Financial Problems of Joint Stock Companies in the Established After the İzmir Economic Congree and the Establishment Formation Process of State-Owned Enterprises: The Case of Sümerbank

İbrahim Erdal

Makale detayları

Financial Problems of Joint Stock Companies in the Established After the İzmir Economic Congree and the Establishment Formation Process of State-Owned Enterprises: The Case of Sümerbank

Yazarlar:

İbrahim Erdal

Yayıncı:

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Dergi:

Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı Vol.22 Issue 35, pp.47-65

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301313

pISSN:

2148-0877

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 At the Economics Congress held in Izmir, the diversity of the countrys raw material resources has emphasized, and it has been stressed that the domestic merchant class, which had been occupied with traditional craftsmanship and small-scale workshops, had to be transformed into companies. Although some success has been achieved in the foundation of companies of the merchant class in the field of agricultural production goods such as paddy, weaving, yarn and flour, this investment diversity has not reached the desired level in the context of industry and mines. In this process, the lack of a banking system to meet the financial needs of Joint Stock Companies and small businesses established in Anatolia was the most important problem in the development model Industry and Mines Bank of Turkey was established on 19 April 1925 to solve this problem. However, the Joint Stock Companies supported by shareholding and credit has transferred to the Bank after a while because they could not improve their financial situation as a result of their excessive budget allocated for modernization, production and market problems. Therefore, the bank has fallen into a situation that both supports companies in the market and competes with these companies at the same times. Sümerbank was established in 1933 for the purpose of reorganizing these joint stock companies, which remained in the hands of the state and turned into state-owned enterprises, as the majority of their shares passed under the administration of the bank, to include them in production and to operate them by the state. In this article, the process until the establishment of Sümerbank, a state-owned enterprises, has been by considering the activities of previously established banks and joint stock companies based on archival documents.

 At the Economics Congress held in Izmir, the diversity of the countrys raw material resources has emphasized, and it has been stressed that the domestic merchant class, which had been occupied with traditional craftsmanship and small-scale workshops, had to be transformed into companies. Although some success has been achieved in the foundation of companies of the merchant class in the field of agricultural production goods such as paddy, weaving, yarn and flour, this investment diversity has not reached the desired level in the context of industry and mines. In this process, the lack of a banking system to meet the financial needs of Joint Stock Companies and small businesses established in Anatolia was the most important problem in the development model Industry and Mines Bank of Turkey was established on 19 April 1925 to solve this problem. However, the Joint Stock Companies supported by shareholding and credit has transferred to the Bank after a while because they could not improve their financial situation as a result of their excessive budget allocated for modernization, production and market problems. Therefore, the bank has fallen into a situation that both supports companies in the market and competes with these companies at the same times. Sümerbank was established in 1933 for the purpose of reorganizing these joint stock companies, which remained in the hands of the state and turned into state-owned enterprises, as the majority of their shares passed under the administration of the bank, to include them in production and to operate them by the state. In this article, the process until the establishment of Sümerbank, a state-owned enterprises, has been by considering the activities of previously established banks and joint stock companies based on archival documents.

 At the Economics Congress held in Izmir, the diversity of the countrys raw material resources has emphasized, and it has been stressed that the domestic merchant class, which had been occupied with traditional craftsmanship and small-scale workshops, had to be transformed into companies. Although some success has been achieved in the foundation of companies of the merchant class in the field of agricultural production goods such as paddy, weaving, yarn and flour, this investment diversity has not reached the desired level in the context of industry and mines. In this process, the lack of a banking system to meet the financial needs of Joint Stock Companies and small businesses established in Anatolia was the most important problem in the development model Industry and Mines Bank of Turkey was established on 19 April 1925 to solve this problem. However, the Joint Stock Companies supported by shareholding and credit has transferred to the Bank after a while because they could not improve their financial situation as a result of their excessive budget allocated for modernization, production and market problems. Therefore, the bank has fallen into a situation that both supports companies in the market and competes with these companies at the same times. Sümerbank was established in 1933 for the purpose of reorganizing these joint stock companies, which remained in the hands of the state and turned into state-owned enterprises, as the majority of their shares passed under the administration of the bank, to include them in production and to operate them by the state. In this article, the process until the establishment of Sümerbank, a state-owned enterprises, has been by considering the activities of previously established banks and joint stock companies based on archival documents.

 İzmirde düzenlenen İktisat Kongresinde ülkenin hammadde kaynaklarının çeşitliliğine vurgu yapılarak geleneksel işçilik ve küçük ölçekli imalathanelere sahip olan yerli tüccar sınıfının şirket olması gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. Çeltik, dokuma, iplik, un gibi tarımsal üretim malları üzerinden tüccar sınıfının şirketleşmesinde bir ölçüde başarı sağlanmış ise de bu yatırım çeşitliliği sanayi ve madenler bağlamında istenilen düzeye gelememiştir. Bu süreçte Anadoluda kurulan Anonim Şirketlerin ve küçük işletmelerin finans ihtiyacını karşılayacak bir bankacılık sisteminin olmaması kalkınma modelinde en önemli sorun olmuş, bu sorunu çözmek amacıyla 19 Nisan 1925 tarihinde Türkiye Sanayi ve Maadin Bankası kurulmuştur. Ancak hisse ortaklığı ve kredi ile destek olunan Anonim Şirketler bir süre sonra modernizasyona ayrılan aşırı bütçesi, üretim ve pazarda yaşadıkları sorunları sonucunda mali durumlarını geliştiremedikleri için Bankaya devredilmiştir. Bundan dolayı banka hem piyasada şirketlere destek veren hem de bu şirketlerle rekabete giren bir duruma düşmüştür. Hisse çoğunluğu bankanın idaresine geçtiği için devletin elinde kalan ve kamu iktisadi teşekküllerine dönüşen bu anonim şirketlerin yeniden düzenlenmesi, üretime dâhil edilmesi ve devlet eliyle işletilmesi amacıyla 1933 yılında Sümerbank kurulmuştur. Bu makalede bir kamu iktisadi teşekkülü olan Sümerbankın kuruluşuna kadar geçen süreç, daha önce kurulmuş olan banka ve anonim şirketlerin faaliyetleri üzerinden arşiv belgelerine dayalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Makale detayları

Financial Problems of Joint Stock Companies in the Established After the İzmir Economic Congree and the Establishment Formation Process of State-Owned Enterprises: The Case of Sümerbank

Yazarlar:

İbrahim Erdal

Yayıncı:

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Dergi:

Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı Vol.22 Issue 35, pp.47-65

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301313

pISSN:

2148-0877

Sumerbank

joint stock companies

Industry and mines bank of TurkeySümerbank

Anonim Şirket

Türkiye Sanayi ve Maadin bankası

Sayı

Makale detayları

Financial Problems of Joint Stock Companies in the Established After the İzmir Economic Congree and the Establishment Formation Process of State-Owned Enterprises: The Case of Sümerbank

Yazarlar: İbrahim Erdal

Yayıncı: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Dergi: Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı Vol.22 Issue 35, pp.47-65

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001301313

pISSN: 2148-0877

Sumerbank

joint stock companies

Industry and mines bank of TurkeySümerbank

Anonim Şirket

Türkiye Sanayi ve Maadin bankası

Sayı

Yazarlar:

İbrahim Erdal

Yayıncı:

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Dergi:

Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı Vol.22 Issue 35, pp.47-65

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301313

pISSN:

2148-0877