Dialectical Interrogation in Verses That Deny Equating

Cengiz Güneş

Makale detayları

Dialectical Interrogation in Verses That Deny Equating

Yazarlar:

Cengiz Güneş

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 52, pp.124-146

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333196

pISSN:

2791-6812

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 One of the most important goals of the Qurʾān is to raise an awareness of tawhīd among its audience. To this end, the Qurʾān uses different methods and tones. In the Qurʾān, people are asked to question the examples given in many verses to encourage them to think, to enable them to make comparisons using their minds and to increase their ability to differentiate between things, thereby paving the way for them to reach the truth. This article discusses the verses that include dialectical expressions in which two unequal things are contrasted and the verses that do not include the words equalityequating but include a comparison in the form of ...can this person and that person be the same?. The Qurʾān recommends people to think and reflect on entities that are considered unequal; this is intended for developing peoples ability to comprehend and internalize the truths more easily through reasoning. In this study, the verses that deny equating due to inequalities between things are analysed using the dialectical method. This is because, the Qurʾān often draws attention to the deficiencies of its audience in some respects by asking such questions as Dont you think?, Dont you use your wisdom? or Dont you learn a lesson?, and it characterises the heart that is unwilling to understand the truth as unperceptive, the eye that fails to see the truth as blind and the ear that fails to hear the truth as deaf. The present study aimed to investigate the wisdom and purposes of the Qurʾān in highlighting the inequality between two things. In the present study, comparisons in the Qurʾān were analysed under two headings. The first is the comparisons on theological issues, in which it is mostly emphasized that Allah can never be the same with idols. The second is the comparison of Almighty Allah, who possesses these qualities, with other beings and the comparisons made among His servants in terms of their deeds. Since the focus of the present study is the Qurʾān, the researcher first consulted classical and modern tafsīr sources, followed by dictionary and encyclopaedic works to explore concepts and definitions. The researcher also used relevant articles on the issue were also to offer a thorough explanation about the subject. The methodology of this study is to compile the verses in which the word unequal appears and to categorize the verses in this regard. As a result, the subject was discussed based on the relevant headings identified, and the collected data were evaluated in the conclusion. There is no study that addresses the subject of this study based on the headings included in it. This study contributes to the field, especially in terms of revealing the Qurʾāns explanation of the principle of tawhīd, belief in God and many other elements through a convincing comparative method. In conclusion, it was found that the majority of the Qurʾanic comparisons expressed using the structure lā yastawī لا يستوي and ka man... كـمن are related to faith. The essence of such theological comparisons is that Allah cannot be the same with other beings, and these comparisons reveal the difference between the Creator and creatures. In making these comparisons, the Qurʾān tries to achieve its goal by providing examples that everyone can easily understand, such as people who can see versus the blind, dark versus light, slaves versus free people, believers versus unbelievers, clean versus unclean, good versus evil, the knowledgeable versus illiterate. In particular, it is emphasizes that Allah, the Creator and Sustainer of all things, cannot resemble idols. The Qurʾān also makes comparisons between practical responsibilities, and in this respect, it does not equate a sick or disabled person with a healthy and non-disabled person but takes individual differences into consideration and reveals provisions accordingly. The Qurʾān does not equate those who initially accept Islam and those who become Muslims later, those who seek Allahs pleasure and those who incur His wrath, those who wage jihād and give money to the poor and those who do not do these, those who earn Paradise and those who deserve Hell. The Qurʾān also refers to the difference among the People of the Book Ahl al-Kitāb and the superiority of piety taqwā among Muslims. In this article, the denial of equating in the Qurʾān is discussed in general, under different headings and in a comprehensive manner.

 Kuranın en önemli gayelerinden biri muhataplarında tevhid bilincini oluşturmaktır. Bu meyanda Kuran, değişik yöntem ve anlatım üslupları kullanmıştır. Kuranda, insanları düşünmeye sevk etmek, onların akıllarını kullanarak kıyaslamalar yapmalarını sağlamak ve tefrik kabiliyetlerini artırmak için birçok ayette verilen örneklerin sorgulanması istenmiş, böylece onların hakikate ulaşmalarının önünün açması hedeflenmiştir. Bu makalede, aralarında eşitliktesviye olmadığı belirtilen ve iki şeyin kıyaslandığı diyalektik ifadeler içeren ayetler ile içinde tesviye kelimesi geçmemesine rağmen, şu kimse ile bu bir olur mu? şeklinde kıyas yer alan ayetler ele alınmıştır. Kuranda, aralarında eşitsizlikler olduğu belirtilen hususların düşünülmesi, bunlar üzerinde fikir yürütülmesi tavsiye edilmiş, insanların muhakeme yaparak hakikatleri daha kolay kavrama ve içselleştirme yetilerini geliştirmeleri hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmada da aralarında eşitsizlik olduğu belirlenip tesviyeyi nefyeden ayetler diyalektik yöntemle incelenmiştir. Zira Kuranda sık sık düşünmez misiniz, aklınızı kullanmaz mısınız, ibret almaz mısınız gibi sorularla muhatapların bu mevzulardaki eksikliklerine dikkat çekilmiş, hakikati anlamaya yanaşmayan kalp idraksiz, hakkı görmeyen göz kör ve gerçeği işitmeyen kulak ise sağır olarak vasıflandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Kuranda, iki şey arasındaki eşitsizliğin sergilenmesindeki hikmet ve gayelerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Kurandaki kıyaslamalar iki başlık altında incelenmiştir. Bunlardan birincisi itikadî konulardaki kıyaslamalardır ki bunlarda daha çok Allahın putlarla asla bir olamayacağına dikkat çekilmiştir. İkincisi ise bu vasıflara sahip olan Yüce Allahın, diğer varlıklarla kıyaslanması ve kulları arasında yapılan amelî kıyaslamalardır. Araştırmamızın konusu Kuran olduğu için ilk olarak klasik ve modern tefsir kaynaklarına müracaat edilmiş, kavram ve tariflerin açıklanmasında lügat ve ansiklopedik eserlere başvurulmuştur. Konunun etraflıca izahı için ilgili makalelere de atıfta bulunulmuştur. Çalışmamızda, eşit değildir tabirinin yer aldığı ayetleri derlemek ve bu minvaldeki ayetleri sınıflandırmak yöntem olarak seçilmiştir. Neticede, tespit edilen ilgili başlıklar çerçevesinde konu tartışılmış ve elde edilen veriler sonuç kısmında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma konusunu, içeriğindeki başlıklar çerçevesinde ele alan bir çalışma tespit edilememiştir. Bu makale, özellikle Kuranın tevhid ilkesini, Allaha imanı ve diğer birçok unsuru ikna edici bir kıyaslama yöntemiyle izahını ortaya koyması açısından alanına katkı sağlamıştır. Sonuçta, Kuranda lâ yestevî ve ke men şeklindeki kıyaslamaların çoğunluğunun itikat alanıyla ilgili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İtikadî kıyaslamaların mihengini Allahın diğer varlıklarla bir olamayacağı oluşturmakta ve bu kıyaslamalar Yaratanın yaratılanlardan farkını ortaya koymaktadır. Kuran bu mukayeseleri yaparken herkesin kolaylıkla anlayabileceği, gören ile kör, karanlık ile aydınlık, köle ile hür, mümin ile kâfir, temiz ile pis, iyilik ile kötülük, bilen ile bilmeyen gibi unsurlardan örnekler vererek hedefine ulaşmak istemiştir. Özellikle de her şeyi yaratan ve gözeten Allahın putlarla bir olamayacağı vurgulanmıştır. Kuran aynı zamanda amelî sorumluluklar arasında da mukayese yapmış, bu bakımdan hasta veya özürlü biriyle sağlıklı ve özürsüz birini eşit tutmamış, ferdî farklılıkları göz önünde bulundurmuş ve buna göre hüküm bina etmiştir. İslâma önce girenlerle sonra Müslüman olanları, Allahın rızasını gözetenlerle Onun gazabına uğrayanları, cihat ve infak edenlerle bunları yapmayanları, cenneti kazananlarla cehennemi hak edenleri de müsavi tutmamıştır. Ayrıca Ehl-i kitap arasındaki farka ve Müslümanlar arasındaki takva üstünlüğüne de atıfta bulunulmuştur. Bu makalede Kuranda tesviyenin reddi hususu genel olarak, farklı başlıklar altında ve kapsayıcı bir şekilde işlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

 One of the most important goals of the Qurʾān is to raise an awareness of tawhīd among its audience. To this end, the Qurʾān uses different methods and tones. In the Qurʾān, people are asked to question the examples given in many verses to encourage them to think, to enable them to make comparisons using their minds and to increase their ability to differentiate between things, thereby paving the way for them to reach the truth. This article discusses the verses that include dialectical expressions in which two unequal things are contrasted and the verses that do not include the words equalityequating but include a comparison in the form of ...can this person and that person be the same?. The Qurʾān recommends people to think and reflect on entities that are considered unequal; this is intended for developing peoples ability to comprehend and internalize the truths more easily through reasoning. In this study, the verses that deny equating due to inequalities between things are analysed using the dialectical method. This is because, the Qurʾān often draws attention to the deficiencies of its audience in some respects by asking such questions as Dont you think?, Dont you use your wisdom? or Dont you learn a lesson?, and it characterises the heart that is unwilling to understand the truth as unperceptive, the eye that fails to see the truth as blind and the ear that fails to hear the truth as deaf. The present study aimed to investigate the wisdom and purposes of the Qurʾān in highlighting the inequality between two things. In the present study, comparisons in the Qurʾān were analysed under two headings. The first is the comparisons on theological issues, in which it is mostly emphasized that Allah can never be the same with idols. The second is the comparison of Almighty Allah, who possesses these qualities, with other beings and the comparisons made among His servants in terms of their deeds. Since the focus of the present study is the Qurʾān, the researcher first consulted classical and modern tafsīr sources, followed by dictionary and encyclopaedic works to explore concepts and definitions. The researcher also used relevant articles on the issue were also to offer a thorough explanation about the subject. The methodology of this study is to compile the verses in which the word unequal appears and to categorize the verses in this regard. As a result, the subject was discussed based on the relevant headings identified, and the collected data were evaluated in the conclusion. There is no study that addresses the subject of this study based on the headings included in it. This study contributes to the field, especially in terms of revealing the Qurʾāns explanation of the principle of tawhīd, belief in God and many other elements through a convincing comparative method. In conclusion, it was found that the majority of the Qurʾanic comparisons expressed using the structure lā yastawī لا يستوي and ka man... كـمن are related to faith. The essence of such theological comparisons is that Allah cannot be the same with other beings, and these comparisons reveal the difference between the Creator and creatures. In making these comparisons, the Qurʾān tries to achieve its goal by providing examples that everyone can easily understand, such as people who can see versus the blind, dark versus light, slaves versus free people, believers versus unbelievers, clean versus unclean, good versus evil, the knowledgeable versus illiterate. In particular, it is emphasizes that Allah, the Creator and Sustainer of all things, cannot resemble idols. The Qurʾān also makes comparisons between practical responsibilities, and in this respect, it does not equate a sick or disabled person with a healthy and non-disabled person but takes individual differences into consideration and reveals provisions accordingly. The Qurʾān does not equate those who initially accept Islam and those who become Muslims later, those who seek Allahs pleasure and those who incur His wrath, those who wage jihād and give money to the poor and those who do not do these, those who earn Paradise and those who deserve Hell. The Qurʾān also refers to the difference among the People of the Book Ahl al-Kitāb and the superiority of piety taqwā among Muslims. In this article, the denial of equating in the Qurʾān is discussed in general, under different headings and in a comprehensive manner.

 One of the most important goals of the Qurʾān is to raise an awareness of tawhīd among its audience. To this end, the Qurʾān uses different methods and tones. In the Qurʾān, people are asked to question the examples given in many verses to encourage them to think, to enable them to make comparisons using their minds and to increase their ability to differentiate between things, thereby paving the way for them to reach the truth. This article discusses the verses that include dialectical expressions in which two unequal things are contrasted and the verses that do not include the words equalityequating but include a comparison in the form of ...can this person and that person be the same?. The Qurʾān recommends people to think and reflect on entities that are considered unequal; this is intended for developing peoples ability to comprehend and internalize the truths more easily through reasoning. In this study, the verses that deny equating due to inequalities between things are analysed using the dialectical method. This is because, the Qurʾān often draws attention to the deficiencies of its audience in some respects by asking such questions as Dont you think?, Dont you use your wisdom? or Dont you learn a lesson?, and it characterises the heart that is unwilling to understand the truth as unperceptive, the eye that fails to see the truth as blind and the ear that fails to hear the truth as deaf. The present study aimed to investigate the wisdom and purposes of the Qurʾān in highlighting the inequality between two things. In the present study, comparisons in the Qurʾān were analysed under two headings. The first is the comparisons on theological issues, in which it is mostly emphasized that Allah can never be the same with idols. The second is the comparison of Almighty Allah, who possesses these qualities, with other beings and the comparisons made among His servants in terms of their deeds. Since the focus of the present study is the Qurʾān, the researcher first consulted classical and modern tafsīr sources, followed by dictionary and encyclopaedic works to explore concepts and definitions. The researcher also used relevant articles on the issue were also to offer a thorough explanation about the subject. The methodology of this study is to compile the verses in which the word unequal appears and to categorize the verses in this regard. As a result, the subject was discussed based on the relevant headings identified, and the collected data were evaluated in the conclusion. There is no study that addresses the subject of this study based on the headings included in it. This study contributes to the field, especially in terms of revealing the Qurʾāns explanation of the principle of tawhīd, belief in God and many other elements through a convincing comparative method. In conclusion, it was found that the majority of the Qurʾanic comparisons expressed using the structure lā yastawī لا يستوي and ka man... كـمن are related to faith. The essence of such theological comparisons is that Allah cannot be the same with other beings, and these comparisons reveal the difference between the Creator and creatures. In making these comparisons, the Qurʾān tries to achieve its goal by providing examples that everyone can easily understand, such as people who can see versus the blind, dark versus light, slaves versus free people, believers versus unbelievers, clean versus unclean, good versus evil, the knowledgeable versus illiterate. In particular, it is emphasizes that Allah, the Creator and Sustainer of all things, cannot resemble idols. The Qurʾān also makes comparisons between practical responsibilities, and in this respect, it does not equate a sick or disabled person with a healthy and non-disabled person but takes individual differences into consideration and reveals provisions accordingly. The Qurʾān does not equate those who initially accept Islam and those who become Muslims later, those who seek Allahs pleasure and those who incur His wrath, those who wage jihād and give money to the poor and those who do not do these, those who earn Paradise and those who deserve Hell. The Qurʾān also refers to the difference among the People of the Book Ahl al-Kitāb and the superiority of piety taqwā among Muslims. In this article, the denial of equating in the Qurʾān is discussed in general, under different headings and in a comprehensive manner.

Makale detayları

Dialectical Interrogation in Verses That Deny Equating

Yazarlar:

Cengiz Güneş

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 52, pp.124-146

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333196

pISSN:

2791-6812

Tafsīr

Qurʾān

Tawhīd

Equating

Comparison

InterrogationTefsir

Kur’an

Tevhid

Tesviye

Kıyaslama

Sorgulama

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Cengiz Güneş

Yayıncı: Harran University

Ana Başlıklar: Tefsir

Dergi: Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 52, pp.124-146

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001333196

pISSN: 2791-6812

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Cengiz Güneş

Yayıncı:

Harran University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tefsir

Dergi:

Harran İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 52, pp.124-146

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333196

pISSN:

2791-6812