Ibn Mālik’s Criticisms of Ibn ‘Uṣfūr in Sharḥ at-Tashīl

Abdulkadir Kişmir

Makale detayları

Ibn Mālik’s Criticisms of Ibn ‘Uṣfūr in Sharḥ at-Tashīl

Yazarlar:

Abdulkadir Kişmir

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 28, pp.97-112

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001340721

pISSN:

2980-0331

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the history of naḥw Arabic syntax, during the later periods, many works were characterized by their critical analysis of differing views and ideas. Among the notable grammarians who adopted a critical approach was Ibn Mālik, whose works have been studied in various academic centers and whose name is listed among the most renowned figures in Arabic grammar. Ibn Mālik not only meticulously analyzed the opinions of earlier scholars but also engaged with contemporary works to question the grammatical understanding of his time. In this context, his work Sharḥ at-Tashīl stands out as a unique example of critique in naḥw. Within this work, Ibn Mālik conducted extensive discussions on the establishment of grammatical rules, articulating his own views and leaving a profound impact on the field of Arabic linguistics. Notably, he criticized his contemporary, Ibn Uṣfūr, for some of his opinions. This article examines Ibn Māliks critiques of Ibn Uṣfūr. The central question driving the study is: On which grammatical issues and for what reasons did Ibn Mālik criticize Ibn Uṣfūr?. In seeking an answer, the question How have later grammarians interpreted Ibn Māliks criticisms? also arises, as Ibn Māliks works have been extensively commented upon and analyzed by various scholars. Additionally, the article addresses whether there are instances where Ibn Uṣfūr held contradictory views on specific issues and, if so, whether these contradictions were considered by Ibn Mālik and other grammarians. The study aims to respond to these questions within a focused framework. Employing the document analysis method, the research is confined to Ibn Māliks critiques of Ibn Uṣfūr in Sharḥ at-Tashīl, excluding instances where no critique was made. Additionally, to maintain the articles structure, only the comments of grammarians directly related to the subject have been included. In this study it has been determined that Ibn Mālik criticized Ibn Uṣfūr on seven grammatical issues. In these critiques, Ibn Mālik generally accused Ibn Uṣfūr, a representative of the Andalusian linguistic school, of neglecting Arabic usage and auditory evidence samā, employing faulty analogies, disregarding established general grammatical principles, and making judgments without sufficient evidence. Many grammarians broadly agreed with these criticisms. However, Abū Ḥayyān argued in some cases that Ibn Mālik used flawed evidence against Ibn Uṣfūr. Moreover, there are opinions suggesting that Ibn Māliks critiques were insufficient in certain instances. The article also finds that Ibn Uṣfūr expressed contradictory views on two grammatical issues. Among the reviewed sources, only Nāẓir al-Jaysh addressed one of these contradictions, while no other grammarian was observed to comment on this inconsistency. This observation underscores the originality of the article. According to the researches, no independent study on this topic has been conducted either in Turkey or the Arab world. It is hoped that this article will contribute to the field by offering insights into Ibn Māliks linguistic approach.

 In the history of naḥw Arabic syntax, during the later periods, many works were characterized by their critical analysis of differing views and ideas. Among the notable grammarians who adopted a critical approach was Ibn Mālik, whose works have been studied in various academic centers and whose name is listed among the most renowned figures in Arabic grammar. Ibn Mālik not only meticulously analyzed the opinions of earlier scholars but also engaged with contemporary works to question the grammatical understanding of his time. In this context, his work Sharḥ at-Tashīl stands out as a unique example of critique in naḥw. Within this work, Ibn Mālik conducted extensive discussions on the establishment of grammatical rules, articulating his own views and leaving a profound impact on the field of Arabic linguistics. Notably, he criticized his contemporary, Ibn Uṣfūr, for some of his opinions. This article examines Ibn Māliks critiques of Ibn Uṣfūr. The central question driving the study is: On which grammatical issues and for what reasons did Ibn Mālik criticize Ibn Uṣfūr?. In seeking an answer, the question How have later grammarians interpreted Ibn Māliks criticisms? also arises, as Ibn Māliks works have been extensively commented upon and analyzed by various scholars. Additionally, the article addresses whether there are instances where Ibn Uṣfūr held contradictory views on specific issues and, if so, whether these contradictions were considered by Ibn Mālik and other grammarians. The study aims to respond to these questions within a focused framework. Employing the document analysis method, the research is confined to Ibn Māliks critiques of Ibn Uṣfūr in Sharḥ at-Tashīl, excluding instances where no critique was made. Additionally, to maintain the articles structure, only the comments of grammarians directly related to the subject have been included. In this study it has been determined that Ibn Mālik criticized Ibn Uṣfūr on seven grammatical issues. In these critiques, Ibn Mālik generally accused Ibn Uṣfūr, a representative of the Andalusian linguistic school, of neglecting Arabic usage and auditory evidence samā, employing faulty analogies, disregarding established general grammatical principles, and making judgments without sufficient evidence. Many grammarians broadly agreed with these criticisms. However, Abū Ḥayyān argued in some cases that Ibn Mālik used flawed evidence against Ibn Uṣfūr. Moreover, there are opinions suggesting that Ibn Māliks critiques were insufficient in certain instances. The article also finds that Ibn Uṣfūr expressed contradictory views on two grammatical issues. Among the reviewed sources, only Nāẓir al-Jaysh addressed one of these contradictions, while no other grammarian was observed to comment on this inconsistency. This observation underscores the originality of the article. According to the researches, no independent study on this topic has been conducted either in Turkey or the Arab world. It is hoped that this article will contribute to the field by offering insights into Ibn Māliks linguistic approach.

 In the history of naḥw Arabic syntax, during the later periods, many works were characterized by their critical analysis of differing views and ideas. Among the notable grammarians who adopted a critical approach was Ibn Mālik, whose works have been studied in various academic centers and whose name is listed among the most renowned figures in Arabic grammar. Ibn Mālik not only meticulously analyzed the opinions of earlier scholars but also engaged with contemporary works to question the grammatical understanding of his time. In this context, his work Sharḥ at-Tashīl stands out as a unique example of critique in naḥw. Within this work, Ibn Mālik conducted extensive discussions on the establishment of grammatical rules, articulating his own views and leaving a profound impact on the field of Arabic linguistics. Notably, he criticized his contemporary, Ibn Uṣfūr, for some of his opinions. This article examines Ibn Māliks critiques of Ibn Uṣfūr. The central question driving the study is: On which grammatical issues and for what reasons did Ibn Mālik criticize Ibn Uṣfūr?. In seeking an answer, the question How have later grammarians interpreted Ibn Māliks criticisms? also arises, as Ibn Māliks works have been extensively commented upon and analyzed by various scholars. Additionally, the article addresses whether there are instances where Ibn Uṣfūr held contradictory views on specific issues and, if so, whether these contradictions were considered by Ibn Mālik and other grammarians. The study aims to respond to these questions within a focused framework. Employing the document analysis method, the research is confined to Ibn Māliks critiques of Ibn Uṣfūr in Sharḥ at-Tashīl, excluding instances where no critique was made. Additionally, to maintain the articles structure, only the comments of grammarians directly related to the subject have been included. In this study it has been determined that Ibn Mālik criticized Ibn Uṣfūr on seven grammatical issues. In these critiques, Ibn Mālik generally accused Ibn Uṣfūr, a representative of the Andalusian linguistic school, of neglecting Arabic usage and auditory evidence samā, employing faulty analogies, disregarding established general grammatical principles, and making judgments without sufficient evidence. Many grammarians broadly agreed with these criticisms. However, Abū Ḥayyān argued in some cases that Ibn Mālik used flawed evidence against Ibn Uṣfūr. Moreover, there are opinions suggesting that Ibn Māliks critiques were insufficient in certain instances. The article also finds that Ibn Uṣfūr expressed contradictory views on two grammatical issues. Among the reviewed sources, only Nāẓir al-Jaysh addressed one of these contradictions, while no other grammarian was observed to comment on this inconsistency. This observation underscores the originality of the article. According to the researches, no independent study on this topic has been conducted either in Turkey or the Arab world. It is hoped that this article will contribute to the field by offering insights into Ibn Māliks linguistic approach.

 Nahiv tarihinde müteahhir dönemde kaleme alınan birçok çalışmada farklı görüş ve düşüncelerin tenkit süzgecinden geçtiği müşahede edilmektedir. Bu süreçte eleştirel yaklaşım tarzını benimseyen en önemli nahiv âlimlerinden birisi de eserleri günümüze kadar çeşitli ilim merkezlerinde okutulan ve adını Arap grameri alanında meşhur nahivciler listesine ekleyen İbn Mâliktir. İbn Mâlik, sadece kendisinden önceki âlimlerin görüşlerini detaylı bir biçimde analiz etmemiş aynı zamanda kendi dönemindeki gramer anlayışını sorgulama adına güncel eserleri de takip etmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, onun Şerḥut-Teshîl adlı eseri, Arap gramerinde özgün bir eleştiri örneğini teşkil etmektedir. Söz konusu eserinde İbn Mâlik, Arap dilinin kurallarının tespitine dair kapsamlı tartışmalar yaparak kendi görüşlerini ortaya koymuş ve Arap dilciliği alanında derin bir iz bırakmıştır. İbn Mâlik bu eserinde çağdaşı İbn Usfûru da bazı görüşlerinden dolayı eleştirmiştir. Bu makale İbn Mâlikin İbn Usfûra yönelik eleştirilerini ele almaktadır. Makalenin temel problemini İbn Mâlik hangi nahvî meselelerde ve niçin İbn Usfûru eleştirmiştir? sorusu oluşturmaktadır. Bu sorunun cevabı aranırken Nahiv âlimleri İbn Mâlikin eleştirilerini nasıl yorumlamıştır? sorusu gündeme gelmiştir. Çünkü İbn Mâlikin eserleri birçok nahiv âlimi tarafından şerh edilerek çeşitli analizlere konu olmuştur. Ayrıca İbn Usfûrun eleştirildiği herhangi bir meselede birbirine zıt görüşü var mıdır? Varsa İbn Mâlik ve nahivciler tarafından dikkate alınmış mıdır? sorusuna da makalede cevap aranmıştır. Bu çerçevede çalışma, belirtilen sorulara yanıt vermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Doküman analizi yöntemiyle ele alınan bu makale İbn Mâlikin Şerḥut-Teshîl isimli eserindeki İbn Usfûra yönelik eleştirileriyle sınırlandırılmış, herhangi bir tenkit içermeyen durumlar araştırmaya dahil edilmemiştir. Ayrıca makale formatından çıkılmaması için bazı nahiv âlimlerinin sadece konu ile bağlantılı yorumlarına yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada İbn Mâlikin yedi nahvî meselede İbn Usfûru eleştirdiği tespit edilebilmiştir. İbn Mâlik bu meselelerde genel olarak Arap kullanımını ve semâʿ delilini dikkate almama, yanlış kıyas yapma, genel nahiv kurallarını görmezden gelme ve delilsiz hüküm verme gerekçelerinden dolayı Endülüs dil ekolü temsilcilerinden İbn Usfûru tenkit etmiştir. Nahiv âlimlerinin birçoğu genel olarak zikri geçen eleştirilere katılmışlardır. Bununla beraber Ebû Hayyân bazı meselelerde İbn Mâlikin İbn Usfûra yönelik eleştirilerinde yanlış deliller getirdiğini iddia etmiştir. Öte yandan İbn Mâlikin bazı tenkitlerinde yetersiz kaldığına dair yorumlar da yapılmıştır. Makalede İbn Usfûrun iki nahvî meselede birbirine zıt görüş beyan ettiği kanısına varılmıştır. Sadece Nâzirül-Ceyş bu görüşlerden birine temas etmiştir. Onun dışında ulaşılan kaynaklar içerisinde hiçbir nahiv âliminin bu farklılığa değinmediği müşahede edilmiştir. Bu durum makalenin özgün değerde olduğunu göstermesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalara göre gerek ülkemizde gerek Arap dünyasında bu isimle müstakil bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. İbn Mâlikin dil tasavvurunu tanıma adına bu makalenin alana katkı sağlayacağı umulmaktadır.

Makale detayları

Ibn Mālik’s Criticisms of Ibn ‘Uṣfūr in Sharḥ at-Tashīl

Yazarlar:

Abdulkadir Kişmir

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 28, pp.97-112

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001340721

pISSN:

2980-0331

Arabic Language and Rhetoric

Naḥw

Ibn Mālik

Ibn ‘Uṣfūr

CriticismArap Dili ve Belagatı

Nahiv

İbn Mâlik

İbn Usfûr

Eleştiri

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Abdulkadir Kişmir

Yayıncı: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar: Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi: Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 28, pp.97-112

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 4/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001340721

pISSN: 2980-0331

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Abdulkadir Kişmir

Yayıncı:

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Rize İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 28, pp.97-112

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

4/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001340721

pISSN:

2980-0331