Incidents of Fire-set Live Animals in Mongol Sieges of the Chinggis Khagan Period from Historical and Psychological Perspectives

Çetin Kaya

Makale detayları

Incidents of Fire-set Live Animals in Mongol Sieges of the Chinggis Khagan Period from Historical and Psychological Perspectives

Yazarlar:

Çetin Kaya

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Şarkiyat Mecmuası Issue 45, pp.137-151

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001331156

pISSN:

1307-5020

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Peoples use of animals for various needs dates back to ancient times. Although nutrition is the primary need, their scope of use has begun to expand over time. Animals were used as an element of superiority in the struggles of people. Animals have various emotions. One of these emotions is fear. Over time, animals sense of fear has been turned into a weapon by humans. The most striking example of this was the siege of Beijing, which the Mongols conducted between 1211 and 1214. This event is described in detail in at work written by Mongolian author Saghang Sechen in 1662. According to this work, while the Mongols were besieging Beijing, the Jin Emperor made a peace offer to Chinggis Khagan on the advice of his advisors. Therefore, Chinggis Khagan stated that he would lift the siege if 10,000 swallows and a thousand cats were given to him. The Jin Emperor accepted this request. However, the Mongols tied cotton to the feet of the swallows and wrapped cotton around the tails of the cats. Then they set the flammable materials on fire. The animals ran for their lives toward their nests in the city. Thus, they caused the wooden structures there catch fire. After this incident, the city surrendered. As a result, the Jin Emperor gave his daughter to Chinggis Khagan and established a friendship with him. This study focuses on the confirmation of this event in Saghang Sechens work through historical chronicles and their psychological aspects.

 Peoples use of animals for various needs dates back to ancient times. Although nutrition is the primary need, their scope of use has begun to expand over time. Animals were used as an element of superiority in the struggles of people. Animals have various emotions. One of these emotions is fear. Over time, animals sense of fear has been turned into a weapon by humans. The most striking example of this was the siege of Beijing, which the Mongols conducted between 1211 and 1214. This event is described in detail in at work written by Mongolian author Saghang Sechen in 1662. According to this work, while the Mongols were besieging Beijing, the Jin Emperor made a peace offer to Chinggis Khagan on the advice of his advisors. Therefore, Chinggis Khagan stated that he would lift the siege if 10,000 swallows and a thousand cats were given to him. The Jin Emperor accepted this request. However, the Mongols tied cotton to the feet of the swallows and wrapped cotton around the tails of the cats. Then they set the flammable materials on fire. The animals ran for their lives toward their nests in the city. Thus, they caused the wooden structures there catch fire. After this incident, the city surrendered. As a result, the Jin Emperor gave his daughter to Chinggis Khagan and established a friendship with him. This study focuses on the confirmation of this event in Saghang Sechens work through historical chronicles and their psychological aspects.

 Peoples use of animals for various needs dates back to ancient times. Although nutrition is the primary need, their scope of use has begun to expand over time. Animals were used as an element of superiority in the struggles of people. Animals have various emotions. One of these emotions is fear. Over time, animals sense of fear has been turned into a weapon by humans. The most striking example of this was the siege of Beijing, which the Mongols conducted between 1211 and 1214. This event is described in detail in at work written by Mongolian author Saghang Sechen in 1662. According to this work, while the Mongols were besieging Beijing, the Jin Emperor made a peace offer to Chinggis Khagan on the advice of his advisors. Therefore, Chinggis Khagan stated that he would lift the siege if 10,000 swallows and a thousand cats were given to him. The Jin Emperor accepted this request. However, the Mongols tied cotton to the feet of the swallows and wrapped cotton around the tails of the cats. Then they set the flammable materials on fire. The animals ran for their lives toward their nests in the city. Thus, they caused the wooden structures there catch fire. After this incident, the city surrendered. As a result, the Jin Emperor gave his daughter to Chinggis Khagan and established a friendship with him. This study focuses on the confirmation of this event in Saghang Sechens work through historical chronicles and their psychological aspects.

 İnsanların hayvanları çeşitli ihtiyaçları için kullanmaya başlamaları çok eskiye dayanmaktadır. Bu ihtiyaçların başında beslenme gelmesine rağmen zamanla kullanım alanları genişlemeye başlamıştır. Hayvanlar, insanların birbirlerine karşı verdikleri mücadelelerde üstünlük unsuru olarak kullanılmışlardır. Çoğu canlı gibi hayvanların da çeşitli duygulara sahip oldukları bilinmektedir. Bu duygulardan biri de korkudur. Zamanla hayvanların korku duygusu insanlar tarafından silaha dönüştürülmüştür. Bunun en çarpıcı örneği de Moğolların 1211-1214 yılları arasında gerçekleştirdikleri Pekin kuşatmalarında görülmüştür. 1662 yılında Moğol müellif Sagan Seçen tarafından yazılan eserde bu olay ayrıntılı şekilde anlatılmaktadır. Esere göre, Moğollar Pekin şehrini kuşattıkları sırada, Jin İmparatoru müşavirlerinin tavsiyesi üzerine Çinggis Kagana sulh teklifinde bulunmuştur. Çinggis Kagan da eğer kendisine on bin kırlangıç ve bin adet kedi verilirse kuşatmayı kaldıracağını iletmiştir. Jin İmparatoru bu isteği kabul etmiş ve ona istediklerini vermiştir. Ancak Moğollar getirilen kırlangıçların ayaklarına kumaşlar bağlamış, kedilerin de kuyruklarına pamuklar sarmıştır. Ardından da bu yanıcı maddeleri ateşe vermişler. Ateşten duydukları şiddetli korkuyla serbest bırakılan hayvanlar can havliyle şehirde bulunan yuvalarına doğru kaçmışlardır. Böylece oradaki ahşap yapıların alev almasını sağlamışlardır. Bu olayın ardından savunma gücü kırılan şehir teslim olmuştur. Neticede Jin İmparatoru kızını Çinggis Kagana vererek onunla dostluk tesis etmiştir. Yapmış olduğumuz çalışma Sagan Seçenin eserinde geçen bu olayın tarihi kroniklerce teyidi ve psikolojik yönlerine odaklanmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Incidents of Fire-set Live Animals in Mongol Sieges of the Chinggis Khagan Period from Historical and Psychological Perspectives

Yazarlar:

Çetin Kaya

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Şarkiyat Mecmuası Issue 45, pp.137-151

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001331156

pISSN:

1307-5020

Mongols

Siege of Beijing

Psychological Warfare

Animal MassacreMoğollar

Pekin Kuşatması

Psikolojik Harp

Hayvan Katliamı

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Çetin Kaya

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi: Şarkiyat Mecmuası Issue 45, pp.137-151

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001331156

pISSN: 1307-5020

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Çetin Kaya

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Şarkiyat Mecmuası Issue 45, pp.137-151

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001331156

pISSN:

1307-5020