The Impact of Vitamin D on Follicular Development and Inflammatory Markers in Experimental Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Seçil Tan; Gülçin Abban Mete; Semih Tan; Nazlı Çil; Mücahit Seçme; Yavuz Dodurga; Ergun Mete

Makale detayları

The Impact of Vitamin D on Follicular Development and Inflammatory Markers in Experimental Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Yazarlar:

Seçil Tan | Gülçin Abban Mete | Semih Tan | Nazlı Çil | Mücahit Seçme | Yavuz Dodurga | Ergun Mete

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Clinical Sciences (Other)

Dergi:

Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science Vol.11 Issue 3, pp.160-178

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357756

pISSN:

2149-7796

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by chronic anovulation, infertility, hyperandrogenism, and hirsutism. Additionally, PCOS is associated with metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance, obesity, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. Recent research suggests that chronic inflammation and vitamin D deficiency may play a role in these comorbidities. However, studies investigating the relationship between vitamin D and PCOS have yielded conflicting results. Moreover, the immunohistochemical mechanisms by which inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, affect ovarian tissue in PCOS remain unclear. Method: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term and mid-term effects of vitamin D on IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression in the ovaries of a dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA-induced PCOS rat model. Two different vitamin D administration strategies were investigated: pre-treatment daily administration starting two hours before PCOS induction and post-treatment daily administration starting on day 20 of DHEA injection and continuing throughout the experimental period. The effects of vitamin D on ovarian inflammation and follicular morphology were analyzed. Results: According to hematoxylin-eosin staining results, the number of cystic follicles was significantly increased in the PCOS group Group 2: 7.170.87 compared to the control group Group 1: 2.170.40, p0.002, whereas early vitamin D treatment significantly reduced this number Group 3: 4.000.51, p0.009. However, in the long-term PCOS group Group 4: 8.331.74, the number of cystic follicles was the highest among all groups, showing no significant difference compared to Group 2 p0.747. In the short term, vitamin D did not significantly alter IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α expression in ovarian tissue but effectively reduced the number of cystic follicles. However, in the prolonged exposure group, an increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression was observed. Although RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression levels of IL- . 1β, IL-6, and TNF-α genes in all groups compared to the control group, a statistically significant elevation was observed only in the long-term PCOS group for IL-6 p0.016 and IL-1β p0.036. Conclusion: While vitamin D has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, it also plays a crucial role in follicular development, oocyte maturation, ovulation, and menstrual cycle regulation. The observed increase in inflammatory cytokines in vitamin D-treated groups might suggest a transient physiological response potentially associated with efforts to restore disrupted reproductive processes. In the short term, vitamin D significantly reduced cystic follicle formation but did not markedly impact ovarian inflammation markers. Long-term studies are required to determine the sustained effects of vitamin D at the molecular and tissue levels and to elucidate the precise stage at which it begins to mitigate the metabolic consequences of PCOS.

 Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by chronic anovulation, infertility, hyperandrogenism, and hirsutism. Additionally, PCOS is associated with metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance, obesity, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. Recent research suggests that chronic inflammation and vitamin D deficiency may play a role in these comorbidities. However, studies investigating the relationship between vitamin D and PCOS have yielded conflicting results. Moreover, the immunohistochemical mechanisms by which inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, affect ovarian tissue in PCOS remain unclear. Method: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term and mid-term effects of vitamin D on IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression in the ovaries of a dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA-induced PCOS rat model. Two different vitamin D administration strategies were investigated: pre-treatment daily administration starting two hours before PCOS induction and post-treatment daily administration starting on day 20 of DHEA injection and continuing throughout the experimental period. The effects of vitamin D on ovarian inflammation and follicular morphology were analyzed. Results: According to hematoxylin-eosin staining results, the number of cystic follicles was significantly increased in the PCOS group Group 2: 7.170.87 compared to the control group Group 1: 2.170.40, p0.002, whereas early vitamin D treatment significantly reduced this number Group 3: 4.000.51, p0.009. However, in the long-term PCOS group Group 4: 8.331.74, the number of cystic follicles was the highest among all groups, showing no significant difference compared to Group 2 p0.747. In the short term, vitamin D did not significantly alter IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α expression in ovarian tissue but effectively reduced the number of cystic follicles. However, in the prolonged exposure group, an increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression was observed. Although RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression levels of IL- . 1β, IL-6, and TNF-α genes in all groups compared to the control group, a statistically significant elevation was observed only in the long-term PCOS group for IL-6 p0.016 and IL-1β p0.036. Conclusion: While vitamin D has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, it also plays a crucial role in follicular development, oocyte maturation, ovulation, and menstrual cycle regulation. The observed increase in inflammatory cytokines in vitamin D-treated groups might suggest a transient physiological response potentially associated with efforts to restore disrupted reproductive processes. In the short term, vitamin D significantly reduced cystic follicle formation but did not markedly impact ovarian inflammation markers. Long-term studies are required to determine the sustained effects of vitamin D at the molecular and tissue levels and to elucidate the precise stage at which it begins to mitigate the metabolic consequences of PCOS.

 Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by chronic anovulation, infertility, hyperandrogenism, and hirsutism. Additionally, PCOS is associated with metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance, obesity, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. Recent research suggests that chronic inflammation and vitamin D deficiency may play a role in these comorbidities. However, studies investigating the relationship between vitamin D and PCOS have yielded conflicting results. Moreover, the immunohistochemical mechanisms by which inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, affect ovarian tissue in PCOS remain unclear. Method: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term and mid-term effects of vitamin D on IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression in the ovaries of a dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA-induced PCOS rat model. Two different vitamin D administration strategies were investigated: pre-treatment daily administration starting two hours before PCOS induction and post-treatment daily administration starting on day 20 of DHEA injection and continuing throughout the experimental period. The effects of vitamin D on ovarian inflammation and follicular morphology were analyzed. Results: According to hematoxylin-eosin staining results, the number of cystic follicles was significantly increased in the PCOS group Group 2: 7.170.87 compared to the control group Group 1: 2.170.40, p0.002, whereas early vitamin D treatment significantly reduced this number Group 3: 4.000.51, p0.009. However, in the long-term PCOS group Group 4: 8.331.74, the number of cystic follicles was the highest among all groups, showing no significant difference compared to Group 2 p0.747. In the short term, vitamin D did not significantly alter IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α expression in ovarian tissue but effectively reduced the number of cystic follicles. However, in the prolonged exposure group, an increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression was observed. Although RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression levels of IL- . 1β, IL-6, and TNF-α genes in all groups compared to the control group, a statistically significant elevation was observed only in the long-term PCOS group for IL-6 p0.016 and IL-1β p0.036. Conclusion: While vitamin D has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, it also plays a crucial role in follicular development, oocyte maturation, ovulation, and menstrual cycle regulation. The observed increase in inflammatory cytokines in vitamin D-treated groups might suggest a transient physiological response potentially associated with efforts to restore disrupted reproductive processes. In the short term, vitamin D significantly reduced cystic follicle formation but did not markedly impact ovarian inflammation markers. Long-term studies are required to determine the sustained effects of vitamin D at the molecular and tissue levels and to elucidate the precise stage at which it begins to mitigate the metabolic consequences of PCOS.

 Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by chronic anovulation, infertility, hyperandrogenism, and hirsutism. Additionally, PCOS is associated with metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance, obesity, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. Recent research suggests that chronic inflammation and vitamin D deficiency may play a role in these comorbidities. However, studies investigating the relationship between vitamin D and PCOS have yielded conflicting results. Moreover, the immunohistochemical mechanisms by which inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, affect ovarian tissue in PCOS remain unclear. Method: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term and mid-term effects of vitamin D on IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression in the ovaries of a dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA-induced PCOS rat model. Two different vitamin D administration strategies were investigated: pre-treatment daily administration starting two hours before PCOS induction and post-treatment daily administration starting on day 20 of DHEA injection and continuing throughout the experimental period. The effects of vitamin D on ovarian inflammation and follicular morphology were analyzed. Results: According to hematoxylin-eosin staining results, the number of cystic follicles was significantly increased in the PCOS group Group 2: 7.170.87 compared to the control group Group 1: 2.170.40, p0.002, whereas early vitamin D treatment significantly reduced this number Group 3: 4.000.51, p0.009. However, in the long-term PCOS group Group 4: 8.331.74, the number of cystic follicles was the highest among all groups, showing no significant difference compared to Group 2 p0.747. In the short term, vitamin D did not significantly alter IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α expression in ovarian tissue but effectively reduced the number of cystic follicles. However, in the prolonged exposure group, an increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression was observed. Although RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression levels of IL- . 1β, IL-6, and TNF-α genes in all groups compared to the control group, a statistically significant elevation was observed only in the long-term PCOS group for IL-6 p0.016 and IL-1β p0.036. Conclusion: While vitamin D has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, it also plays a crucial role in follicular development, oocyte maturation, ovulation, and menstrual cycle regulation. The observed increase in inflammatory cytokines in vitamin D-treated groups might suggest a transient physiological response potentially associated with efforts to restore disrupted reproductive processes. In the short term, vitamin D significantly reduced cystic follicle formation but did not markedly impact ovarian inflammation markers. Long-term studies are required to determine the sustained effects of vitamin D at the molecular and tissue levels and to elucidate the precise stage at which it begins to mitigate the metabolic consequences of PCOS.

Makale detayları

The Impact of Vitamin D on Follicular Development and Inflammatory Markers in Experimental Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Yazarlar:

Seçil Tan | Gülçin Abban Mete | Semih Tan | Nazlı Çil | Mücahit Seçme | Yavuz Dodurga | Ergun Mete

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Clinical Sciences (Other)

Dergi:

Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science Vol.11 Issue 3, pp.160-178

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357756

pISSN:

2149-7796

Vitamin D

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Folliculogenesis

Inflammatory Cytokines

Ovarian Morphology

Sayı

Makale detayları

The Impact of Vitamin D on Follicular Development and Inflammatory Markers in Experimental Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Yazarlar: Seçil Tan | Gülçin Abban Mete | Semih Tan | Nazlı Çil | Mücahit Seçme | Yavuz Dodurga | Ergun Mete

Yayıncı: Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar: Clinical Sciences (Other)

Dergi: Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science Vol.11 Issue 3, pp.160-178

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 8/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001357756

pISSN: 2149-7796

Vitamin D

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Folliculogenesis

Inflammatory Cytokines

Ovarian Morphology

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Seçil Tan | Gülçin Abban Mete | Semih Tan | Nazlı Çil | Mücahit Seçme | Yavuz Dodurga | Ergun Mete

Yayıncı:

Ordu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Clinical Sciences (Other)

Dergi:

Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science Vol.11 Issue 3, pp.160-178

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

8/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001357756

pISSN:

2149-7796