Dynamic Modality Category in Sakha (Yakut) Turkic

Doğan Çolak

Makale detayları

Dynamic Modality Category in Sakha (Yakut) Turkic

Yazarlar:

Doğan Çolak

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dil Çalışmaları

Dergi:

Gazi Türkiyat Issue 32, pp.61-80

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295184

pISSN:

1307-914X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The meaning of dynamic modality provided by the verb u- in Orkhon Turkic language has also been expressed with the verbs bol-, bil- and al- in the process that has continued until modern dialects. The use of these verbs has continued in contemporary dialects, but different verbs with the same meaning and function also began to be used in Uzbek, Tatar, Khakas and Chuvash Turkic. In Sakha Turkic, this differentiation has reached its peak. As a result of the analysis carried out in this study, a total of three verbs sataa-, kıay-, tabılın- and two adjectives söp and kıaxtaax were identified. Each of them contains oneseveral of the meanings of potencypower, possibility, opportunitypossible and permissionprohibition expressed by the dynamic modality, and there are differences in the way they are used as a structure. The verbs sataa- and kıay- come before the main verb and take the adverb suffix. This situation draws attention in terms of the fact that it differs from the usual compound verb usage. Another remarkable point is that while verbs are mostly used in negative meanings, adjectives are used to express positive meanings. In addition, the use of adjectives in the formation of dynamic modality structure stands out as a characteristic feature of Sakha Turkic. Since there is no headings under the dynamic modality category in the grammar books of Sakha Turkic, the elements expressing dynamic modality in this study have been determined based on various grammar books, dictionaries, literary works and data from previous studies conducted by us. Identified verbs and adjectives were discussed separately and their meanings in the scanned works were determined, and sample sentences were provided for each of them. These verbs and adjectives have been classified grammatically in accordance with which suffixes they have with the verb before or after them. The findings were evaluated in the conclusion part.

 The meaning of dynamic modality provided by the verb u- in Orkhon Turkic language has also been expressed with the verbs bol-, bil- and al- in the process that has continued until modern dialects. The use of these verbs has continued in contemporary dialects, but different verbs with the same meaning and function also began to be used in Uzbek, Tatar, Khakas and Chuvash Turkic. In Sakha Turkic, this differentiation has reached its peak. As a result of the analysis carried out in this study, a total of three verbs sataa-, kıay-, tabılın- and two adjectives söp and kıaxtaax were identified. Each of them contains oneseveral of the meanings of potencypower, possibility, opportunitypossible and permissionprohibition expressed by the dynamic modality, and there are differences in the way they are used as a structure. The verbs sataa- and kıay- come before the main verb and take the adverb suffix. This situation draws attention in terms of the fact that it differs from the usual compound verb usage. Another remarkable point is that while verbs are mostly used in negative meanings, adjectives are used to express positive meanings. In addition, the use of adjectives in the formation of dynamic modality structure stands out as a characteristic feature of Sakha Turkic. Since there is no headings under the dynamic modality category in the grammar books of Sakha Turkic, the elements expressing dynamic modality in this study have been determined based on various grammar books, dictionaries, literary works and data from previous studies conducted by us. Identified verbs and adjectives were discussed separately and their meanings in the scanned works were determined, and sample sentences were provided for each of them. These verbs and adjectives have been classified grammatically in accordance with which suffixes they have with the verb before or after them. The findings were evaluated in the conclusion part.

 The meaning of dynamic modality provided by the verb u- in Orkhon Turkic language has also been expressed with the verbs bol-, bil- and al- in the process that has continued until modern dialects. The use of these verbs has continued in contemporary dialects, but different verbs with the same meaning and function also began to be used in Uzbek, Tatar, Khakas and Chuvash Turkic. In Sakha Turkic, this differentiation has reached its peak. As a result of the analysis carried out in this study, a total of three verbs sataa-, kıay-, tabılın- and two adjectives söp and kıaxtaax were identified. Each of them contains oneseveral of the meanings of potencypower, possibility, opportunitypossible and permissionprohibition expressed by the dynamic modality, and there are differences in the way they are used as a structure. The verbs sataa- and kıay- come before the main verb and take the adverb suffix. This situation draws attention in terms of the fact that it differs from the usual compound verb usage. Another remarkable point is that while verbs are mostly used in negative meanings, adjectives are used to express positive meanings. In addition, the use of adjectives in the formation of dynamic modality structure stands out as a characteristic feature of Sakha Turkic. Since there is no headings under the dynamic modality category in the grammar books of Sakha Turkic, the elements expressing dynamic modality in this study have been determined based on various grammar books, dictionaries, literary works and data from previous studies conducted by us. Identified verbs and adjectives were discussed separately and their meanings in the scanned works were determined, and sample sentences were provided for each of them. These verbs and adjectives have been classified grammatically in accordance with which suffixes they have with the verb before or after them. The findings were evaluated in the conclusion part.

 Köktürkçede u- fiili ile sağlanan yeterlilik anlamı çağdaş lehçelere kadar devam eden süreçte bol-, bil-ve al- fiilleriyle de ifade edilir olmuştur. Çağdaş lehçelerde bu fiillerin kullanımı devam etmiş ancak Özbek, Tatar, Hakas ve Çuvaş Türkçelerinde aynı anlam ve işlevde farklı fiiller de kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Saha Türkçesinde ise bu farklılaşma had safhaya varmıştır. Bu çalışmada yapılan inceleme neticesinde yeterlilik ifadesi taşıyan toplam üç fiil sataa-, kıay-, tabılın- ve iki sıfat söp ve kıaxtaax tespit edilmiştir. Herbiri yeterliliğin ifade ettiği iktidargüç, ihtimal, imkânmümkün ve izinyasak anlamlarından birinibirkaçını ihtiva etmekte olup yapı olarak kullanım şekillerinde de farklılık söz konusudur. Fiillerden sataa- ve kıay- ana fiilden önce gelmekte ve zarf fiil ekini almaktadır. Bu durum alışılmış birleşik fiil kullanımdan farklılık göstermesi bakımından dikkat çekmektedir. Bir başka dikkat çeken husus ise fiiler daha çok olumsuz anlam içerisinde kullanılırken sıfatlar olumlu anlamları ifade etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca yeterlilik yapısının teşkilinde sıfat kullanılması Saha Türkçesine has karakteristik bir özellik olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Saha Türkçesi gramer kitaplarında yeterlilik kategorisi adı altında bir başlık olmaması dolayısıyla bu çalışmada yeterlilik ifade eden unsurlar çeşitli gramer kitapları, sözlükler, edebî eserler ve daha önce tarafımızdan yapılan çalışmalardaki verilerden hareketle tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen fiil ve sıfatlar ayrı ayrı ele alınarak taranan eserlerde ifade ettiği anlamlar tespit edilmiş ve her biri ile ilgili örnek cümleler verilmiştir. Bu fiil ve sıfatların kendisinden önceki veya sonraki fiil ile hangi ekleri aldığına göre kendi içerisinde gramatikal bir tasnife tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgular sonuç kısmında değerlendirilmiştir.

Makale detayları

Dynamic Modality Category in Sakha (Yakut) Turkic

Yazarlar:

Doğan Çolak

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dil Çalışmaları

Dergi:

Gazi Türkiyat Issue 32, pp.61-80

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295184

pISSN:

1307-914X

verb of dynamic modality

dynamic modality category

Sakha (Yakut) TurkicSaha (Yakut) Türkçesi

yeterlilik fiili

yeterlilik kategorisi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Dynamic Modality Category in Sakha (Yakut) Turkic

Yazarlar: Doğan Çolak

Yayıncı: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar: Dil Çalışmaları

Dergi: Gazi Türkiyat Issue 32, pp.61-80

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001295184

pISSN: 1307-914X

verb of dynamic modality

dynamic modality category

Sakha (Yakut) TurkicSaha (Yakut) Türkçesi

yeterlilik fiili

yeterlilik kategorisi

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Doğan Çolak

Yayıncı:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dil Çalışmaları

Dergi:

Gazi Türkiyat Issue 32, pp.61-80

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295184

pISSN:

1307-914X