A Document Written in Eastern Turkish Written Language Belonging to Shah Hussein, the Ruler of the Safavid States

Ali Kök

Makale detayları

A Document Written in Eastern Turkish Written Language Belonging to Shah Hussein, the Ruler of the Safavid States

Yazarlar:

Ali Kök

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Güney-Batı (Oğuz) Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları

Dergi:

Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.165-206

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350585

pISSN:

2148-6743

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 It is known that in the Safavid Empire -also referred to as the Kızılbaşlar, named after the Turkish tribes who founded and sustained the state- divan correspondence was primarily conducted in Persian, though Turkish was also occasionally used. There are documents showing that Turkish was used in internal and external correspondence during this state period. During the Safavid period, which spanned nearly two and a half centuries, Turkish was used in foreign correspondence with Austria, France, Poland, the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian State and the Crimean and Turkestan Khanates. One of the states where Turkish was used as the language of state correspondence was Tsarist Russia. In this study, the introduction, type, copies, format and content features of a document written in the Eastern Turkish written language by Shah Hussein 1694-1722, one of the rulers of the collapse of the Safavids, addressed to the Russian Tsar Peter I 1672-1725, as well as its language and spelling. Particular attention is given to the documents stylistic features and lexicon. Then, the transcription alphabet of the document, its translation into Turkey Turkish and the index of the words in the document are given. Beyond the analysis of this specific document, the study explores the broader reasons for the use of Turkish in Safavid correspondence and reviews existing scholarship on similar documents. In conclusion, the study outlines the key linguistic and stylistic features of Safavid state correspondence based on the findings.

 It is known that in the Safavid Empire -also referred to as the Kızılbaşlar, named after the Turkish tribes who founded and sustained the state- divan correspondence was primarily conducted in Persian, though Turkish was also occasionally used. There are documents showing that Turkish was used in internal and external correspondence during this state period. During the Safavid period, which spanned nearly two and a half centuries, Turkish was used in foreign correspondence with Austria, France, Poland, the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian State and the Crimean and Turkestan Khanates. One of the states where Turkish was used as the language of state correspondence was Tsarist Russia. In this study, the introduction, type, copies, format and content features of a document written in the Eastern Turkish written language by Shah Hussein 1694-1722, one of the rulers of the collapse of the Safavids, addressed to the Russian Tsar Peter I 1672-1725, as well as its language and spelling. Particular attention is given to the documents stylistic features and lexicon. Then, the transcription alphabet of the document, its translation into Turkey Turkish and the index of the words in the document are given. Beyond the analysis of this specific document, the study explores the broader reasons for the use of Turkish in Safavid correspondence and reviews existing scholarship on similar documents. In conclusion, the study outlines the key linguistic and stylistic features of Safavid state correspondence based on the findings.

 It is known that in the Safavid Empire -also referred to as the Kızılbaşlar, named after the Turkish tribes who founded and sustained the state- divan correspondence was primarily conducted in Persian, though Turkish was also occasionally used. There are documents showing that Turkish was used in internal and external correspondence during this state period. During the Safavid period, which spanned nearly two and a half centuries, Turkish was used in foreign correspondence with Austria, France, Poland, the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian State and the Crimean and Turkestan Khanates. One of the states where Turkish was used as the language of state correspondence was Tsarist Russia. In this study, the introduction, type, copies, format and content features of a document written in the Eastern Turkish written language by Shah Hussein 1694-1722, one of the rulers of the collapse of the Safavids, addressed to the Russian Tsar Peter I 1672-1725, as well as its language and spelling. Particular attention is given to the documents stylistic features and lexicon. Then, the transcription alphabet of the document, its translation into Turkey Turkish and the index of the words in the document are given. Beyond the analysis of this specific document, the study explores the broader reasons for the use of Turkish in Safavid correspondence and reviews existing scholarship on similar documents. In conclusion, the study outlines the key linguistic and stylistic features of Safavid state correspondence based on the findings.

 Devleti kurup ayakta tutarak yaşamasını sağlayan Türk oymaklarının adından dolayı Kızılbaşlar olarak da bilinen Safevî Devletinin sarayında divan yazışmalarının genellikle Farsça, kimi zaman ise Türkçe yapıldığı bilinmektedir. Türkçenin bu devlet döneminde iç ve dış yazışmalarda kullanıldığını gösteren belgeler mevcuttur. Devletlerinin siyasi ömürlerinin iki buçuk asra yakın sürdüğü Safevîler döneminde Türkçe; Avusturya, Fransa, Lehistan, Osmanlı, Venedik Devleti ile Kırım ve Türkistan Hanlıkları ile yapılan dış yazışmalarda kullanılmıştır. Türkçenin devlet yazışma dili olarak kullanıldığı devletlerden biri de Çarlık Rusyasıdır. Bu çalışmada Safevîlerin çöküş dönemi hükümdarlarından Şah Hüseyin 1694-1722 tarafından Rus çarı I. Petroya 1672-1725 hitaben Doğu Türk yazı dili ile kaleme alınan bir belgenin tanıtımı, türü, nüshaları, biçim ve içerik özellikleri ile dil, imla, üslup ve söz varlığı yönünden incelenmesi yapılmıştır. Ardından da belgenin çeviri yazı alfabesi, Türkiye Türkçesine aktarımı ve belgede geçen kelimelerin dizini verilmiştir. Tanıtımı yapılan belgenin incelenmesinin yanı sıra Safevî Devleti yazışmalarında Türkçenin nerelerde kullanıldığı, kullanım nedenleri, bu belgeler üzerine yapılan çalışmalardan bahsedilmiştir. Sonuç kısmında ise elde edilen bulgular ışığında Safevî Devletinin devlet yazışma dili ve üslubuna dair özellikler verilmiştir.

Makale detayları

A Document Written in Eastern Turkish Written Language Belonging to Shah Hussein, the Ruler of the Safavid States

Yazarlar:

Ali Kök

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Güney-Batı (Oğuz) Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları

Dergi:

Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.165-206

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350585

pISSN:

2148-6743

Safavid State

Tsarist Russia

state correspondence language

Turkish

nameSafevî Devleti

Çarlık Rusyası

devlet yazışma dili

Türkçe

nâme

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ali Kök

Yayıncı: Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar: Güney-Batı (Oğuz) Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları

Dergi: Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.165-206

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001350585

pISSN: 2148-6743

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ali Kök

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Güney-Batı (Oğuz) Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları

Dergi:

Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.165-206

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350585

pISSN:

2148-6743