THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ON GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

Aslı Okay Toprak

Makale detayları

THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ON GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

Yazarlar:

Aslı Okay Toprak

Yayıncı:

Istanbul Aydin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Büyüme

Dergi:

İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.17 Issue 4, pp.463-486

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001360112

pISSN:

2757-7252

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study examines the effects of environmental degradation and renewable energy use on economic growth in Uruguay, Costa Rica, Chile, Brazil, and Peru, which are pioneers in renewable energy use in Latin America. Carbon emissions are used as an indicator of environmental impact, while the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption is also considered. The countries included in the study are leaders in the green energy sector in Latin America and use hydroelectric, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass sources at very high rates for electricity production. In this context, the aim of this study is to contribute to the existing literature by conducting a regional analysis of these countries. Using data from the 1990-2021 period for the countries included in the study, an analysis was conducted using the seemingly unrelated regression SUR method. The dependent variable of the model is gross domestic product GDP per capita, the independent variables are renewable energy consumption as a percentage of total final energy consumption and carbon dioxide CO₂ emissions per capita, and the control variable is gross capital formation. According to the SUR model results, the increasing effect of carbon emissions on GDP is most pronounced in Brazil. Following Brazil, carbon emissions are increasing with GDP in Peru and Uruguay. Capital stock also has a positive relationship with GDP in all countries in the model. The country with the highest impact of capital stock on GDP is Costa Rica, while the lowest impact is observed in Brazil. The impact of renewable energy consumption on GDP is generally low in all countries in the models. However, the greatest impact of renewable energy consumption on GDP is observed in Brazil, while the lowest impact is observed in Peru. The empirical results of this study are noteworthy in that they show that renewable energy consumption has a lower impact on GDP than expected.

 This study examines the effects of environmental degradation and renewable energy use on economic growth in Uruguay, Costa Rica, Chile, Brazil, and Peru, which are pioneers in renewable energy use in Latin America. Carbon emissions are used as an indicator of environmental impact, while the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption is also considered. The countries included in the study are leaders in the green energy sector in Latin America and use hydroelectric, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass sources at very high rates for electricity production. In this context, the aim of this study is to contribute to the existing literature by conducting a regional analysis of these countries. Using data from the 1990-2021 period for the countries included in the study, an analysis was conducted using the seemingly unrelated regression SUR method. The dependent variable of the model is gross domestic product GDP per capita, the independent variables are renewable energy consumption as a percentage of total final energy consumption and carbon dioxide CO₂ emissions per capita, and the control variable is gross capital formation. According to the SUR model results, the increasing effect of carbon emissions on GDP is most pronounced in Brazil. Following Brazil, carbon emissions are increasing with GDP in Peru and Uruguay. Capital stock also has a positive relationship with GDP in all countries in the model. The country with the highest impact of capital stock on GDP is Costa Rica, while the lowest impact is observed in Brazil. The impact of renewable energy consumption on GDP is generally low in all countries in the models. However, the greatest impact of renewable energy consumption on GDP is observed in Brazil, while the lowest impact is observed in Peru. The empirical results of this study are noteworthy in that they show that renewable energy consumption has a lower impact on GDP than expected.

 This study examines the effects of environmental degradation and renewable energy use on economic growth in Uruguay, Costa Rica, Chile, Brazil, and Peru, which are pioneers in renewable energy use in Latin America. Carbon emissions are used as an indicator of environmental impact, while the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption is also considered. The countries included in the study are leaders in the green energy sector in Latin America and use hydroelectric, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass sources at very high rates for electricity production. In this context, the aim of this study is to contribute to the existing literature by conducting a regional analysis of these countries. Using data from the 1990-2021 period for the countries included in the study, an analysis was conducted using the seemingly unrelated regression SUR method. The dependent variable of the model is gross domestic product GDP per capita, the independent variables are renewable energy consumption as a percentage of total final energy consumption and carbon dioxide CO₂ emissions per capita, and the control variable is gross capital formation. According to the SUR model results, the increasing effect of carbon emissions on GDP is most pronounced in Brazil. Following Brazil, carbon emissions are increasing with GDP in Peru and Uruguay. Capital stock also has a positive relationship with GDP in all countries in the model. The country with the highest impact of capital stock on GDP is Costa Rica, while the lowest impact is observed in Brazil. The impact of renewable energy consumption on GDP is generally low in all countries in the models. However, the greatest impact of renewable energy consumption on GDP is observed in Brazil, while the lowest impact is observed in Peru. The empirical results of this study are noteworthy in that they show that renewable energy consumption has a lower impact on GDP than expected.

 Bu çalışma, Latin Amerikada yenilenebilir enerji kullanımında öncü olan Uruguay, Kosta Rika, Şili, Brezilya ve Peruda çevresel bozulma ve yenilenebilir enerji kullanımının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Karbon emisyonları çevresel etkinin göstergesi olarak kullanılırken, toplam enerji tüketiminde yenilenebilir enerjinin payı da dikkate alınmaktadır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen ülkeler, Latin Amerikada yeşil enerji sektöründe lider konumdadır ve elektrik üretimi için hidroelektrik, rüzgâr, güneş, jeotermal ve biyokütle kaynaklarını çok yüksek oranlarda kullanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı, bu ülkeler üzerinde bölgesel bir analiz yaparak mevcut literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen ülkelerin 1990-2021 dönemine ait verileri kullanılarak, görünüşte ilişkili olmayan regresyon SUR yöntemi ile bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modelin bağımlı değişkeni kişi başına gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla GSYİH olup, bağımlı değişkenler yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi toplam nihai enerji tüketiminin yüzdesi olarak ve kişi başına karbondioksit CO₂ emisyonlarıdır ve kontrol değişkeni brüt sermaye oluşumudur. SUR modeli sonuçlarına göre, karbon emisyonlarının GSYİH üzerindeki artan etkisi en belirgin olarak Brezilyada görülmüştür. Brezilyayı takip eden Peru ve Uruguayda karbon emisyonları GSYİH ile artmaktadır. Sermaye stoku da modeldeki tüm ülkelerde GSYİH ile doğru orantılı bir ilişki içindedir. Sermaye stokunun GSYİH üzerinde en yüksek etkiye sahip olduğu ülke Kosta Rikadır. En düşük etki Brezilyada gözlemlenmiştir. Yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin GSYİH üzerindeki etkisi, modellerdeki tüm ülkelerde genel olarak düşüktür. Ancak, yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin GSYİH üzerindeki en büyük etkisi Brezilyada, en düşük etkisi ise Peruda gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın ampirik sonuçları, yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin GSYİH üzerinde beklenenden daha düşük bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermesi açısından dikkat çekicidir.

Makale detayları

THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ON GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

Yazarlar:

Aslı Okay Toprak

Yayıncı:

Istanbul Aydin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Büyüme

Dergi:

İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.17 Issue 4, pp.463-486

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001360112

pISSN:

2757-7252

Carbon Emissions

Renewable Energy

Growth

SUR ModelKarbon Emisyonları

Yenilenebilir Enerji

Büyüme

SUR Modeli

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Aslı Okay Toprak

Yayıncı: Istanbul Aydin University

Ana Başlıklar: Büyüme

Dergi: İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.17 Issue 4, pp.463-486

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 7/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001360112

pISSN: 2757-7252

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Aslı Okay Toprak

Yayıncı:

Istanbul Aydin University

Ana Başlıklar:

Büyüme

Dergi:

İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.17 Issue 4, pp.463-486

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

7/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001360112

pISSN:

2757-7252