The Source Value of 16th Century Biographical Dictionaries on 14th-15th Centuries Turkish Literature

Ahmet Emin Saraç

Makale detayları

The Source Value of 16th Century Biographical Dictionaries on 14th-15th Centuries Turkish Literature

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Emin Saraç

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 1, pp.70-88

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358880

pISSN:

1015-2091

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 While works in Western Turkish have been produced since the late 13th century, the primary sources of Western Turkish literary history, such as tezkires biographical dictionaries of poets and other biographical sources, did not begin to appear until the early 16th century. Due to this gap of nearly two and a half centuries, these sources naturally would contain errors and inaccuracies regarding their knowledge of past literature. This study analyzes the information the 16th-century biographical sources provide about pre-16th-century Turkish literature. Thus, this study first briefly introduces the sources it uses before analyzing the epoch in question in three stages: the period up to Sultan Bayezid Is accession to the throne 1299-1389, the period up to the conquest of Istanbul 1389-1453, and the period ending with Necati Beys death 1453-1509. This study observes the tezkires to contain very little information about the literature that had formed before 1389. The period of 1389-1453 is considered the beginning of the formation of Ottoman literature. The number of poets and works known from this period is incomparably higher than that of the prior period. As a result of the new capital city and the important steps taken to establish the empire and social life, significant developments are understood to have occurred in the literary culture after 1453, with this period also understood to have been a harbinger of the advanced level that would be reached in the 16th century.

 While works in Western Turkish have been produced since the late 13th century, the primary sources of Western Turkish literary history, such as tezkires biographical dictionaries of poets and other biographical sources, did not begin to appear until the early 16th century. Due to this gap of nearly two and a half centuries, these sources naturally would contain errors and inaccuracies regarding their knowledge of past literature. This study analyzes the information the 16th-century biographical sources provide about pre-16th-century Turkish literature. Thus, this study first briefly introduces the sources it uses before analyzing the epoch in question in three stages: the period up to Sultan Bayezid Is accession to the throne 1299-1389, the period up to the conquest of Istanbul 1389-1453, and the period ending with Necati Beys death 1453-1509. This study observes the tezkires to contain very little information about the literature that had formed before 1389. The period of 1389-1453 is considered the beginning of the formation of Ottoman literature. The number of poets and works known from this period is incomparably higher than that of the prior period. As a result of the new capital city and the important steps taken to establish the empire and social life, significant developments are understood to have occurred in the literary culture after 1453, with this period also understood to have been a harbinger of the advanced level that would be reached in the 16th century.

 While works in Western Turkish have been produced since the late 13th century, the primary sources of Western Turkish literary history, such as tezkires biographical dictionaries of poets and other biographical sources, did not begin to appear until the early 16th century. Due to this gap of nearly two and a half centuries, these sources naturally would contain errors and inaccuracies regarding their knowledge of past literature. This study analyzes the information the 16th-century biographical sources provide about pre-16th-century Turkish literature. Thus, this study first briefly introduces the sources it uses before analyzing the epoch in question in three stages: the period up to Sultan Bayezid Is accession to the throne 1299-1389, the period up to the conquest of Istanbul 1389-1453, and the period ending with Necati Beys death 1453-1509. This study observes the tezkires to contain very little information about the literature that had formed before 1389. The period of 1389-1453 is considered the beginning of the formation of Ottoman literature. The number of poets and works known from this period is incomparably higher than that of the prior period. As a result of the new capital city and the important steps taken to establish the empire and social life, significant developments are understood to have occurred in the literary culture after 1453, with this period also understood to have been a harbinger of the advanced level that would be reached in the 16th century.

 Batı Türkçesinde 13. asrın ikinci yarısından itibaren eserler verilmekle beraber edebiyat tarihinin başlıca kaynağı hükmündeki şuara tezkireleri ve sair biyografi kaynakları ancak 16. asrın ilk yarısından itibaren görülmeye başlanmıştır. Aradaki yaklaşık iki buçuk asırlık boşluk dolayısıyla bu kaynakların geçmiş edebiyat hakkındaki bilgilerinde hatalar ve yanlışlıklar bulunacağı tabiidir. Bu makalede 16. asır biyografi kaynaklarında 15. asrın sonuna kadarki Türk edebiyatı hakkında verilen bilgilerin bir tenkidi yapılmaktadır. Bu maksatla ilk olarak çalışmada kullandığımız kaynaklar kısaca tanıtılmış, sonrasında mevzubahis devir 1389da Sultan I. Bayezidin tahta geçişine kadarki dönem, 1453te İstanbulun fethine kadarki dönem ve fetihten sonraki dönem olmak üzere üç ayrı devreye ayrılıp incelenmiştir. Bu tür bir taksim şuara tezkirelerinin aktardığı malumatla da uyum içindedir. Çalışmada tezkirelerin 1389a kadar oluşan edebiyat hakkında çok yetersiz bir bilgiye sahip oldukları görülmüştür. 1389-1453 dönemini ise Osmanlı edebiyatının oluşmaya başladığı dönem olarak kabul ettikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Bu dönemden zikredilen şair ve eser isimleri öncekiyle mukayese edilemeyecek kadar fazladır. Tezkirecilerin 1453ten itibaren yeni başşehirle beraber devletin ve sosyal hayatın takarrüründe önemli adımlar atılması sonucu edebî kültürde de mühim inkişaflar gerçekleştiğinin ve bu dönemin 16. asırda ulaşılacak olan parlak seviyenin habercisi olduğunun farkında bulunduğu müşahede edilmektedir.

Makale detayları

The Source Value of 16th Century Biographical Dictionaries on 14th-15th Centuries Turkish Literature

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Emin Saraç

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 1, pp.70-88

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358880

pISSN:

1015-2091

Classical Turkish literature

Ottoman literature

source criticism

biographical dictionaries

history of literatureKlasik Türk edebiyatı

Osmanlı edebiyatı

kaynak tenkidi

biyografi kaynakları

edebiyat tarihi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ahmet Emin Saraç

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı (Diğer)

Dergi: Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 1, pp.70-88

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 2/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001358880

pISSN: 1015-2091

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Emin Saraç

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi Vol.65 Issue 1, pp.70-88

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358880

pISSN:

1015-2091