The concept of truce (hudna) in Islamic Law and the Ruling of its Conclusion with the Jews of Today- I

Mehmet Emin Nas

Makale detayları

The concept of truce (hudna) in Islamic Law and the Ruling of its Conclusion with the Jews of Today- I

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Emin Nas

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 1, pp.17-39

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Arapça

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351661

pISSN:

1304-639X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Islam is the religion of peace and mercy. As Islam regulates and defines the relationship between the Creator and the creature, it also regulates it between the creatures themselves to be in complete safety in both worlds, in compliance and avoidance, in word and deed. Among its most important principles in international, local and family relations, whether they are small or large: Peace, mercy, justice, tolerance, etc. Islam does not take war and abuse as a means, but rather uses wisdom and good advice, and wars are not an end in themselves, but are only legitimate to protect the nation and humanity as a whole from those who corrupt the earth, oppress and aggression. Accordingly, if the basis for Muslims relations with other infidels is peace, pacifism and reconciliation: Peace, pacifism and reconciliation, this reconciliation varies into different types: Some of them: What is perpetual: This is the dhimma contract, and some of them: What is temporary: reconciliation comes in two forms: The first: The truce contract, and the second: The contract of safety. The Jewish issue is a complex issue since the history of Islam, especially since they tried to colonize, occupy and usurp the Holy Land, to our present era, which has become a cancer in the heart of the role of Muslims that must be removed in a short time before it corrupts the Holy Land and the whole world. The Quran shows us the features, characteristics and descriptions of the Jews fully and we are content to present them in a brief summary because the purpose here is to show these descriptions and determine our relationship with them and deal with them accordingly. This study deals with the concept of hudna by talking about its definition, its conditions, its effects, and then the ruling of holding it with the Jews in light of the jurists views on this contract and in light of what the Quran has shown us about their descriptions. In line with the aforementioned issue and objectives, we will use the appropriate scientific methods in this study, including the inductive method: Inductive approach: By extrapolating the opinions of jurists through the recognized sources about the truce contract and the description of the Jews through the Quranic verses. Then the descriptive approach: By explaining the facts and characteristics of the truce contract according to the jurists opinions, we will also learn about the Jews and their characteristics. The analytical approach: By looking and studying the opinions of the jurists about the truce, analyzing them scientifically, and then applying them to the contract with the Jews until we reach the ruling on the contract with the Jews. Based on the aforementioned objectives and how the topic will be approached, we found it most appropriate to publish this study in two separate articles for fear of prolonging it and expanding its size, and in order to provide a comprehensive statement of the views of the jurists on the truce contract in Islamic law and the legal ruling on concluding it with the Jews in our time. Accordingly, the first article will be titled The Concept of Truce in Islamic Jurisprudence and its Concluding with Jews in the Present Era - I-, while the second article will be - in the context of the conclusions reached in the first article and the new information that will be reached in the second article - titled The Concept of Truce in Islamic Jurisprudence and its Concluding with Jews in the Present Era - II-.

 Islam is the religion of peace and mercy. As Islam regulates and defines the relationship between the Creator and the creature, it also regulates it between the creatures themselves to be in complete safety in both worlds, in compliance and avoidance, in word and deed. Among its most important principles in international, local and family relations, whether they are small or large: Peace, mercy, justice, tolerance, etc. Islam does not take war and abuse as a means, but rather uses wisdom and good advice, and wars are not an end in themselves, but are only legitimate to protect the nation and humanity as a whole from those who corrupt the earth, oppress and aggression. Accordingly, if the basis for Muslims relations with other infidels is peace, pacifism and reconciliation: Peace, pacifism and reconciliation, this reconciliation varies into different types: Some of them: What is perpetual: This is the dhimma contract, and some of them: What is temporary: reconciliation comes in two forms: The first: The truce contract, and the second: The contract of safety. The Jewish issue is a complex issue since the history of Islam, especially since they tried to colonize, occupy and usurp the Holy Land, to our present era, which has become a cancer in the heart of the role of Muslims that must be removed in a short time before it corrupts the Holy Land and the whole world. The Quran shows us the features, characteristics and descriptions of the Jews fully and we are content to present them in a brief summary because the purpose here is to show these descriptions and determine our relationship with them and deal with them accordingly. This study deals with the concept of hudna by talking about its definition, its conditions, its effects, and then the ruling of holding it with the Jews in light of the jurists views on this contract and in light of what the Quran has shown us about their descriptions. In line with the aforementioned issue and objectives, we will use the appropriate scientific methods in this study, including the inductive method: Inductive approach: By extrapolating the opinions of jurists through the recognized sources about the truce contract and the description of the Jews through the Quranic verses. Then the descriptive approach: By explaining the facts and characteristics of the truce contract according to the jurists opinions, we will also learn about the Jews and their characteristics. The analytical approach: By looking and studying the opinions of the jurists about the truce, analyzing them scientifically, and then applying them to the contract with the Jews until we reach the ruling on the contract with the Jews. Based on the aforementioned objectives and how the topic will be approached, we found it most appropriate to publish this study in two separate articles for fear of prolonging it and expanding its size, and in order to provide a comprehensive statement of the views of the jurists on the truce contract in Islamic law and the legal ruling on concluding it with the Jews in our time. Accordingly, the first article will be titled The Concept of Truce in Islamic Jurisprudence and its Concluding with Jews in the Present Era - I-, while the second article will be - in the context of the conclusions reached in the first article and the new information that will be reached in the second article - titled The Concept of Truce in Islamic Jurisprudence and its Concluding with Jews in the Present Era - II-.

 Islam is the religion of peace and mercy. As Islam regulates and defines the relationship between the Creator and the creature, it also regulates it between the creatures themselves to be in complete safety in both worlds, in compliance and avoidance, in word and deed. Among its most important principles in international, local and family relations, whether they are small or large: Peace, mercy, justice, tolerance, etc. Islam does not take war and abuse as a means, but rather uses wisdom and good advice, and wars are not an end in themselves, but are only legitimate to protect the nation and humanity as a whole from those who corrupt the earth, oppress and aggression. Accordingly, if the basis for Muslims relations with other infidels is peace, pacifism and reconciliation: Peace, pacifism and reconciliation, this reconciliation varies into different types: Some of them: What is perpetual: This is the dhimma contract, and some of them: What is temporary: reconciliation comes in two forms: The first: The truce contract, and the second: The contract of safety. The Jewish issue is a complex issue since the history of Islam, especially since they tried to colonize, occupy and usurp the Holy Land, to our present era, which has become a cancer in the heart of the role of Muslims that must be removed in a short time before it corrupts the Holy Land and the whole world. The Quran shows us the features, characteristics and descriptions of the Jews fully and we are content to present them in a brief summary because the purpose here is to show these descriptions and determine our relationship with them and deal with them accordingly. This study deals with the concept of hudna by talking about its definition, its conditions, its effects, and then the ruling of holding it with the Jews in light of the jurists views on this contract and in light of what the Quran has shown us about their descriptions. In line with the aforementioned issue and objectives, we will use the appropriate scientific methods in this study, including the inductive method: Inductive approach: By extrapolating the opinions of jurists through the recognized sources about the truce contract and the description of the Jews through the Quranic verses. Then the descriptive approach: By explaining the facts and characteristics of the truce contract according to the jurists opinions, we will also learn about the Jews and their characteristics. The analytical approach: By looking and studying the opinions of the jurists about the truce, analyzing them scientifically, and then applying them to the contract with the Jews until we reach the ruling on the contract with the Jews. Based on the aforementioned objectives and how the topic will be approached, we found it most appropriate to publish this study in two separate articles for fear of prolonging it and expanding its size, and in order to provide a comprehensive statement of the views of the jurists on the truce contract in Islamic law and the legal ruling on concluding it with the Jews in our time. Accordingly, the first article will be titled The Concept of Truce in Islamic Jurisprudence and its Concluding with Jews in the Present Era - I-, while the second article will be - in the context of the conclusions reached in the first article and the new information that will be reached in the second article - titled The Concept of Truce in Islamic Jurisprudence and its Concluding with Jews in the Present Era - II-.

 İslâm barış ve merhâmet dinidir. İslâm, yaratan ve yaratılan arasındaki ilişkiyi düzenleyip tanımladığı gibi, yaratılanların kendi aralarındaki ilişkiyi de düzenler. Böylece dünya ve ahiret hayatının, söz ve eylemin, itaat ve sakınmanın selameti tam bir şekilde sağlanmış olur. Uluslararası, ulusal ve toplumun en küçük birimini teşkil eden aile ilişkilerinin en önemli ilkeleri arasında; barış, merhamet, adalet, hoşgörü yer alır. İslâm, tüm bu ilişki ağında hakikate ve doğruluğa çağırırken, savaşı ve eziyet etmeyi bir araç olarak almaz; aksine hikmeti ve güzel öğütleri esas alır. Dolayısıyla savaş bir amaç değil, aksine ümmeti ve bir bütün olarak insanlığı yeryüzünde bozgunculuk çıkaran, zulmeden ve haddi aşanlardan korumak için istihsanen meşru kılınmış bir araçtır. Barış ve uzlaşma esasına dayalı olan bu ilişkiyi sağlayan -gayri müslime bakan yönüyle- belli başlı bazı sözleşmeler vardır: Bunlardan kalıcı olanı zimmet sözleşmesi, geçici olanı ise ateşkes hudne ve güvenlikemân sözleşmeleridir. Bu bağlamda günümüzde İslâm ümmetinin en büyük sorunlarından biri uluslararası sözleşmelerdir. Bu sözleşmelerden en sorunlu olanı ise Yahudilerle yapılanlardır. Yahudi sorunu İslâm tarihinde Hz. Peygamber döneminde-özellikle Kutsal Topraklara yerleşmeye ve oraları işgal ve gasp etmeye çalıştıklarından bu yana- günümüze değin süregelen karmaşık bir sorundur. Müslüman yurdunun kalbine yerleştirilmiş, yayılmadan önce kısa sürede ortadan kaldırılması gereken bir kanser hüviyetindedir. Buna binaen bu çalışmada Yahudiler özelinde gayri müslimle ilişki türlerinden biri olan ateşkes hudne kavramının fukahâ nezdinde mefhumu, şartları ve neticeleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Sonrasında ise âlimlerin görüşleri ve Kurânın Yahudilerle ilgili belirttiği vasıflar ışığında Yahudilerle ateşkes yapmanın şer-i hükmü ele alınacaktır.Bu doğrultuda ortaya konulan sorun ve hedefler öncelikle âlimlerin görüşleri ve Kurânın Yahudilerle ilgili beyânı bir araya getirmek suretiyle veri toplama yöntemiyle aktarılmakta; sonrasında ise bunlar tasvîrî betimleyici ve tahlîlîistidlâlî bir bakış açısıyla tahlil edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Böylelikle Yahudilerle ateşkes yapmanın şer-i hükmüne ulaşılmasına gayret edilecektir. Yukarıda belirttiğimiz hususların bir makale boyutunu aşacağı ve konunun tüm yönleriyle ortaya konulamayacağı endişesiyle çalışmamızı birbirinin devamı olacak şekilde müstakil iki makale halinde yayınlamanın daha uygun olacağı düşüncesi hâsıl oldu. Buna göre İslâm Hukukunda Ateşkes hudne Kavramının Mefhumu ve Günümüz Yahudileriyle Yapılmasının Hükmü- I  ismindeki birinci makalemiz İslâm hukukunda ateşkes hudne kavramının mefhumunu ortaya koymayı hedeflerken, İslâm Hukukunda Ateşkes hudne Kavramının Mefhumu ve Günümüz Yahudileriyle Yapılmasının Hükmü- II ismindeki ikinci makale ise birinci makalede ulaşılan sonuçlarıda dikkate alarak İslâm hukukunda Yahudilerle ateşkes sözleşmesinin şer-i hükmünü ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir.

Makale detayları

The concept of truce (hudna) in Islamic Law and the Ruling of its Conclusion with the Jews of Today- I

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Emin Nas

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 1, pp.17-39

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Arapça

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351661

pISSN:

1304-639X

jurisprudence

International Relations

Armistice

jews

sharia judgementfıkıh

uluslararası ilişkiler

hudne

ateşkes

yahudiler

şer-i hüküm

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mehmet Emin Nas

Yayıncı: Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Hukuku

Dergi: Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 1, pp.17-39

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Arapça

Document ID (Org No.): 2001351661

pISSN: 1304-639X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Emin Nas

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.30 Issue 1, pp.17-39

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Arapça

Document ID (Org No.):

2001351661

pISSN:

1304-639X