The Books of Cellar Ward (Kiler Koğuşu) of Enderūn School Rooms

Meral Bayrak

Makale detayları

The Books of Cellar Ward (Kiler Koğuşu) of Enderūn School Rooms

Yazarlar:

Meral Bayrak

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.685-725

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336416

pISSN:

2757-6949

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Enderūn School, which had an important place in the Ottoman education system, was established with the aim of training qualified civil and military personels for the state. This institution consisted of rooms or wards where gradual education was provided, and those with superior qualities among the devshirmes were taken here and subjected to special training. In Enderūn, the education started in Great and Small Chambers Büyük and Küçük Oda and ended in the Private Chamber Hās Oda at the highest level after the education they received in the palaces of Edirne, Galata, İbrahim Pasha and İskender Çelebi, which was a kind of preparatory school. In the first two rooms of the education, which continued in seven stages, basic courses were given in addition to Turkish, Arabic and Persian without specialisation. Those who successfully completed these stages were given the opportunity to develop their individual skills by providing theoretical lessons in the other rooms and the opportunity to practice due to their obligation to fulfil the work of the room they were in. Inner boys İç oğlanlar, who also received art education according to their talents, were also trained in various sports branches. Those who completed the training period in each room were promoted to the next level as they were deemed successful, thus endeavouring to bring the best ones to a level to serve the state. Since the Qurʾān al-Karīms and books in the library of the Cellar Room Kiler Odası, which is one of the rooms here, are the subject of the article, brief information about this room is given and the works, most of which are manuscripts, are introduced, and the other rooms are excluded from the study. The members of the Cellar Room, which is in the fifth rank of the Enderūn School from bottom to top, were assigned to meet all kinds of food and beverage needs of the sultan and the harem under the direction of the cellar master kilercibaşı called serkilārī-i hāṣṣa, and serving food to the sultan was also given to this ward. The charge of supplying candles for the palace rooms and masjids and the preparation of the tarpaulins used in injuries were included among the duty of the rooms members. In addition to these duties, the inner boys received theoretical education and completed courses that were similar to the education given in madrasas, and tried to be successful by reading books on religious sciences, ethics, grammar, literature and history. Information about the books in the ward was found in a register defter belonging to the Topkapı Palace Museum Archive in the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Directorate of State Archives Ottoman Archive, and these data, which provide information about the theoretical education here, are tried to be explained within the scope of the article. The aforementioned register was kept due to a waqf established by Süleyman Agha, the cellars chamberlain Kiler Kethüdası of the period, in Evāsıt-ı Muharrem 115429 March-7 April 1741, in order to ensure the protection of the Qurʾān al-Karīms and some of the books in the library of the room after some of them were lost, and the books in the library were recorded with all their characteristics. The register, which was prepared with the aim of determining the current situation at the time of the waqfs establishment and to control the books in the following process based on these records, was first written Muṣḥafs from large to small according to their size, then Qurʾān al-Karīm chapters, Enʿāms and prayer books, then tafsir, hadith, fiqh, jurisprudence, al-ʿakāʾid, Sufism and logic books, works on Arabic grammar and other books on various subjects. The types of calligraphy, the number of lines on the pages and the illumination features of the Qurʾān al-Karīms of these manuscripts, most of which are in the category of rare works, are recorded separately, and if they were endowed, it is especially stated by whom they were donated. The books that had previously been in the library but had been lost were also noted, and efforts were made to preserve the books through the protector of the books ḥāfiẓ-i kütüb, who was employed by the waqf established to prevent further losses. The data in the register enable to the writing of this article, which aims to know the manuscript and illuminated Qurʾān al-Karīms and books on various subjects, most of which are manuscripts, which are believed to have been found in other rooms of the Enderūn School, and thus to learn which works were taught to the inner boys during their education. The data in the register enabled to the writing of this article, so it is aimed to know the manuscript and illuminated Qurʾān al-Karīms and books on various subjects, most of which are manuscripts, which are believed to have been found in other rooms of the Enderūn School, and thus to learn which works were taught to the inner boys during their education.

 Osmanlı eğitim sistemi içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Enderun Mektebi devlet için nitelikli mülkî ve askerî personel yetiştirmek gayesiyle hayata geçirilmiştir. Bu kurum kademeli eğitimin verildiği oda veya koğuş denilen dairelerden oluşmuş, devşirmelerden üstün özelliklere sahip olanlar buraya alınarak özel eğitime tâbi tutulmuştur. Bir çeşit hazırlık okulu durumundaki Edirne, Galata, İbrahim Paşa ve İskender Çelebi saraylarında gördükleri eğitimden sonra bir elemeden geçirilerek başarılı bulunanların alındığı Enderunda, Büyük ve Küçük Odada başlayan eğitim en üst derecedeki Has Odada son bulmuştur. Yedi kademede devam eden eğitimin ilk iki odasında branşlaşma olmaksızın Türkçe, Arapça ve Farsçanın yanında temel dersler verilmiştir. Bu aşamaları başarıyla tamamlayanlara diğer odalarda teorik derslerle bulundukları odanın işlerini yerine getirme yükümlülükleri nedeniyle uygulama yapma imkânı sağlanarak bireysel becerilerini geliştirme fırsatı tanınmıştır. Yeteneklerine göre sanat eğitimi de alan iç oğlanlar ayrıca çeşitli spor dallarında yetiştirilmiştir. Her bir odadaki eğitim süresini dolduranlar başarılı bulundukça üst seviyeye geçirilmiş böylece en iyilerin devlete hizmet edecek düzeye getirilmesine gayret edilmiştir. Buradaki odalardan biri olan Kiler Odasının kitaplığındaki Kurân-ı Kerîmler ile kitaplar makaleye konu edildiğinden bu oda hakkında kısaca bilgi verilerek büyük çoğunluğu yazma olan eserler tanıtılmış, diğer odalar çalışmanın dışında bırakılmıştır. Aşağıdan yukarıya doğru sıralandığında Enderun Mektebinin beşinci derecesinde bulunan Kiler Odasının mensupları serkilârî-i hâssa denilen kilercibaşının idaresinde padişah ile haremin her türlü yiyecek ve içecek ihtiyacını karşılamakla görevlendirilmiş, padişaha yemek servisi yapmak bu koğuşun sorumluluğuna verilmiştir. Saray odalarıyla mescitlerin mumlarını temin etme vazifesi ile yaralanmalarda kullanılan sargı tarzındaki muşambaların hazırlanması da görevleri arasına dahil edilmiştir. Bu görevleriyle birlikte teorik eğitim alan iç oğlanları medreselerde verilen eğitim ile benzerlik gösteren dersleri tamamlamış, dinî ilimler, ahlak, dil bilgisi, edebiyat ve tarih ile ilgili kitaplardan okuyarak başarılı olmaya çalışmıştır. Koğuşta bulunan kitaplar hakkındaki bilgilere Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivinde bulunan Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Arşivine ait bir defterde rastlanmış, buradaki kuramsal eğitime dair bilgi edinmeyi sağlayan bu veriler makale kapsamında anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bahsedilen defter, odanın kitaplığında bulunan Kurân-ı Kerîmler ile kitaplardan bir kısmının kaybolması üzerine bunların korunmasını sağlamak için dönemin Kiler Kethüdası Süleyman Ağa tarafından Evâsıt-ı Muharrem 115429 Mart-7 Nisan 1741de kurulan bir vakıf nedeniyle tutulmuş ve kitaplıktaki kitaplar bütün özellikleriyle kayda geçirilmiştir. Vakfın kurulduğu dönemde mevcut durumu saptamak ve sonraki süreçte kitapların kontrolünü bu kayıtları esas alarak yapmak gayesiyle hazırlanan deftere, önce boyutlarına göre büyükten küçüğe doğru Mushaflar, ardından Kurân-ı Kerîm cüzleri, Enâmlar ve duanâmeler, daha sonra da sırasıyla tefsir, hadis, fıkıh, akâid, tasavvuf ve mantık kitaplarıyla Arapça gramerine yönelik eserler ayrıca çeşitli konuları içeren diğer kitaplar yazılmıştır. Çoğu nadir eser kategorisinde olan el yazması bu eserlerin hat çeşitleri, sayfalardaki satır sayıları ve Kurân-ı Kerîmlerin tezhip özellikleri ayrı ayrı kaydedilmiş, şayet vakfedilmiş ise kim tarafından bağışlandığı özellikle belirtilmiştir. Önceden kitaplıkta mevcut olduğu halde kaybolmuş olan kitaplar da not edilmiş, bunlardan başka kayıpların olmaması için kurulan vakıf sayesinde görevlendirilen hâfız-ı kütüb aracılığıyla kitapların muhafazasına gayret gösterilmiştir. Defterdeki veriler bu makalenin yazılmasını sağlamış böylece Enderun Mektebinin diğer odalarında da benzerlerinin bulunduğu zannedilen el yazması ve tezhipli Kurân-ı Kerîmler ile çoğu yazma olan çeşitli konulara dair kitapların bilinmesi, dolayısıyla iç oğlanlara eğitimleri sırasında okutulan eserlerin hangileri olduğunun öğrenilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

 Enderūn School, which had an important place in the Ottoman education system, was established with the aim of training qualified civil and military personels for the state. This institution consisted of rooms or wards where gradual education was provided, and those with superior qualities among the devshirmes were taken here and subjected to special training. In Enderūn, the education started in Great and Small Chambers Büyük and Küçük Oda and ended in the Private Chamber Hās Oda at the highest level after the education they received in the palaces of Edirne, Galata, İbrahim Pasha and İskender Çelebi, which was a kind of preparatory school. In the first two rooms of the education, which continued in seven stages, basic courses were given in addition to Turkish, Arabic and Persian without specialisation. Those who successfully completed these stages were given the opportunity to develop their individual skills by providing theoretical lessons in the other rooms and the opportunity to practice due to their obligation to fulfil the work of the room they were in. Inner boys İç oğlanlar, who also received art education according to their talents, were also trained in various sports branches. Those who completed the training period in each room were promoted to the next level as they were deemed successful, thus endeavouring to bring the best ones to a level to serve the state. Since the Qurʾān al-Karīms and books in the library of the Cellar Room Kiler Odası, which is one of the rooms here, are the subject of the article, brief information about this room is given and the works, most of which are manuscripts, are introduced, and the other rooms are excluded from the study. The members of the Cellar Room, which is in the fifth rank of the Enderūn School from bottom to top, were assigned to meet all kinds of food and beverage needs of the sultan and the harem under the direction of the cellar master kilercibaşı called serkilārī-i hāṣṣa, and serving food to the sultan was also given to this ward. The charge of supplying candles for the palace rooms and masjids and the preparation of the tarpaulins used in injuries were included among the duty of the rooms members. In addition to these duties, the inner boys received theoretical education and completed courses that were similar to the education given in madrasas, and tried to be successful by reading books on religious sciences, ethics, grammar, literature and history. Information about the books in the ward was found in a register defter belonging to the Topkapı Palace Museum Archive in the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Directorate of State Archives Ottoman Archive, and these data, which provide information about the theoretical education here, are tried to be explained within the scope of the article. The aforementioned register was kept due to a waqf established by Süleyman Agha, the cellars chamberlain Kiler Kethüdası of the period, in Evāsıt-ı Muharrem 115429 March-7 April 1741, in order to ensure the protection of the Qurʾān al-Karīms and some of the books in the library of the room after some of them were lost, and the books in the library were recorded with all their characteristics. The register, which was prepared with the aim of determining the current situation at the time of the waqfs establishment and to control the books in the following process based on these records, was first written Muṣḥafs from large to small according to their size, then Qurʾān al-Karīm chapters, Enʿāms and prayer books, then tafsir, hadith, fiqh, jurisprudence, al-ʿakāʾid, Sufism and logic books, works on Arabic grammar and other books on various subjects. The types of calligraphy, the number of lines on the pages and the illumination features of the Qurʾān al-Karīms of these manuscripts, most of which are in the category of rare works, are recorded separately, and if they were endowed, it is especially stated by whom they were donated. The books that had previously been in the library but had been lost were also noted, and efforts were made to preserve the books through the protector of the books ḥāfiẓ-i kütüb, who was employed by the waqf established to prevent further losses. The data in the register enable to the writing of this article, which aims to know the manuscript and illuminated Qurʾān al-Karīms and books on various subjects, most of which are manuscripts, which are believed to have been found in other rooms of the Enderūn School, and thus to learn which works were taught to the inner boys during their education. The data in the register enabled to the writing of this article, so it is aimed to know the manuscript and illuminated Qurʾān al-Karīms and books on various subjects, most of which are manuscripts, which are believed to have been found in other rooms of the Enderūn School, and thus to learn which works were taught to the inner boys during their education.

 Enderūn School, which had an important place in the Ottoman education system, was established with the aim of training qualified civil and military personels for the state. This institution consisted of rooms or wards where gradual education was provided, and those with superior qualities among the devshirmes were taken here and subjected to special training. In Enderūn, the education started in Great and Small Chambers Büyük and Küçük Oda and ended in the Private Chamber Hās Oda at the highest level after the education they received in the palaces of Edirne, Galata, İbrahim Pasha and İskender Çelebi, which was a kind of preparatory school. In the first two rooms of the education, which continued in seven stages, basic courses were given in addition to Turkish, Arabic and Persian without specialisation. Those who successfully completed these stages were given the opportunity to develop their individual skills by providing theoretical lessons in the other rooms and the opportunity to practice due to their obligation to fulfil the work of the room they were in. Inner boys İç oğlanlar, who also received art education according to their talents, were also trained in various sports branches. Those who completed the training period in each room were promoted to the next level as they were deemed successful, thus endeavouring to bring the best ones to a level to serve the state. Since the Qurʾān al-Karīms and books in the library of the Cellar Room Kiler Odası, which is one of the rooms here, are the subject of the article, brief information about this room is given and the works, most of which are manuscripts, are introduced, and the other rooms are excluded from the study. The members of the Cellar Room, which is in the fifth rank of the Enderūn School from bottom to top, were assigned to meet all kinds of food and beverage needs of the sultan and the harem under the direction of the cellar master kilercibaşı called serkilārī-i hāṣṣa, and serving food to the sultan was also given to this ward. The charge of supplying candles for the palace rooms and masjids and the preparation of the tarpaulins used in injuries were included among the duty of the rooms members. In addition to these duties, the inner boys received theoretical education and completed courses that were similar to the education given in madrasas, and tried to be successful by reading books on religious sciences, ethics, grammar, literature and history. Information about the books in the ward was found in a register defter belonging to the Topkapı Palace Museum Archive in the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Directorate of State Archives Ottoman Archive, and these data, which provide information about the theoretical education here, are tried to be explained within the scope of the article. The aforementioned register was kept due to a waqf established by Süleyman Agha, the cellars chamberlain Kiler Kethüdası of the period, in Evāsıt-ı Muharrem 115429 March-7 April 1741, in order to ensure the protection of the Qurʾān al-Karīms and some of the books in the library of the room after some of them were lost, and the books in the library were recorded with all their characteristics. The register, which was prepared with the aim of determining the current situation at the time of the waqfs establishment and to control the books in the following process based on these records, was first written Muṣḥafs from large to small according to their size, then Qurʾān al-Karīm chapters, Enʿāms and prayer books, then tafsir, hadith, fiqh, jurisprudence, al-ʿakāʾid, Sufism and logic books, works on Arabic grammar and other books on various subjects. The types of calligraphy, the number of lines on the pages and the illumination features of the Qurʾān al-Karīms of these manuscripts, most of which are in the category of rare works, are recorded separately, and if they were endowed, it is especially stated by whom they were donated. The books that had previously been in the library but had been lost were also noted, and efforts were made to preserve the books through the protector of the books ḥāfiẓ-i kütüb, who was employed by the waqf established to prevent further losses. The data in the register enable to the writing of this article, which aims to know the manuscript and illuminated Qurʾān al-Karīms and books on various subjects, most of which are manuscripts, which are believed to have been found in other rooms of the Enderūn School, and thus to learn which works were taught to the inner boys during their education. The data in the register enabled to the writing of this article, so it is aimed to know the manuscript and illuminated Qurʾān al-Karīms and books on various subjects, most of which are manuscripts, which are believed to have been found in other rooms of the Enderūn School, and thus to learn which works were taught to the inner boys during their education.

Makale detayları

The Books of Cellar Ward (Kiler Koğuşu) of Enderūn School Rooms

Yazarlar:

Meral Bayrak

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.685-725

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336416

pISSN:

2757-6949

Ottoman History

Topkapı Palace

Enderūn School

Cellar Room

The Library of the Cellar Room

İlluminated Qurʾāns

Manuscript Books

Rare ArtifactsOsmanlı Tarihi

Topkapı Sarayı

Enderun Mektebi

Kiler Odası

Kiler Odası Kütüphanesi

Tezhipli Kur’ân-ı Kerîmler

El Yazması Kitaplar

Nadir Eserler

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Meral Bayrak

Yayıncı: Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Tarihi

Dergi: Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.685-725

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001336416

pISSN: 2757-6949

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Meral Bayrak

Yayıncı:

Hitit University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi

Dergi:

Hitit İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 2, pp.685-725

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001336416

pISSN:

2757-6949