in nature, and, on the other hand, it explains the nature and this world without exceeding the ontological limits in the experiences of transcendence or by preserving the limits in claims that cannot be proven naturalistically. In Stones minimal model of transcendence in religious naturalism, openness to the possibilities that will occur is important. The main problem for Stones naturalistic perspective is whether the object of religious orientation is the whole of nature or a part of it. If it is a part of the universe, it is a creative process within the universe or the sum of creative elements. In terms of religious naturalism, it is necessary to redefine how the concept of God is conceived within a naturalist framework in minimal thought, centered on nature, and beyond the traditional meaning of this concept. In Stones minimal model of transcendence, it can be said that the God-nature-human relationship is transferred to the nature-human relationship by attributing sacredness to nature. In Stones understanding of religion, there is the problem of which divine qualities the object of non-metaphysical religious orientation will have. The article discusses what kind of a being nature is, what the divine powers in nature are, and the possibility of creating a religious understanding without defending any concept of God in a minimal religious understanding. In addition, the compatibility of various understandings of God with minimal religious naturalism and what it means to be religious in a minimal religious understanding are evaluated.

 Jerome A. Stone is one of the philosophers of religion who works on religious naturalism. He stands out with his defense of a minimalist understanding of religion in religious naturalism. In this article, Stones minimal model of transcendence in religious naturalism is examined and evaluated. First, Stones idea of religious naturalism is explained, then the minimal model of transcendence is discussed. In terms of his philosophy, Stone basically draws attention to the importance of nature in human life. By accepting nature as transcendent and sacred, it emphasizes the reinterpretation of nature in a way that will affect all our beliefs and thoughts. According to him, nature also plays an effective role in thoughts about God. Stones approach to nature as a transcendent and religious aspect constitutes the founding elements of his minimalist understanding of religion. Stone rejects any metaphysical divinity and defends a naturalistic understanding of religion that emphasizes nature. He thinks that this view is a good alternative for those who do not want to choose theism or atheism. In the minimal model, the qualities of power and goodness in the personal God are attributed to the divinity in nature. According to Stone, the minimal model meets the spiritual needs in life while also providing a naturalistic philosophy with a non-metaphysical God in this world. He argues that he offers an alternative understanding of religion by softening the strict divinity of theism with a concept of God that can be defended within a naturalistic framework, rather than a concept of God that includes metaphysical elements. Stone argues that the minimal model of transcendence may not be satisfactory for everyone, but it can be a religious alternative for those who want to gain the transcendent dimension in life. The Minimal model of transcendence basically tries to preserve the concept of transcendence in nature, and, on the other hand, it explains the nature and this world without exceeding the ontological limits in the experiences of transcendence or by preserving the limits in claims that cannot be proven naturalistically. In Stones minimal model of transcendence in religious naturalism, openness to the possibilities that will occur is important. The main problem for Stones naturalistic perspective is whether the object of religious orientation is the whole of nature or a part of it. If it is a part of the universe, it is a creative process within the universe or the sum of creative elements. In terms of religious naturalism, it is necessary to redefine how the concept of God is conceived within a naturalist framework in minimal thought, centered on nature, and beyond the traditional meaning of this concept. In Stones minimal model of transcendence, it can be said that the God-nature-human relationship is transferred to the nature-human relationship by attributing sacredness to nature. In Stones understanding of religion, there is the problem of which divine qualities the object of non-metaphysical religious orientation will have. The article discusses what kind of a being nature is, what the divine powers in nature are, and the possibility of creating a religious understanding without defending any concept of God in a minimal religious understanding. In addition, the compatibility of various understandings of God with minimal religious naturalism and what it means to be religious in a minimal religious understanding are evaluated.

 Jerome A. Stone is one of the philosophers of religion who works on religious naturalism. He stands out with his defense of a minimalist understanding of religion in religious naturalism. In this article, Stones minimal model of transcendence in religious naturalism is examined and evaluated. First, Stones idea of religious naturalism is explained, then the minimal model of transcendence is discussed. In terms of his philosophy, Stone basically draws attention to the importance of nature in human life. By accepting nature as transcendent and sacred, it emphasizes the reinterpretation of nature in a way that will affect all our beliefs and thoughts. According to him, nature also plays an effective role in thoughts about God. Stones approach to nature as a transcendent and religious aspect constitutes the founding elements of his minimalist understanding of religion. Stone rejects any metaphysical divinity and defends a naturalistic understanding of religion that emphasizes nature. He thinks that this view is a good alternative for those who do not want to choose theism or atheism. In the minimal model, the qualities of power and goodness in the personal God are attributed to the divinity in nature. According to Stone, the minimal model meets the spiritual needs in life while also providing a naturalistic philosophy with a non-metaphysical God in this world. He argues that he offers an alternative understanding of religion by softening the strict divinity of theism with a concept of God that can be defended within a naturalistic framework, rather than a concept of God that includes metaphysical elements. Stone argues that the minimal model of transcendence may not be satisfactory for everyone, but it can be a religious alternative for those who want to gain the transcendent dimension in life. The Minimal model of transcendence basically tries to preserve the concept of transcendence in nature, and, on the other hand, it explains the nature and this world without exceeding the ontological limits in the experiences of transcendence or by preserving the limits in claims that cannot be proven naturalistically. In Stones minimal model of transcendence in religious naturalism, openness to the possibilities that will occur is important. The main problem for Stones naturalistic perspective is whether the object of religious orientation is the whole of nature or a part of it. If it is a part of the universe, it is a creative process within the universe or the sum of creative elements. In terms of religious naturalism, it is necessary to redefine how the concept of God is conceived within a naturalist framework in minimal thought, centered on nature, and beyond the traditional meaning of this concept. In Stones minimal model of transcendence, it can be said that the God-nature-human relationship is transferred to the nature-human relationship by attributing sacredness to nature. In Stones understanding of religion, there is the problem of which divine qualities the object of non-metaphysical religious orientation will have. The article discusses what kind of a being nature is, what the divine powers in nature are, and the possibility of creating a religious understanding without defending any concept of God in a minimal religious understanding. In addition, the compatibility of various understandings of God with minimal religious naturalism and what it means to be religious in a minimal religious understanding are evaluated.

 Jerome A. Stone dinî natüralizm konusunda çalışan din felsefecilerinden biridir. Dinî natüralizm düşüncesi çerçevesinde minimalist bir din anlayışını savunması ile öne çıkmaktadır. Makalede Stoneun dinî natüralizm ekseninde savunduğu minimal aşkınlık modeli incelenmekte ve değerlendirilmektedir. Öncelikle Stoneun dinî natüralizm felsefesine değinilmekte, sonrasında minimal aşkınlık modeline yer verilmektedir. Stone, felsefesi açısından temelde doğanın insan yaşamındaki önemine dikkat çekmektedir. Doğayı aşkın ve kutsal kabul ederek doğanın tüm inançlarımızı, düşüncelerimizi etkileyecek şekilde yeniden yorumlanmasına vurgu yapmaktadır. Ona göre Tanrı ile ilgili düşüncelerde de doğa etkili bir rol oynar. Stoneun doğayı aşkın ve dinî bir çerçevede ele alması, onun minimalist din anlayışının kurucu unsurlarını oluşturmaktadır. Stone metafizik olan herhangi bir tanrısallığı reddederek doğaya vurgu yapılan natüralist bir din anlayışını savunur. Bu görüşün, din anlayışları arasında teizmi ya da ateizmi seçmek istemeyenler için iyi bir alternatif olduğunu düşünmektedir. Minimal din anlayışında, zati Tanrının güç ve iyiliğe sahip olması nitelikleri doğadaki tanrısallığa atfedilmektedir. Stonea göre minimal din anlayışıyla insan, yaşamdaki spiritüel ihtiyaçlarını karşılarken, bir yandan da bu dünya düzleminde metafizik olmayan bir Tanrı anlayışı ile natüralist felsefeyi de korumuş olmaktadır. Minimal modelde, metafiziksel ögeler barındıran bir Tanrı anlayışından ziyade, natüralist çerçevede savunulabilecek bir Tanrı tasavvuru ile teizmin öne sürdüğü katı tanrısallığın hafifletilerek alternatif bir din anlayışının savunulduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Stone, minimal aşkınlık modelinin herkes için tatmin edici olmayabileceğini, ancak yaşamdaki aşkın boyutu kazanmak isteyenler için dinî olarak bir seçenek olabileceğini savunmaktadır. Minimal aşkınlık modeli en temelde doğada var olan aşkınlık kavramını korumaya çalışırken, bir yandan da aşkın olanın birtakım tecrübelerinde, doğayı ve bu alemin ontolojik sınırlarını aşmadan ya da natüralist çerçeve ekseninde ispatlanamayacak iddialarda sınırları koruyarak açıklamaya yapmaya çalışmaktadır. Stoneun dinî natüralizm anlayışındaki minimal aşkınlık modelinde, aşkınlığın tek bir varlığı işaret etmeden çoğulculuğa vurgu yapması ile değerlerin peşinden koşmanın ve bu arayışın önemi çerçevesinde, gerçekleşecek olasılıklara açık olma hali öne çıkmaktadır. Stoneun natüralist bakış açısı için temel problem, dinî yönelimin nesnesinin doğanın bütünü mü yoksa onun bir parçası mı olduğudur. Eğer evrenin bir parçası ise evrenin içindeki yaratıcı bir süreç mi yoksa yaratıcı unsurların toplamı mı olduğu tartışılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede minimal aşkınlık modelinde Tanrı tasavvurunun nasıl olduğu açıklanmakta ve bu kavramın geleneksel anlamının ötesinde yeniden tanımlandığında ortaya çıkacak problemlere değinilmektedir. Stoneun minimalist aşkınlık modelinde Tanrı-doğa-insan ilişkisinin kurulmasında, doğaya kutsallık atfedilerek bu üçlü yapının doğa-insan ilişkisine taşındığı söylenebilir. Stoneun din anlayışında metafizik olmayan herhangi bir dinî yönelimin nesnesinin hangi tanrısal niteliklere sahip olacağı problemi bulunmaktadır. Makalede doğanın nasıl bir varlık olduğu, doğadaki tanrısal güçlerin neler olduğu ve minimal din anlayışında herhangi Tanrı kavramını savunmadan din anlayışı oluşturmanın imkânı tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca minimal dini natüralizmle çeşitli Tanrı anlayışlarının uyumu ve minimal din anlayışında dindar olmanın ne anlama geldiği değerlendirilmeye çalışılmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Jerome A. Stone’s Minimal Model of Transcendence

Yazarlar:

Elif Ünlü

Yayıncı:

Mus Alparslan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Felsefesi

Dergi:

Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.7 Issue 2, pp.217-228

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336794

pISSN:

2667-7717

Philosophy of Religion

Religious Naturalism

Minimalism

God

Nature

TranscendenceDin Felsefesi

Dinî Natüralizm

Minimalizm

Tanrı

Doğa

Aşkınlık

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Elif Ünlü

Yayıncı: Mus Alparslan University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Felsefesi

Dergi: Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.7 Issue 2, pp.217-228

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001336794

pISSN: 2667-7717

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Elif Ünlü

Yayıncı:

Mus Alparslan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Felsefesi

Dergi:

Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.7 Issue 2, pp.217-228

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336794

pISSN:

2667-7717