POWERFUL ACTORS OF GREAT STATES IN THE BALKAN WARS: THE PRE-WAR AND POST-WAR “STATUCO”- POLICIES OF SAZONOV, POİNCARE, AND GREY

Fatma Uygur

Makale detayları

POWERFUL ACTORS OF GREAT STATES IN THE BALKAN WARS: THE PRE-WAR AND POST-WAR “STATUCO”- POLICIES OF SAZONOV, POİNCARE, AND GREY

Yazarlar:

Fatma Uygur

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 74, pp.226-243

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318089

pISSN:

1303-5290

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In response to the Ottoman Empire, which had flourished as a Balkan state since the 14th century and whose political and military power in the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean had weakened as the 19th century entered, Austria, Russia and other great powers, whose political and commercial influence had increased, began to dominate the Balkans. While Sazonov was directing the political development of the small Slavic statelets, he made statements in favor of the status quo when it came to the east of Europe. According to Grey, first of all, an agreement between Russia and Austria was necessary to preserve the status quo. He is of the opinion that if they are to agree on the principle of intervention, there is no need to put pressure on Turkey and that it would be appropriate to offer friendly mediation and establish a basis for negotiations together. It will be France who will mobilize or persuade England, which is aware of every issue regarding the Balkans but remains silent. Considering the continuation of the status quo in the Balkans essential, Poincarés first reaction to Bulgaria and Serbia signing secret agreements was about the status quo of the Balkans. While Sazonov, who idealized the Russian-French-British triple combination, saw Austria-Hungary and Germany as secondary actors, when the footsteps of war began to be heard, he secretly conveyed to the French a proposal that included granting a kind of European mandate to Russia and Austria. Berchtold also declared that if a war breaks out between Turkey and the Balkan states, they will not accept any change in the current status quo. In this study, the Balkans are discussed within the framework of the diplomatic documents collection of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Les Affaires BalkaniquesBalkan Issues.

 In response to the Ottoman Empire, which had flourished as a Balkan state since the 14th century and whose political and military power in the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean had weakened as the 19th century entered, Austria, Russia and other great powers, whose political and commercial influence had increased, began to dominate the Balkans. While Sazonov was directing the political development of the small Slavic statelets, he made statements in favor of the status quo when it came to the east of Europe. According to Grey, first of all, an agreement between Russia and Austria was necessary to preserve the status quo. He is of the opinion that if they are to agree on the principle of intervention, there is no need to put pressure on Turkey and that it would be appropriate to offer friendly mediation and establish a basis for negotiations together. It will be France who will mobilize or persuade England, which is aware of every issue regarding the Balkans but remains silent. Considering the continuation of the status quo in the Balkans essential, Poincarés first reaction to Bulgaria and Serbia signing secret agreements was about the status quo of the Balkans. While Sazonov, who idealized the Russian-French-British triple combination, saw Austria-Hungary and Germany as secondary actors, when the footsteps of war began to be heard, he secretly conveyed to the French a proposal that included granting a kind of European mandate to Russia and Austria. Berchtold also declared that if a war breaks out between Turkey and the Balkan states, they will not accept any change in the current status quo. In this study, the Balkans are discussed within the framework of the diplomatic documents collection of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Les Affaires BalkaniquesBalkan Issues.

 In response to the Ottoman Empire, which had flourished as a Balkan state since the 14th century and whose political and military power in the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean had weakened as the 19th century entered, Austria, Russia and other great powers, whose political and commercial influence had increased, began to dominate the Balkans. While Sazonov was directing the political development of the small Slavic statelets, he made statements in favor of the status quo when it came to the east of Europe. According to Grey, first of all, an agreement between Russia and Austria was necessary to preserve the status quo. He is of the opinion that if they are to agree on the principle of intervention, there is no need to put pressure on Turkey and that it would be appropriate to offer friendly mediation and establish a basis for negotiations together. It will be France who will mobilize or persuade England, which is aware of every issue regarding the Balkans but remains silent. Considering the continuation of the status quo in the Balkans essential, Poincarés first reaction to Bulgaria and Serbia signing secret agreements was about the status quo of the Balkans. While Sazonov, who idealized the Russian-French-British triple combination, saw Austria-Hungary and Germany as secondary actors, when the footsteps of war began to be heard, he secretly conveyed to the French a proposal that included granting a kind of European mandate to Russia and Austria. Berchtold also declared that if a war breaks out between Turkey and the Balkan states, they will not accept any change in the current status quo. In this study, the Balkans are discussed within the framework of the diplomatic documents collection of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Les Affaires BalkaniquesBalkan Issues.

 XIV. yüzyıldan itibaren bir Balkan devleti olarak serpilip büyüyen, XIX. yüzyıla girerken Balkanlar ve Doğu Akdenizdeki siyasi ve askeri gücü zayıflayan Osmanlıya karşılık, siyasi ve ticari etkinliği artan Avusturya, Rusya ve diğer büyük güçler Balkanlarda hâkimiyet kurmaya başlamışlardı. Sazonov küçük Slav devletçiklerinin siyasi gelişimini yönlendirirken, Avrupanın doğusu söz konusu olduğunda statüko lehinde ifadeler kullanmıştır. Greye göre Rusya ile Avusturya arasında her şeyden önce bir anlaşma yapılması statükoyu korumak için gerekiyordu. Müdahale ilkesi üzerinde anlaşacaklarsa, Türkiyeye baskı yapmaya gerek olmadığı, dostane arabuluculuk teklif etmenin ve birlikte müzakere temeli oluşturmanın uygun olacağı görüşündedir. Balkanlarla ilgili her meseleden haberdar olan ancak sessiz kalan İngiltereyi hareket geçiren veya ikna eden Fransa olacaktır. Balkanlardaki statükonun devamını elzem gören Poincarénin gizli anlaşmalar imzalayan Bulgaristan ile Sırbistana verdiği ilk tepki Balkanların statükosü hakkındadır. Rus-Fransız-İngiliz üçlü kombinasyonunu idealize eden Sazonov, Avusturya-Macaristan ile Almanyayı ikincil aktörler olarak görürken, savaşın ayak sesleri duyulmaya başlayınca, Rusya ve Avusturyaya bir tür Avrupa mandası imtiyazı verilmesini içeren bir öneriyi gizlice Fransızlara iletmiştir. Berchtold da Türkiye ile Balkan devletleri arasında savaş çıkarsa mevcut statükonun herhangi bir şekilde değiştirilmesini kabul etmeyeceklerini beyan etmiştir. Bu çalışmada Balkanlar, Fransız Dışişleri Bakanlığının Les Affaires BalkaniquesBalkan Meseleleri konulu diplomatik belgeler koleksiyonu çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır.

Makale detayları

POWERFUL ACTORS OF GREAT STATES IN THE BALKAN WARS: THE PRE-WAR AND POST-WAR “STATUCO”- POLICIES OF SAZONOV, POİNCARE, AND GREY

Yazarlar:

Fatma Uygur

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 74, pp.226-243

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318089

pISSN:

1303-5290

European Mandate Concession

Grey

Poincaré

Sazonov

Status QuoAvrupa Mandası İmtiyazı

Grey

Poincaré

Sazonov

Statüko.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Fatma Uygur

Yayıncı: Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 74, pp.226-243

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 5/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001318089

pISSN: 1303-5290

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fatma Uygur

Yayıncı:

Ankara University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 74, pp.226-243

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

5/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318089

pISSN:

1303-5290