Salary Promotions from Fiqh Perspective and Alternative Product Suggestion for Participation Finance System: Qardh Limit

Münir Yaşar Kaya; Doğan Öztürk

Makale detayları

Salary Promotions from Fiqh Perspective and Alternative Product Suggestion for Participation Finance System: Qardh Limit

Yazarlar:

Münir Yaşar Kaya | Doğan Öztürk

Yayıncı:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Katılım Bankacılığı | İslami Mikrofinans | İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.359-392

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305286

pISSN:

2757-8399

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The banking and commercial system is based on business and profit maximization. Therefore, banks can increase their business capacity and grow to the extent that they can increase the number of their customers and manage their customers financial savings. Different strategies and campaigns can be developed to increase customer potential. The application known today as salary promotion is a product developed for this purpose and implemented by banks. Banks give promotions under the name of rewards, grants or gifts to private or public employees who open a salary account and to individuals who are granted retirement rights by the Social Security System SGK. In addition to this reward, some banks also add points to credit cards. The bank offers services such as special loans, credit cards, insurance and pension funds to its customers. The word promotion, which came into our language from French, can generally be defined as all the work done to promote a product to large audiences and to ensure the release of that product. In the finance sector, the contributions made by banks to institutions in order to promote their products and services and make them available for use are included in this scope. In exchange for product and service promotions to be made within the framework of the salary payment protocol, cash payment to institutions andor institution personnel, granting allocation of the use of vehicles belonging to the Bank or transfer of ownership of these vehicles, invoicing the construction, renovation, repair and decoration costs of the institution to the Bank. Payment by bank etc. Various contributions are provided. For all these works and transactions, banks provide benefits to the institutions in a broad sense. These benefits are called promotions in the banking sector. In its current form, the promotion practice does not comply with the criteria of Participation banking, which continues its activities within the current financial sector but excludes the activities prohibited by Islam, and for this reason it is approved by advisory boards. Therefore, many participation banks cannot participate in the race to attract customers thanks to the promotional payments of conventional banks, and their share in the financial sector cannot improve in this context. On the other hand, the public asks questions to many fiqh academics working in Turkey in this context and demands a solution to this issue. However, when it became obvious that the promotion practice involved interest, it was seen that the fatwa authority gave negative answers. However, neither participation banks nor advisory boards can produce alternative solutions to the current practice. The second possibility, which will enable participation banks to both comply with Participation Finance criteria and enable people to choose participation banks for salaries, is possible with new applications that will be developed independently of the promotion. One of the products that can be developed in this context is the Karz Limit application. The basis of the system to be developed is karz-ı hasen, which is a completely interest-free practice and is called a good debt, encouraged by verses and hadiths, which is the basis of participation finance criteria. As is known, qard al-hasan obliges the payment of the amount accrued as a debt in the dhimmah, and prohibits taking an extra amount due to the said debt, which has no counterpart. In this context, the starting point of the product is to promise qard-ı hasen instead of promotion in order to encourage retirees who are asked to choose the participation bank to receive their salaries. The study aims to examine in detail the fiqh dimension of the currently implemented promotion practice for employees and to make a detailed analysis of its inappropriate aspects in this respect, as well as to develop a suitable and applicable product in terms of participation finance strategy and jurisprudence. In this way, an alternative product is being developed for people from the Turkish society who live their lives in accordance with Islamic rules. In this way, people will be able to receive the earnings they deserve using a more convenient way.

 Bankacılık ve ticaret sistemi işletme ve kâr maksimizasyonunu sağlamak üzerine kuruludur. Dolayısıyla bankalar müşteri sayısını artırabildiği ve müşterilerinin finansal birikimlerini yönetebildikleri oranda kendi işletme kapasitelerini artırabilmekte ve büyüyebilmektedir. Müşteri potansiyelini artırmak amacıyla ise farklı stratejiler ve kampanyalar geliştirilebilmektedir. Günümüzde maaş promosyonu olarak bilinen uygulama da bu amaç doğrultusunda geliştirilmiş ve bankalar tarafından uygulamaya konulmuş olan bir üründür. Bankalar, maaş hesabı açtıran kamu çalışanı ile Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu SGK tarafından emeklilik hakkı verilmiş bireylere ödül, hibe veya hediye adı altında promosyon vermektedir. Bazı bankalar bu ödüle ek olarak kredi kartlarına para puan da yüklemektedir. Ayrıca banka tarafından müşterilerine özel krediler, kredi kartları, sigorta ve emeklilik poliçeleri gibi hizmetler de sunulmaktadır. Promosyon Fransızca kökenli bir kelimedir ve bir ürünün geniş kitlelere tanıtılması ve sürümünün gerçekleştirilebilmesi amacıyla yapılan çalışmaların tamamını ifade eder. Finans sektörü içerisinde ise bankaların ürün ve hizmetlerinin kullandırılması ve tanıtılması amacıyla kişilerin maddi açıdan lehine olabilecek her türlü kazandırmayı ifade etmektedir. Maaş ödemesi ve yapılacak ürünhizmet tanıtımları karşılığında kurumların kendisi ya da personeline emtia tahsisi, nakit ödeme gibi kazandırmalar bu kapsamda değerlendirilmektedir. Bankaların yapmış olduğu bu kazandırmalara, finans sektöründe promosyon adı verilmektedir. Mevcut konvansiyonel sistemde uygulanan haliyle promosyon uygulaması güncel finans sektörü içerisinde İslâmın uygun gördüğü kurallar çerçevesinde sürdüren katılım finans sektörü için belirlenen kriterlere uymadığı kabul edilmekte ve bu sebeple konvansiyoneldeki biçimi danışma kurulları tarafından onaylanmamaktadır. Dolayısıyla birçok katılım finans kurumu konvansiyonel bankaların promosyon ödemeleri sayesinde müşteri çekme yarışına dahil olamamakta ve katılım finans kurumlarının finans sektörü içerisindeki payının büyümesine engel sebeplerden biri olarak görülmektedir. Öte yandan Türkiyede görev yapmakta olan din görevlileri ve ilahiyat hocalarına halk tarafından bu bağlamda sorular yöneltilmekte ve buna dair çözüm üretilmesi talep edilmektedir. Ancak promosyon uygulamasında faiz ihtimalinin bulunduğuna dair kanaat sebebiyle çoğunlukla olumsuz cevaplar verildiği görülmektedir. Bununla beraber mevcut uygulamaya ne katılım finans kurumları tarafından ne de danışma kurulları tarafından alternatif çözüm üretilememektedir. Katılım finans kurumlarının hem katılım finans kriterlerine uygun hem de kişilerin katılım finans kurumunu maaş için tercih etmesini sağlayacak ikinci ihtimal ise promosyondan bağımsız geliştirilecek yeni uygulamalar ile mümkündür. Bu bağlamda geliştirilebilecek ürünlerden biri Karz Limiti uygulamasıdır. Geliştirilecek sistemin temelinde tamamen faizsiz bir uygulama olan ve katılım finans kriterlerinin dayanağı olan ayet ve hadislerle teşvik edilerek güzel borç olarak adlandırılan karz-ı hasen bulunmaktadır. Malum olduğu üzere karz-ı hasen zimmette borç olarak tahakkuk eden miktarın aynıyla ödenmesini içeren bir uygulamadır. İslâm bunun dışında herhangi bir karşılığı bulunmayan ve bahsi geçen borç sebebiyle fazladan alınan miktarı faiz olacağından dolayı yasaklamaktadır. Bu kapsamda maaşını almak üzere katılım finans kurumunu tercih etmesi istenen emekli ve çalışanları teşvik etmek üzere promosyon yerine karz-ı hasen vaadinde bulunmak ürünün çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma hali hazırda uygulanmakta olan çalışanlara yönelik promosyonun fıkhi boyutunu detaylı şekilde incelemenin ve bu açıdan uygun olmayan yönlerin detaylı analizini yapmanın yanı sıra katılım finans stratejisi ile fıkhi açıdan uygun ve uygulanabilir bir ürün geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu sayede toplum içerisinden İslâmi hükümlere uygun hareket ederek yaşamını sürdüren insanlara da alternatif bir ürün geliştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Böylelikle kişilerin hak ettikleri kazançlarını daha meşru yolla alabilmeleri sağlanabilecektir.

 The banking and commercial system is based on business and profit maximization. Therefore, banks can increase their business capacity and grow to the extent that they can increase the number of their customers and manage their customers financial savings. Different strategies and campaigns can be developed to increase customer potential. The application known today as salary promotion is a product developed for this purpose and implemented by banks. Banks give promotions under the name of rewards, grants or gifts to private or public employees who open a salary account and to individuals who are granted retirement rights by the Social Security System SGK. In addition to this reward, some banks also add points to credit cards. The bank offers services such as special loans, credit cards, insurance and pension funds to its customers. The word promotion, which came into our language from French, can generally be defined as all the work done to promote a product to large audiences and to ensure the release of that product. In the finance sector, the contributions made by banks to institutions in order to promote their products and services and make them available for use are included in this scope. In exchange for product and service promotions to be made within the framework of the salary payment protocol, cash payment to institutions andor institution personnel, granting allocation of the use of vehicles belonging to the Bank or transfer of ownership of these vehicles, invoicing the construction, renovation, repair and decoration costs of the institution to the Bank. Payment by bank etc. Various contributions are provided. For all these works and transactions, banks provide benefits to the institutions in a broad sense. These benefits are called promotions in the banking sector. In its current form, the promotion practice does not comply with the criteria of Participation banking, which continues its activities within the current financial sector but excludes the activities prohibited by Islam, and for this reason it is approved by advisory boards. Therefore, many participation banks cannot participate in the race to attract customers thanks to the promotional payments of conventional banks, and their share in the financial sector cannot improve in this context. On the other hand, the public asks questions to many fiqh academics working in Turkey in this context and demands a solution to this issue. However, when it became obvious that the promotion practice involved interest, it was seen that the fatwa authority gave negative answers. However, neither participation banks nor advisory boards can produce alternative solutions to the current practice. The second possibility, which will enable participation banks to both comply with Participation Finance criteria and enable people to choose participation banks for salaries, is possible with new applications that will be developed independently of the promotion. One of the products that can be developed in this context is the Karz Limit application. The basis of the system to be developed is karz-ı hasen, which is a completely interest-free practice and is called a good debt, encouraged by verses and hadiths, which is the basis of participation finance criteria. As is known, qard al-hasan obliges the payment of the amount accrued as a debt in the dhimmah, and prohibits taking an extra amount due to the said debt, which has no counterpart. In this context, the starting point of the product is to promise qard-ı hasen instead of promotion in order to encourage retirees who are asked to choose the participation bank to receive their salaries. The study aims to examine in detail the fiqh dimension of the currently implemented promotion practice for employees and to make a detailed analysis of its inappropriate aspects in this respect, as well as to develop a suitable and applicable product in terms of participation finance strategy and jurisprudence. In this way, an alternative product is being developed for people from the Turkish society who live their lives in accordance with Islamic rules. In this way, people will be able to receive the earnings they deserve using a more convenient way.

 The banking and commercial system is based on business and profit maximization. Therefore, banks can increase their business capacity and grow to the extent that they can increase the number of their customers and manage their customers financial savings. Different strategies and campaigns can be developed to increase customer potential. The application known today as salary promotion is a product developed for this purpose and implemented by banks. Banks give promotions under the name of rewards, grants or gifts to private or public employees who open a salary account and to individuals who are granted retirement rights by the Social Security System SGK. In addition to this reward, some banks also add points to credit cards. The bank offers services such as special loans, credit cards, insurance and pension funds to its customers. The word promotion, which came into our language from French, can generally be defined as all the work done to promote a product to large audiences and to ensure the release of that product. In the finance sector, the contributions made by banks to institutions in order to promote their products and services and make them available for use are included in this scope. In exchange for product and service promotions to be made within the framework of the salary payment protocol, cash payment to institutions andor institution personnel, granting allocation of the use of vehicles belonging to the Bank or transfer of ownership of these vehicles, invoicing the construction, renovation, repair and decoration costs of the institution to the Bank. Payment by bank etc. Various contributions are provided. For all these works and transactions, banks provide benefits to the institutions in a broad sense. These benefits are called promotions in the banking sector. In its current form, the promotion practice does not comply with the criteria of Participation banking, which continues its activities within the current financial sector but excludes the activities prohibited by Islam, and for this reason it is approved by advisory boards. Therefore, many participation banks cannot participate in the race to attract customers thanks to the promotional payments of conventional banks, and their share in the financial sector cannot improve in this context. On the other hand, the public asks questions to many fiqh academics working in Turkey in this context and demands a solution to this issue. However, when it became obvious that the promotion practice involved interest, it was seen that the fatwa authority gave negative answers. However, neither participation banks nor advisory boards can produce alternative solutions to the current practice. The second possibility, which will enable participation banks to both comply with Participation Finance criteria and enable people to choose participation banks for salaries, is possible with new applications that will be developed independently of the promotion. One of the products that can be developed in this context is the Karz Limit application. The basis of the system to be developed is karz-ı hasen, which is a completely interest-free practice and is called a good debt, encouraged by verses and hadiths, which is the basis of participation finance criteria. As is known, qard al-hasan obliges the payment of the amount accrued as a debt in the dhimmah, and prohibits taking an extra amount due to the said debt, which has no counterpart. In this context, the starting point of the product is to promise qard-ı hasen instead of promotion in order to encourage retirees who are asked to choose the participation bank to receive their salaries. The study aims to examine in detail the fiqh dimension of the currently implemented promotion practice for employees and to make a detailed analysis of its inappropriate aspects in this respect, as well as to develop a suitable and applicable product in terms of participation finance strategy and jurisprudence. In this way, an alternative product is being developed for people from the Turkish society who live their lives in accordance with Islamic rules. In this way, people will be able to receive the earnings they deserve using a more convenient way.

Makale detayları

Salary Promotions from Fiqh Perspective and Alternative Product Suggestion for Participation Finance System: Qardh Limit

Yazarlar:

Münir Yaşar Kaya | Doğan Öztürk

Yayıncı:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Katılım Bankacılığı | İslami Mikrofinans | İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.359-392

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305286

pISSN:

2757-8399

Fıqh

Participation Finance

Banking

Promotion

QardhFıkıh

Katılım Finans

Bankacılık

Promosyon

Karz

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Münir Yaşar Kaya | Doğan Öztürk

Yayıncı: Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar: Katılım Bankacılığı | İslami Mikrofinans | İslam Hukuku

Dergi: Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.359-392

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001305286

pISSN: 2757-8399

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Münir Yaşar Kaya | Doğan Öztürk

Yayıncı:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Katılım Bankacılığı | İslami Mikrofinans | İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.359-392

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001305286

pISSN:

2757-8399