An Unknown Decree from the Seljuk-Ilkhanid Period

Osman Özgüdenli

Makale detayları

An Unknown Decree from the Seljuk-Ilkhanid Period

Yazarlar:

Osman Özgüdenli

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk Halkları ve Toplulukları

Dergi:

Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.289-326

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350591

pISSN:

2148-6743

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Only a limited number of documents from the medieval Turkish-Islamic states have survived to the present day. In this study, a Persian decree mithāl from the Seljuk-Ilkhanid period will be introduced, published, translated and evaluated for the first time. The decree was written in 6871288 and is the only original decree known to have survived from the Anatolian Seljuks. Today it is kept in the Presidency Ottoman Archive Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi in Istanbul. The decree was written in dīwānī script on 10 Rajab 687 10 August 1288. The upper part of the decree is missing and only the last twenty-four lines have survived. The decree is sealed with an 8.3 x 8.7 cm al-tamgha red seal. This shows that the decrees issued in the Anatolian Seljuk State during Mongolian rule were sealed with the al-tamgha, which is understood to have been given by the Ilkhanid rulers. It also reveals that the diplomatic traditions of the Anatolian Seljuk State have some common points with the diplomatic traditions of the Ilkhanate. The decree also shows that the diplomatic traditions of the Anatolian Seljuks, with its own characteristics, are actually the continuation of the Great Seljuk Empires diplomatic traditions. The use of Turkish titles and nicknames that reflect the traces of the old Turkish state traditions in the decree also reveal the traces of the Seljuk state organization and diplomacy. In addition, this decree gives hope that further original documents from the Anatolian Seljuk-Ilkhanid period can be added to the official documents we have.

 Only a limited number of documents from the medieval Turkish-Islamic states have survived to the present day. In this study, a Persian decree mithāl from the Seljuk-Ilkhanid period will be introduced, published, translated and evaluated for the first time. The decree was written in 6871288 and is the only original decree known to have survived from the Anatolian Seljuks. Today it is kept in the Presidency Ottoman Archive Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi in Istanbul. The decree was written in dīwānī script on 10 Rajab 687 10 August 1288. The upper part of the decree is missing and only the last twenty-four lines have survived. The decree is sealed with an 8.3 x 8.7 cm al-tamgha red seal. This shows that the decrees issued in the Anatolian Seljuk State during Mongolian rule were sealed with the al-tamgha, which is understood to have been given by the Ilkhanid rulers. It also reveals that the diplomatic traditions of the Anatolian Seljuk State have some common points with the diplomatic traditions of the Ilkhanate. The decree also shows that the diplomatic traditions of the Anatolian Seljuks, with its own characteristics, are actually the continuation of the Great Seljuk Empires diplomatic traditions. The use of Turkish titles and nicknames that reflect the traces of the old Turkish state traditions in the decree also reveal the traces of the Seljuk state organization and diplomacy. In addition, this decree gives hope that further original documents from the Anatolian Seljuk-Ilkhanid period can be added to the official documents we have.

 Only a limited number of documents from the medieval Turkish-Islamic states have survived to the present day. In this study, a Persian decree mithāl from the Seljuk-Ilkhanid period will be introduced, published, translated and evaluated for the first time. The decree was written in 6871288 and is the only original decree known to have survived from the Anatolian Seljuks. Today it is kept in the Presidency Ottoman Archive Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi in Istanbul. The decree was written in dīwānī script on 10 Rajab 687 10 August 1288. The upper part of the decree is missing and only the last twenty-four lines have survived. The decree is sealed with an 8.3 x 8.7 cm al-tamgha red seal. This shows that the decrees issued in the Anatolian Seljuk State during Mongolian rule were sealed with the al-tamgha, which is understood to have been given by the Ilkhanid rulers. It also reveals that the diplomatic traditions of the Anatolian Seljuk State have some common points with the diplomatic traditions of the Ilkhanate. The decree also shows that the diplomatic traditions of the Anatolian Seljuks, with its own characteristics, are actually the continuation of the Great Seljuk Empires diplomatic traditions. The use of Turkish titles and nicknames that reflect the traces of the old Turkish state traditions in the decree also reveal the traces of the Seljuk state organization and diplomacy. In addition, this decree gives hope that further original documents from the Anatolian Seljuk-Ilkhanid period can be added to the official documents we have.

 Ortaçağ Türk-İslȃm devletlerine ait ancak sınırlı sayıdaki belge zamanın yok edici tahribatından kurtularak günümüze ulaşma imkȃnı bulabilmiştir. Bu çalışmada da ilk defa tanıtılarak, neşir, tercüme ve değerlendirmesi yapılacak olan Selçuklu-İlhanlı devrine ait Farsça bir ferman misȃl da bu cümledendir. 6871288 yılında kaleme alınan ve bugün Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivinde muhafaza edilmekte olan bu belge, Selçuklu dîvȃnından çıkan ve günümüze ulaşan yegȃne orijinal ferman durumundadır. 10 Receb 68710 Ağustos 1288 tarihinde kaleme alınan ferman, dîvȃnî yazı ile yazılmıştır. Üst kısmı eksik olan fermanın ancak son yirmi dört satırı günümüze ulaşmıştır. Ferman 8,3 x 8,7 cm ebadında bir al-tamga ile mühürlenmiştir. Bu durum İlhanlı hȃkimiyeti döneminde, Türkiye Selçuklu Devletinde yayınlanan fermanların İlhanlı hükümdarları tarafından verildiği anlaşılan al-tamga ile mühürlendiğini göstermektedir. Yine Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti diplomatik geleneklerinin, İlhanlı diplomatik gelenekleri ile bazı ortak noktalara sahip olduğunu da ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte ferman, kendine özgü karakteristik özellikleri bulunan Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti diplomatik geleneklerinin gerçekte Büyük Selçuklu diplomatik geleneklerinin devamı niteliğinde olduğunu da göstermektedir. Yine fermanda eski Türk devlet gelenekleri yansıtan Türkçe ünvan ve lakapların kullanılması, Türk kültürünün Selçuklu devlet teşkilȃtı ve diplomatikasındaki izlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu ferman, Selçuklu-İlhanlı devrine ait orijinal belgelerin sayısının artabileceği göstermekte ve elimizde bulunan resmî vesikalara yenilerinin eklenebileceğine dair umutlarımızı taze tutmaktadır.

Makale detayları

An Unknown Decree from the Seljuk-Ilkhanid Period

Yazarlar:

Osman Özgüdenli

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk Halkları ve Toplulukları

Dergi:

Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.289-326

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350591

pISSN:

2148-6743

Anatolian Seljuks

Ilkhanate

Al-Tamgha

Decree (Mithāl)

Seljuk Diplomatics

Vizier Fahr al-Dīn Sāhib Ata

Amīr QalāghāyTürkiye Selçuklu Devleti

İlhanlılar

Al-Tamga

Ferman (Misȃl)

Selçuklu Diplomatikası

Vezîr Fahru’d-dîn Sȃhib Ata

Emîr Kalȃgȃy

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Osman Özgüdenli

Yayıncı: Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar: Türk Halkları ve Toplulukları

Dergi: Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.289-326

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001350591

pISSN: 2148-6743

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Osman Özgüdenli

Yayıncı:

Marmara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk Halkları ve Toplulukları

Dergi:

Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.289-326

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001350591

pISSN:

2148-6743