Shiite Exegete Sayyid Abdullah Shubbar and His Tafsir al-Jawhar al-Samîn

Cengiz İder

Makale detayları

Shiite Exegete Sayyid Abdullah Shubbar and His Tafsir al-Jawhar al-Samîn

Yazarlar:

Cengiz İder

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.443-464

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341582

pISSN:

2147-8171

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Quran, the final divine scripture sent by Allah to humanity, has been the subject of countless studies across various disciplines throughout history, and such scholarly endeavors continue to this day. While many exegeses have been written by Sunni scholars adhering to the path of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions, others have been composed by individuals whose interpretations diverge from this tradition. Among these groups, the Shia has, from its inception, undertaken Quranic studies shaped by its doctrinal views. Generally, the Shīa approach to Quranic exegesis revolves around the concept of the Imamate of Ali and his descendants, often leading to strained and unfounded interpretations. This study focuses on the life and work of Sayyid Abdullah Shubbar b. Sayyid Muhammad Rida al-Husayni al-Kazimi, who was born in Najaf in 1188 AH and passed away in 1242 AH. Coming from a scholarly family, Shubbar was a descendant of Ali through lineage and a follower of the Twelver Shia sect in terms of religious affiliation. He began his education under the guidance of his learned father, later studying with various scholars and eventually training numerous students himself. A prolific scholar, Shubbar authored works in fields such as exegesis, jurisprudence, hadith, and lexicography. The scope of this study is confined to Shubbars life and his exegetical work, al-Jawhar al-Samin. The primary focus will be an analysis of this text, with reference to Sunni scholarly perspectives and a concluding evaluation. The study aims to shed light on the views of an influential Shia scholar regarding Quranic sciences, jurisprudence, theology, and related topics, offering insights into the Shia sects interpretive approach. Shia exegetes are notably committed to their sectarian perspectives when interpreting Quranic verses, prioritizing the sayings of the Ahl al-Bayt and the Imams. In cases where conflicting reports existone from the Ahl al-Bayt and another from external sourcesthe Shia generally favor the former, even if its chain of transmission is incomplete. This preference stems from a broader effort to associate Quranic verses with Ali and the Imams. Shia scholars often claim that parts of the Quran referencing Ali and the Imams were removed, asserting textual corruption when no clear evidence supports their sectarian views. Similarly, Shubbars interpretive methodology reflects this tendency. He suggests that the Quran preserved in the Lawh al-Mahfuz Preserved Tablet and with the Imams is intact, while other Quranic texts are not fully preserved. In his exegesis, Shubbar frequently employs the narrational method, relying heavily on reports from the Ahl al-Bayt Imams. He provides extensive discussions on Quranic sciences, variant readings, jurisprudential views, theological matters, and eschatological topics. However, his interpretations often demonstrate sectarian bias, employing strained and unsubstantiated explanations to support Shia doctrines, particularly on issues like Imamate, Wilayah spiritual authority, and Wasiyyah designation of successors. Shubbar frequently seeks to connect verses to the Ahl al-Bayt, even in unrelated contexts, and uses their narrations to reinforce sectarian views. While Shubbar occasionally references Sunni scholars opinions, his priority remains the Shia perspective, which he consistently favors. Nevertheless, he aligns with Sunni scholars on certain points. This study ultimately seeks to elucidate the exegetical methodology of a prominent Shia scholar and explore the theological underpinnings of the Shia sect. It also highlights key differences between Shia and Sunni approaches to Quranic interpretation.

 The Quran, the final divine scripture sent by Allah to humanity, has been the subject of countless studies across various disciplines throughout history, and such scholarly endeavors continue to this day. While many exegeses have been written by Sunni scholars adhering to the path of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions, others have been composed by individuals whose interpretations diverge from this tradition. Among these groups, the Shia has, from its inception, undertaken Quranic studies shaped by its doctrinal views. Generally, the Shīa approach to Quranic exegesis revolves around the concept of the Imamate of Ali and his descendants, often leading to strained and unfounded interpretations. This study focuses on the life and work of Sayyid Abdullah Shubbar b. Sayyid Muhammad Rida al-Husayni al-Kazimi, who was born in Najaf in 1188 AH and passed away in 1242 AH. Coming from a scholarly family, Shubbar was a descendant of Ali through lineage and a follower of the Twelver Shia sect in terms of religious affiliation. He began his education under the guidance of his learned father, later studying with various scholars and eventually training numerous students himself. A prolific scholar, Shubbar authored works in fields such as exegesis, jurisprudence, hadith, and lexicography. The scope of this study is confined to Shubbars life and his exegetical work, al-Jawhar al-Samin. The primary focus will be an analysis of this text, with reference to Sunni scholarly perspectives and a concluding evaluation. The study aims to shed light on the views of an influential Shia scholar regarding Quranic sciences, jurisprudence, theology, and related topics, offering insights into the Shia sects interpretive approach. Shia exegetes are notably committed to their sectarian perspectives when interpreting Quranic verses, prioritizing the sayings of the Ahl al-Bayt and the Imams. In cases where conflicting reports existone from the Ahl al-Bayt and another from external sourcesthe Shia generally favor the former, even if its chain of transmission is incomplete. This preference stems from a broader effort to associate Quranic verses with Ali and the Imams. Shia scholars often claim that parts of the Quran referencing Ali and the Imams were removed, asserting textual corruption when no clear evidence supports their sectarian views. Similarly, Shubbars interpretive methodology reflects this tendency. He suggests that the Quran preserved in the Lawh al-Mahfuz Preserved Tablet and with the Imams is intact, while other Quranic texts are not fully preserved. In his exegesis, Shubbar frequently employs the narrational method, relying heavily on reports from the Ahl al-Bayt Imams. He provides extensive discussions on Quranic sciences, variant readings, jurisprudential views, theological matters, and eschatological topics. However, his interpretations often demonstrate sectarian bias, employing strained and unsubstantiated explanations to support Shia doctrines, particularly on issues like Imamate, Wilayah spiritual authority, and Wasiyyah designation of successors. Shubbar frequently seeks to connect verses to the Ahl al-Bayt, even in unrelated contexts, and uses their narrations to reinforce sectarian views. While Shubbar occasionally references Sunni scholars opinions, his priority remains the Shia perspective, which he consistently favors. Nevertheless, he aligns with Sunni scholars on certain points. This study ultimately seeks to elucidate the exegetical methodology of a prominent Shia scholar and explore the theological underpinnings of the Shia sect. It also highlights key differences between Shia and Sunni approaches to Quranic interpretation.

 The Quran, the final divine scripture sent by Allah to humanity, has been the subject of countless studies across various disciplines throughout history, and such scholarly endeavors continue to this day. While many exegeses have been written by Sunni scholars adhering to the path of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions, others have been composed by individuals whose interpretations diverge from this tradition. Among these groups, the Shia has, from its inception, undertaken Quranic studies shaped by its doctrinal views. Generally, the Shīa approach to Quranic exegesis revolves around the concept of the Imamate of Ali and his descendants, often leading to strained and unfounded interpretations. This study focuses on the life and work of Sayyid Abdullah Shubbar b. Sayyid Muhammad Rida al-Husayni al-Kazimi, who was born in Najaf in 1188 AH and passed away in 1242 AH. Coming from a scholarly family, Shubbar was a descendant of Ali through lineage and a follower of the Twelver Shia sect in terms of religious affiliation. He began his education under the guidance of his learned father, later studying with various scholars and eventually training numerous students himself. A prolific scholar, Shubbar authored works in fields such as exegesis, jurisprudence, hadith, and lexicography. The scope of this study is confined to Shubbars life and his exegetical work, al-Jawhar al-Samin. The primary focus will be an analysis of this text, with reference to Sunni scholarly perspectives and a concluding evaluation. The study aims to shed light on the views of an influential Shia scholar regarding Quranic sciences, jurisprudence, theology, and related topics, offering insights into the Shia sects interpretive approach. Shia exegetes are notably committed to their sectarian perspectives when interpreting Quranic verses, prioritizing the sayings of the Ahl al-Bayt and the Imams. In cases where conflicting reports existone from the Ahl al-Bayt and another from external sourcesthe Shia generally favor the former, even if its chain of transmission is incomplete. This preference stems from a broader effort to associate Quranic verses with Ali and the Imams. Shia scholars often claim that parts of the Quran referencing Ali and the Imams were removed, asserting textual corruption when no clear evidence supports their sectarian views. Similarly, Shubbars interpretive methodology reflects this tendency. He suggests that the Quran preserved in the Lawh al-Mahfuz Preserved Tablet and with the Imams is intact, while other Quranic texts are not fully preserved. In his exegesis, Shubbar frequently employs the narrational method, relying heavily on reports from the Ahl al-Bayt Imams. He provides extensive discussions on Quranic sciences, variant readings, jurisprudential views, theological matters, and eschatological topics. However, his interpretations often demonstrate sectarian bias, employing strained and unsubstantiated explanations to support Shia doctrines, particularly on issues like Imamate, Wilayah spiritual authority, and Wasiyyah designation of successors. Shubbar frequently seeks to connect verses to the Ahl al-Bayt, even in unrelated contexts, and uses their narrations to reinforce sectarian views. While Shubbar occasionally references Sunni scholars opinions, his priority remains the Shia perspective, which he consistently favors. Nevertheless, he aligns with Sunni scholars on certain points. This study ultimately seeks to elucidate the exegetical methodology of a prominent Shia scholar and explore the theological underpinnings of the Shia sect. It also highlights key differences between Shia and Sunni approaches to Quranic interpretation.

 Kurânı Kerim, Allahın yeryüzüne gönderdiği son ilahî kitaptır. Bu ilahî kitap üzerine her dönemde farklı alanlarda birçok çalışma yapılmış ve yapılmaya da devam etmektedir. Ehl-i sünnet âlimler tarafından yazılan tefsirler olduğu gibi Hz. Peygamber ve ashabın takip ettiği yola aykırı düşünce yapısına sahip kimseler tarafından da tefsirler yazılmaktadır. Bu aykırı düşünce yapısına sahip gruplardan biri olarak Şîa, geçmişten itibaren kendi görüşleri doğrultusunda Kurân hakkında çalışmalar yapmıştır. Genel olarak Şîanın tefsir anlayışı Hz. Alinin ve onun soyundan gelenlerin imameti etrafında şekillenmektedir. Bu da tefsirlerinde zorlama ve kabulden uzak tevillere başvurmalarına neden olmaktadır. Çalışmamızın konusu, 1188 yılında Necefte doğmuş ve 1242 yılında vefat etmiş olan Seyyit Abdullah Şübber b. Seyyit Muhammed Ridâ el-Hüseynî el-Kâzimînin hayatı ve el-Cevherus-Semîn adlı eseridir. İlim ehli bir ailede dünyaya gelen Şübber, nesep olarak Hz. Aliye, mezhep olarak ise Şîanın İsnâaşeriyye koluna mensuptur. Şübber, ilk olarak ilim tahsiline âlim olan babasının yanında başlamıştır. Daha sonra farklı birçok âlimden ders almış ve hayatı boyunca birçok âlim de yetiştirmiştir. Velûd bir âlim olan Şübber, tefsir, fıkıh, hadis ve lügat alanında birçok eser yazmıştır. Çalışmanın kapsamı, Şübberin hayatı ve el- Cevherus-Semîn tefsiri ile sınırlandırılacaktır. Çalışmada üzerinde durulacak konularda çalışmanın ana kaynağı olan Şübberin el-Cevherus-Semîn adlı eseri incelenecektir. Ardından Ehl-i sünnet âlimlerinin görüşlerine yer verilecek ve en sonunda ise bir değerlendirme yapılıp konu sonlandırılacaktır. Çalışmanın Şîa gibi önemli bir mezhebin Kurân ilimleri, fıkıh, akâid ve farklı konulardaki görüşlerini kapsaması açısından önemli olduğu söylenebilir. Şîi müfessirler Kurân âyetlerini tefsir ederken, inandıkları mezhebin görüşlerine sıkı bir şekilde bağlıdırlar. Bu bağlamda öncelikle Ehl-i beytin ve imamların sözleri gelmektedir. Şayet bir âyet hakkında hem Ehl-i beyt hem de dışından gelen bir rivayet varsa her ne kadar Ehl-i beyt rivayetinin isnadında bir kopukluk olsa dahi yine de bu rivayet tercih edilmektedir. Bunun en önemli sebebi ise âyetleri Hz. Ali ve imamlarla irtibatlandırma çabası gelmektedir. Şîa mezhebine mensup âlimlerin ekserisi bu konuda delil bulmadığında Kurânın tahrif edildiği iddiasını ortaya atmaktadır. Bu şekilde Hz. Ali ve imamlar konusundaki âyetlerin Kurândan çıkarıldığını iddia etmektedirler. Bu manada çalışma sonucu Şîi müfessir Şübberin de tefsir anlayışında aynı yaklaşımı benimsediği görülmüştür. Kurânın levh-i mahfûz ve imamların yanında korunduğunu ve bunların dışında kalan Kurânların ise korunmadığını söylemektedir. Şübber, tefsirinde rivayet metodunu pek çok yerde kullanmakta ve nakillerin çoğunu Ehl-i beyt imamlarından yapmaktadır. Tefsirinde Kurân ilimlerine, kıraat farklılıklarına, fıkhî görüşlere, kelamî ve ahir zamanla irtibatlandırılan konulara geniş yer vermektedir. Zikredilen konularda Şübber, mezhep taassubundan kaynaklanan zorlama ve kabulden uzak tevil ve tefsirlerle bağlı bulunduğu mezhebin görüşlerini güçlendirmeye çalışmakta ve âyetleri Ehl-i beytle irtibatlandırmaktadır. Şîa nezdinde önemli görülen imamet, velayet ve vasî gibi konulara zorlama tevillerle delil bulmaya çalışmakta, ilgili olmayan yerlerde dahi imamlardan ve Ehl-i beytten yaptığı nakillerle bağlantı kurmaktadır. Şübber, bazı yerlerde Ehl-i sünnet âlimlerinin görüşlerine yer vermekle birlikte bu yerlerde dahi Şîa mezhebinin görüşlerine öncelik vererek bunları tercih etmektedir. Ayrıca Şübber, bazı konularda Ehl-i sünnet âlimleri ile aynı görüşü paylaşmaktadır. Neticede bu çalışmamızla Şîa mezhebine mensup bir âlimin tefsir metodolojisi ve nihayetinde zikri geçen mezhebin görüşleri ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılacaktır. Akabinde Ehl-i sünnet ile arasındaki farka dikkat çekilecektir.

Makale detayları

Shiite Exegete Sayyid Abdullah Shubbar and His Tafsir al-Jawhar al-Samîn

Yazarlar:

Cengiz İder

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.443-464

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341582

pISSN:

2147-8171

Tafsir

Method

Shi'a

Shubber

Jawhar al-SaminTefsir

Metot

Şîa

Şübber

Cevheru's-Semin

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Cengiz İder

Yayıncı: Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar: Tefsir

Dergi: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.443-464

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001341582

pISSN: 2147-8171

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Cengiz İder

Yayıncı:

Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.443-464

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341582

pISSN:

2147-8171