Assessing the Livelihood Effect of Agricultural Enterprises to Climate Change in Terms of Assets: The Case of Grape Producers in Turkey

Betül Bahadır; Şener Uysal

Makale detayları

Assessing the Livelihood Effect of Agricultural Enterprises to Climate Change in Terms of Assets: The Case of Grape Producers in Turkey

Yazarlar:

Betül Bahadır | Şener Uysal

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarım Ekonomisi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 5, pp.1112-1129

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333231

pISSN:

1302-7050

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In Turkey, grape cultivation is directly affected by the adverse effects of climate change. Viticulture has an important for the Turkish economy with a production of approximately 4.2 million tons. However, the viticulture sector is facing climate-related risks, including drought, which threaten the livelihoods producers. Additionally, there is a lack of information regarding the extent to which livelihoods producers, both in general agricultural enterprises and specifically grape producers, are vulnerable to climate change and how this vulnerability varies among regions. This study aims to fill this gap. There has been no prior study that measures livelihood vulnerability to climate change in Turkey, neither in general for agricultural enterprises nor specifically for grape producers. The primary data for this study were collected through face-to-face interviews with 466 grape producers who operate in 35 districts of 8 provinces, which are among the major grape producers in 6 regions of Turkey. The Livelihood Effect Index LEI was used to calculate livelihood vulnerability. In the calculation of the LEI index, the capital elements possessed by enterprises were evaluated under separate headings, such as human capital, social capital, natural capital, financial capital, and physical capital. In addition, the exposure levels of enterprises to climate change were also assessed. As a result of the study, among the climate events faced by enterprises, extreme drought 2.25 and temperature increases 2.01 were found to be above the moderate level, while other climate events faced by enterprises included delayed rainfall season 1.94, frost events 1.77, shortened rainfall season 1.70, and hail events 1.68. Additionally, the Livelihood Effect Index LEI value for grape producers was calculated as 0.44, indicating that producers have a moderate susceptibility to the effects of shocks such as climate change on their livelihoods. It was observed that physical capital element constituted the most vulnerable capital element 0.790 for enterprises when faced with disasters such as climate change. Financial capital 0.582 and natural capital 0.436 had a moderate impact on the vulnerability of livelihoods. In provinces with higher livelihood vulnerability, such as Malatya 0.495, Adıyaman 0.490, and Elazığ 0.475, there is a need for activities to increase adaptation levels. The results may guide relevant stakeholders and policymakers in developing adaptation strategies, considering the different sensitivity levels of enterprise structures and the varying dimensions of exposure of climate change.

 In Turkey, grape cultivation is directly affected by the adverse effects of climate change. Viticulture has an important for the Turkish economy with a production of approximately 4.2 million tons. However, the viticulture sector is facing climate-related risks, including drought, which threaten the livelihoods producers. Additionally, there is a lack of information regarding the extent to which livelihoods producers, both in general agricultural enterprises and specifically grape producers, are vulnerable to climate change and how this vulnerability varies among regions. This study aims to fill this gap. There has been no prior study that measures livelihood vulnerability to climate change in Turkey, neither in general for agricultural enterprises nor specifically for grape producers. The primary data for this study were collected through face-to-face interviews with 466 grape producers who operate in 35 districts of 8 provinces, which are among the major grape producers in 6 regions of Turkey. The Livelihood Effect Index LEI was used to calculate livelihood vulnerability. In the calculation of the LEI index, the capital elements possessed by enterprises were evaluated under separate headings, such as human capital, social capital, natural capital, financial capital, and physical capital. In addition, the exposure levels of enterprises to climate change were also assessed. As a result of the study, among the climate events faced by enterprises, extreme drought 2.25 and temperature increases 2.01 were found to be above the moderate level, while other climate events faced by enterprises included delayed rainfall season 1.94, frost events 1.77, shortened rainfall season 1.70, and hail events 1.68. Additionally, the Livelihood Effect Index LEI value for grape producers was calculated as 0.44, indicating that producers have a moderate susceptibility to the effects of shocks such as climate change on their livelihoods. It was observed that physical capital element constituted the most vulnerable capital element 0.790 for enterprises when faced with disasters such as climate change. Financial capital 0.582 and natural capital 0.436 had a moderate impact on the vulnerability of livelihoods. In provinces with higher livelihood vulnerability, such as Malatya 0.495, Adıyaman 0.490, and Elazığ 0.475, there is a need for activities to increase adaptation levels. The results may guide relevant stakeholders and policymakers in developing adaptation strategies, considering the different sensitivity levels of enterprise structures and the varying dimensions of exposure of climate change.

 In Turkey, grape cultivation is directly affected by the adverse effects of climate change. Viticulture has an important for the Turkish economy with a production of approximately 4.2 million tons. However, the viticulture sector is facing climate-related risks, including drought, which threaten the livelihoods producers. Additionally, there is a lack of information regarding the extent to which livelihoods producers, both in general agricultural enterprises and specifically grape producers, are vulnerable to climate change and how this vulnerability varies among regions. This study aims to fill this gap. There has been no prior study that measures livelihood vulnerability to climate change in Turkey, neither in general for agricultural enterprises nor specifically for grape producers. The primary data for this study were collected through face-to-face interviews with 466 grape producers who operate in 35 districts of 8 provinces, which are among the major grape producers in 6 regions of Turkey. The Livelihood Effect Index LEI was used to calculate livelihood vulnerability. In the calculation of the LEI index, the capital elements possessed by enterprises were evaluated under separate headings, such as human capital, social capital, natural capital, financial capital, and physical capital. In addition, the exposure levels of enterprises to climate change were also assessed. As a result of the study, among the climate events faced by enterprises, extreme drought 2.25 and temperature increases 2.01 were found to be above the moderate level, while other climate events faced by enterprises included delayed rainfall season 1.94, frost events 1.77, shortened rainfall season 1.70, and hail events 1.68. Additionally, the Livelihood Effect Index LEI value for grape producers was calculated as 0.44, indicating that producers have a moderate susceptibility to the effects of shocks such as climate change on their livelihoods. It was observed that physical capital element constituted the most vulnerable capital element 0.790 for enterprises when faced with disasters such as climate change. Financial capital 0.582 and natural capital 0.436 had a moderate impact on the vulnerability of livelihoods. In provinces with higher livelihood vulnerability, such as Malatya 0.495, Adıyaman 0.490, and Elazığ 0.475, there is a need for activities to increase adaptation levels. The results may guide relevant stakeholders and policymakers in developing adaptation strategies, considering the different sensitivity levels of enterprise structures and the varying dimensions of exposure of climate change.

 Türkiyede iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkilerinden, tarımın diğer üretim biçimlerinde olduğu gibi, üzüm yetiştiriciliği de doğrudan etkilenmektedir. Türkiyede 4,2 milyon ton üzüm üretimi ile bağcılık Türkiye ekonomisi için önem arz etmektedir. Ancak Türkiyede bağcılık sektörü, üreticilerin geçim kaynaklarını tehdit eden kuraklık da dahil olmak üzere iklim kaynaklı risklerle karşı karşıyadır. Bununla birlikte, üreticilerin hanehalkı geçim kaynaklarının iklim değişikliği karşısında ne düzeyde kırılgan savunmasız olduğu ve bu kırılganlığın bölgeler arasında ne düzeyde farklılaştığı konusunda bilgi eksikliği vardır. Bu çalışma ile bu boşluğun doldurulması amaçlanmıştır. Türkiyede gerek genel olarak tarım işletmelerinin gerekse üzüm üreticileri özelinde iklim değişikliğine karşı geçim kaynakları kırılganlığını ölçmeye yönelik yapılmış çalışmaya rastlanılmamış olması çalışmayı özgün kılmaktadır. Çalışmanın birincil verileri, Türkiyenin önemli üzüm üreticisi 6 bölgedeki 8 ilde 35 ilçede üretim yapan 466 üzüm üreticisi ile yüz yüze görüşülerek anket formları aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Geçim kaynakları kırılganlıklarının hesaplanmasında LEI Livelihood Effect Index indekslerinden faydalanılmıştır. LEI indeksinin hesaplanmasında işletmelerin sahip oldukları sermaye unsurları insan sermayesi, sosyal sermaye, doğal sermaye, finansal sermaye ve fiziksel sermaye unsurları açısından ayrı başlıklar altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte işletmelerin iklim değişliğine maruziyet düzeyleri de değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, işletmelerin karşılaştıkları iklim olayları arasında en fazla aşırı kuraklık 2.25 ve sıcaklık artışları 2.01 orta düzeyin üzerinde gerçekleşirken, yağmur sezonunda gecikme 1.94, don olayları 1.77 ve yağmur sezonunda kısalma 1.70 ve dolu olayları 1.68 işletmelerin karşılaştıkları diğer iklim olayları arasında yer aldığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, üzüm üreticilerinin iklim değişikliğine karşı geçim kaynakları kırılganlığı LEI değeri 0.44 olarak hesaplanmış ve bu sonuç üreticilerin iklim değişikliği gibi şoklar karşısında geçim kaynaklarının orta düzeyde bir etkilenebilirliğe sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. İşletmelerin iklim değişikliği gibi afetler karşısında en fazla kırılgan sermaye unsurunu fiziksel sermayeleri oluşturduğu görülmüştür 0.790. İşletmelerin sahip oldukları finansal sermaye 0.582 ve doğal sermaye unsurları 0.436 ise geçim kaynakları etkilenebilirlik düzeyi üzerinde orta düzeyde etkilemektedir. Geçim kaynakları kırılganlığı fazla olan Malatya 0.495, Adıyaman 0.490 ve Elazığ 0.475 illerinde uyum düzeylerini artırıcı faaliyetlere ihtiyaç vardır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar ile tarım sektöründe bölgesel farklılıklar dikkate alınarak iklim değişikliğinin yaratmış olduğu farklı boyutlardaki maruziyetler ve işletme yapılarının farklı hassasiyet düzeyleri göz önüne alınarak işletmelerde hangi alanların güçlendirilmesi gerektiği konusunda ilgili paydaşlara ve politika yapıcılara uyum stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinde yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Makale detayları

Assessing the Livelihood Effect of Agricultural Enterprises to Climate Change in Terms of Assets: The Case of Grape Producers in Turkey

Yazarlar:

Betül Bahadır | Şener Uysal

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarım Ekonomisi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 5, pp.1112-1129

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333231

pISSN:

1302-7050

Viticulture

Climate change

Sustainable livelihoods

Adaptation capacity

VulnerabilityBağcılık

İklim Değişikliği

Maruziyet

Sürdürülebilir Geçim Kaynakları

Uyum Kapasitesi

Kırılganlık

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Betül Bahadır | Şener Uysal

Yayıncı: Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar: Tarım Ekonomisi (Diğer)

Dergi: Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 5, pp.1112-1129

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001333231

pISSN: 1302-7050

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Betül Bahadır | Şener Uysal

Yayıncı:

Tekirdag Namik Kemal University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tarım Ekonomisi (Diğer)

Dergi:

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 5, pp.1112-1129

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001333231

pISSN:

1302-7050