The Effect of Space Formation on Dome Usage Preference in Anatolian Madrasahs

Nur Efşan Göreci; Didem Erten Bilgiç

Makale detayları

The Effect of Space Formation on Dome Usage Preference in Anatolian Madrasahs

Yazarlar:

Nur Efşan Göreci | Didem Erten Bilgiç

Yayıncı:

Kocaeli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık

Dergi:

Mimarlık ve Yaşam Vol.8 Issue 1, pp.183-197

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001284511

pISSN:

2564-6109

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The domes, which were built to cover the space, developed over time and became an architectural element that gave the building an identity. It is a formal element that shapes the architectural composition of the building, reflecting the administrative and political power of the period in which it was built or the person on whose behalf it was built, while making functional contributions by allowing the possibility of closing wide openings. The dome has shown itself in many different cultures, and it has been carefully used in religious buildings such as mosques, madrasahs, masjids, tombs, taking a symbolic place as a reflection of religious rules on the shaping of space, especially in Islamic architecture. Among these structures, madrasas are important in Turkish-Islamic architecture as educational structures of the Islamic world. Madrasa structures, which took an important place in the Seljuk period, started to be built in Anatolian lands with the Anatolian Seljuks and developed architecturally until the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, when it lost its function. The dome in the madrasahs with iwan plan types, consisting of the classroom unit where education is given, the cells where the students stay and the courtyard, has affected the madrasa architecture by using it in different ways according to the possibilities of the period, the conditions of the geography in which it was built, the power of the person who built it, and the building material used. Over time, it covered different units and reflected the traces of different periods. In this study, the use of the dome, which changes according to the plan type, structure and the conditions of the geography, was examined by examining the madrasahs, which were built in Anatolia from the Anatolian Seljuk Empire to the Ottoman Empire, and whose plan information is available.

 The domes, which were built to cover the space, developed over time and became an architectural element that gave the building an identity. It is a formal element that shapes the architectural composition of the building, reflecting the administrative and political power of the period in which it was built or the person on whose behalf it was built, while making functional contributions by allowing the possibility of closing wide openings. The dome has shown itself in many different cultures, and it has been carefully used in religious buildings such as mosques, madrasahs, masjids, tombs, taking a symbolic place as a reflection of religious rules on the shaping of space, especially in Islamic architecture. Among these structures, madrasas are important in Turkish-Islamic architecture as educational structures of the Islamic world. Madrasa structures, which took an important place in the Seljuk period, started to be built in Anatolian lands with the Anatolian Seljuks and developed architecturally until the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, when it lost its function. The dome in the madrasahs with iwan plan types, consisting of the classroom unit where education is given, the cells where the students stay and the courtyard, has affected the madrasa architecture by using it in different ways according to the possibilities of the period, the conditions of the geography in which it was built, the power of the person who built it, and the building material used. Over time, it covered different units and reflected the traces of different periods. In this study, the use of the dome, which changes according to the plan type, structure and the conditions of the geography, was examined by examining the madrasahs, which were built in Anatolia from the Anatolian Seljuk Empire to the Ottoman Empire, and whose plan information is available.

 The domes, which were built to cover the space, developed over time and became an architectural element that gave the building an identity. It is a formal element that shapes the architectural composition of the building, reflecting the administrative and political power of the period in which it was built or the person on whose behalf it was built, while making functional contributions by allowing the possibility of closing wide openings. The dome has shown itself in many different cultures, and it has been carefully used in religious buildings such as mosques, madrasahs, masjids, tombs, taking a symbolic place as a reflection of religious rules on the shaping of space, especially in Islamic architecture. Among these structures, madrasas are important in Turkish-Islamic architecture as educational structures of the Islamic world. Madrasa structures, which took an important place in the Seljuk period, started to be built in Anatolian lands with the Anatolian Seljuks and developed architecturally until the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, when it lost its function. The dome in the madrasahs with iwan plan types, consisting of the classroom unit where education is given, the cells where the students stay and the courtyard, has affected the madrasa architecture by using it in different ways according to the possibilities of the period, the conditions of the geography in which it was built, the power of the person who built it, and the building material used. Over time, it covered different units and reflected the traces of different periods. In this study, the use of the dome, which changes according to the plan type, structure and the conditions of the geography, was examined by examining the madrasahs, which were built in Anatolia from the Anatolian Seljuk Empire to the Ottoman Empire, and whose plan information is available.

 Mekanın üzerini örtme amaçlı inşa edilen kubbeler zaman içinde gelişerek yapıya kimlik kazandıran mimari bir unsur olmuştur. Geniş açıklıkları kapatma olanağı tanıması ile işlevsel katkılarda bulunmuşken, yapının mimari kompozisyonunu biçimlendiren, inşa edildiği dönemin ya da adına inşa ettirildiği kişinin idari ve siyasi gücünü yansıtan biçimsel bir öğedir. Kubbe, pek çok farklı kültürde kendini göstermiş, özellikle İslam mimarisinde dini kuralların mekan biçimlenmesine yansıması olarak sembolik bir yer edinerek cami, medrese, mescit, türbe gibi dini yapılarda özenle kullanılmıştır. Bu yapılardan medreseler İslam dünyasının eğitim yapıları olarak Türk-İslam mimarisinde önem taşımaktadırlar. Selçuklular döneminde önemli yer edinen medrese yapıları Anadolu Selçukluları ile Anadolu topraklarında inşa edilmeye başlamış ve işlevini kaybettiği Osmanlının son dönemlerine kadar mimari açıdan gelişim kaydetmiştir. En temelde eğitim verilen dershane birimi, öğrencilerin kaldığı hücreler ve avludan oluşan, eyvanlı plan tiplerine sahip medreselerde kubbe, dönemin imkanlarına, inşa edildiği coğrafyanın şartlarına, inşa ettiren kişinin gücüne, kullanılan yapı malzemesine göre farklı biçimlerde kullanılarak medrese mimarisini etkilemiştir. Zaman içinde değişik birimlerin üzerini kapatarak farklı dönemlerin izlerini yansıtmıştır. Bu çalışmada literatür taraması yapılarak, Anadolu Selçuklu Devletinden Osmanlı Devletine Anadoluda inşa edilen, plan bilgileri mevcut medreseler incelenerek, plan tipine, strüktürüne, bulunduğu coğrafyanın şartlarına göre değişen kubbe kullanımı irdelenmiştir.

Makale detayları

The Effect of Space Formation on Dome Usage Preference in Anatolian Madrasahs

Yazarlar:

Nur Efşan Göreci | Didem Erten Bilgiç

Yayıncı:

Kocaeli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık

Dergi:

Mimarlık ve Yaşam Vol.8 Issue 1, pp.183-197

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001284511

pISSN:

2564-6109

Dome

Anatolian Architecture

Anatolian Seljuk Architecture

Ottoman Architecture

Central Space

Kubbe

Anadolu Mimarisi

Anadolu Selçuklu Mimarisi

Osmanlı Mimarisi

Merkezi Mekan

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Nur Efşan Göreci | Didem Erten Bilgiç

Yayıncı: Kocaeli University

Ana Başlıklar: Mimarlık

Dergi: Mimarlık ve Yaşam Vol.8 Issue 1, pp.183-197

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 2/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001284511

pISSN: 2564-6109

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Nur Efşan Göreci | Didem Erten Bilgiç

Yayıncı:

Kocaeli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Mimarlık

Dergi:

Mimarlık ve Yaşam Vol.8 Issue 1, pp.183-197

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

2/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001284511

pISSN:

2564-6109