A Group of Byzantine Wall Paintings on Rock Surfaces in İncirliova, Aydın and Yatağan, Muğla

Hatice Özyurt Özcan

Makale detayları

A Group of Byzantine Wall Paintings on Rock Surfaces in İncirliova, Aydın and Yatağan, Muğla

Yazarlar:

Hatice Özyurt Özcan

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Teori ve Eleştiri (Diğer) | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.865-887

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310269

pISSN:

1300-5707

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Four painted rock surfaces were found in Ballıkaya, above the village of Dereağzı in Incirliova district of Aydın, and in Yava village of Yatağan district of Muğla Province. In Ballıkaya, Aydın, on the right side of the entrance of the cave, which is located in a very steep area, a single figure, the Archangel Michael, is depicted in a panel consisting of a bluish-grey background on the plastered surface from the front and standing. The angel is wearing a tunic and armour with an embroidered front. The angel, whose open wings spread on both sides and reach down to the ground, holds the sword resting on his shoulder with one hand and the scabbard downwards with the other. The first of the paintings identified in Yatağan is located in southwest of the monumental rock mass popularly known as Resimli Kaya. The paintings, which were painted on the unplastered surface, are located on two bands extending in the east-west direction. The first identifiable scene in the upper strip is the betrayal of Judas. In the central part of the depiction, there are two standing figures, one with a body painted from the front and the other from the side. The heads of these figures, representing Jesus on the left and Judas on the right, leaning against each other, are from the front. The Crucifixion of Jesus is depicted in the continuation of the depiction. In the centre of the composition, there are Jesus, Mary and John on the cross. In the lower band are six medallions depicting portraits of saints, bishops or church fathers in bust form. The third painting in Yatağan is in a small space called the Rosette Cave formed by stone blocks to the north of the Painted Rock Mass. There are no figures in the plaster paintings. The naturally formed dome-like form in the space is framed by a thin black line and the interior is bordered by a thick circular border in light green. In the lower part of the outer left corner of the circular frame, there is a tulip motif with long green leaves. The fourth painted surface at Yatağan is located in a deep niche on the west face of the rock mass called Nişli Kaya, northwest of the Resimli Kaya. The interior of the niche was plastered and decorated with a single scene painting. In the centre of the scene, Mary and child Jesus are depicted. Based on the stylistic and iconographic characteristics of the paintings, it is understood that the second phase of the first group of paintings of the Painted Rock was renewed during the Middle Byzantine period. As for the paintings on the rosette rock, their stylistic and motif choices point to the Iconoclasm period.

 Four painted rock surfaces were found in Ballıkaya, above the village of Dereağzı in Incirliova district of Aydın, and in Yava village of Yatağan district of Muğla Province. In Ballıkaya, Aydın, on the right side of the entrance of the cave, which is located in a very steep area, a single figure, the Archangel Michael, is depicted in a panel consisting of a bluish-grey background on the plastered surface from the front and standing. The angel is wearing a tunic and armour with an embroidered front. The angel, whose open wings spread on both sides and reach down to the ground, holds the sword resting on his shoulder with one hand and the scabbard downwards with the other. The first of the paintings identified in Yatağan is located in southwest of the monumental rock mass popularly known as Resimli Kaya. The paintings, which were painted on the unplastered surface, are located on two bands extending in the east-west direction. The first identifiable scene in the upper strip is the betrayal of Judas. In the central part of the depiction, there are two standing figures, one with a body painted from the front and the other from the side. The heads of these figures, representing Jesus on the left and Judas on the right, leaning against each other, are from the front. The Crucifixion of Jesus is depicted in the continuation of the depiction. In the centre of the composition, there are Jesus, Mary and John on the cross. In the lower band are six medallions depicting portraits of saints, bishops or church fathers in bust form. The third painting in Yatağan is in a small space called the Rosette Cave formed by stone blocks to the north of the Painted Rock Mass. There are no figures in the plaster paintings. The naturally formed dome-like form in the space is framed by a thin black line and the interior is bordered by a thick circular border in light green. In the lower part of the outer left corner of the circular frame, there is a tulip motif with long green leaves. The fourth painted surface at Yatağan is located in a deep niche on the west face of the rock mass called Nişli Kaya, northwest of the Resimli Kaya. The interior of the niche was plastered and decorated with a single scene painting. In the centre of the scene, Mary and child Jesus are depicted. Based on the stylistic and iconographic characteristics of the paintings, it is understood that the second phase of the first group of paintings of the Painted Rock was renewed during the Middle Byzantine period. As for the paintings on the rosette rock, their stylistic and motif choices point to the Iconoclasm period.

 Four painted rock surfaces were found in Ballıkaya, above the village of Dereağzı in Incirliova district of Aydın, and in Yava village of Yatağan district of Muğla Province. In Ballıkaya, Aydın, on the right side of the entrance of the cave, which is located in a very steep area, a single figure, the Archangel Michael, is depicted in a panel consisting of a bluish-grey background on the plastered surface from the front and standing. The angel is wearing a tunic and armour with an embroidered front. The angel, whose open wings spread on both sides and reach down to the ground, holds the sword resting on his shoulder with one hand and the scabbard downwards with the other. The first of the paintings identified in Yatağan is located in southwest of the monumental rock mass popularly known as Resimli Kaya. The paintings, which were painted on the unplastered surface, are located on two bands extending in the east-west direction. The first identifiable scene in the upper strip is the betrayal of Judas. In the central part of the depiction, there are two standing figures, one with a body painted from the front and the other from the side. The heads of these figures, representing Jesus on the left and Judas on the right, leaning against each other, are from the front. The Crucifixion of Jesus is depicted in the continuation of the depiction. In the centre of the composition, there are Jesus, Mary and John on the cross. In the lower band are six medallions depicting portraits of saints, bishops or church fathers in bust form. The third painting in Yatağan is in a small space called the Rosette Cave formed by stone blocks to the north of the Painted Rock Mass. There are no figures in the plaster paintings. The naturally formed dome-like form in the space is framed by a thin black line and the interior is bordered by a thick circular border in light green. In the lower part of the outer left corner of the circular frame, there is a tulip motif with long green leaves. The fourth painted surface at Yatağan is located in a deep niche on the west face of the rock mass called Nişli Kaya, northwest of the Resimli Kaya. The interior of the niche was plastered and decorated with a single scene painting. In the centre of the scene, Mary and child Jesus are depicted. Based on the stylistic and iconographic characteristics of the paintings, it is understood that the second phase of the first group of paintings of the Painted Rock was renewed during the Middle Byzantine period. As for the paintings on the rosette rock, their stylistic and motif choices point to the Iconoclasm period.

 Aydının İncirliova ilçesine bağlı Dereağzı köyünün yukarısında Ballıkaya ve Muğla İline bağlı Yatağan ilçesinin Yava köyü sınırları içinde kaya yüzeyine yapılmış dört resimli yüzey tespit edilmiştir. Aydın, Ballıkayada oldukça sarp bir alanda bulunan mağaranın girişinin sağ tarafında, sıvalı yüzeyinin üzeri mavimsi-gri bir fondan oluşan panonun içerisine tek figür olarak cepheden ve ayakta Başmelek Mikhail resmedilmiştir. Melek bir tunik üzerine, önü işlemeli bir zırh giymiştir. İki yana yayılmış açık kanatları yere kadar uzanan melek, bir eliyle omzuna dayanan kılıcı, diğeriyle kını aşağıya doğru tutmaktadır. Yatağanda tespit edilen resimlerin ilki halk arasında Resimli Kaya olarak anılan anıtsal kaya kütlesinin güneybatısında yer almaktadır. Sıvasız yüzeye yapılmış olan resimler, doğu-batı doğrultusunda uzanan iki şerit üzerinde yer almaktadır. Üst şeritte tanımlanabilen ilk sahne Yahudanın ihanetidir. Tasvirin orta bölümünde ayakta, birinin gövdesi cepheden, diğerininki yandan resmedilmiş iki figür yer almaktadır. Soldaki İsayı, sağdaki Yahudayı temsil eden bu figürlerin birbirine yaslanmış başları cephedendir. Tasvirin devamına İsanın Çarmıha Gerilmesi resmedilmiştir. Kompozisyonun orta kısmında, çarmıhta İsa, Meryem ve Yahya yer almaktadır. Alt şeritte içinde büst formunda aziz, piskopos ya da kilise babalarına ait portelerin resmedildiği altı madalyan yer alır. Yatağandaki üçüncü resim, Resimli Kaya Kütlesinin kuzeyinde, taş bloklarının oluşturduğu Rozetli Mağara olarak adlandırdığımız küçük bir mekândadır. Sıva üzerine yapılmış resimlerde figüre yer verilmemiştir. Mekân içinde doğal yolla oluşmuş kubbemsi formun etrafı siyah, ince bir çizgiyle çerçevelenerek içerisi açık yeşil renkli kalın dairesel bir bordürle sınırlandırılmıştır. Dairesel çerçevenin sol dış köşesinin alt bölümünde, uzun yeşil yapraklı bir lale motifi yer almaktadır. Yatağandaki dördüncü resimli yüzey, Resimli kayanın kuzeybatısında, Nişli Kaya olarak adlandırdığımız kaya kütlesinin batı yüzünde bulunan derin bir nişin içindedir. Nişin içi sıvanarak, tek sahneli bir resimle bezenmiştir. Sahnenin ortasına, Meryem ve kucağında çocuk İsa resmedilmiştir. Rozetli Mağara haricindeki resimlerin, üslupsal ve ikonokrafik özelliklerinden hareketle Orta Bizans dönemi içinde yapıldığı Resimli Kayanın 1. grup resimlerinin 2. evresinin de yine bu dönem içerisinde yenilendiği anlaşılmaktadır. Rozetli kayada yer alan resimlerin ise, üslup ve motif seçimleri İkonoklazma dönemine işaret etmektedir.

Makale detayları

A Group of Byzantine Wall Paintings on Rock Surfaces in İncirliova, Aydın and Yatağan, Muğla

Yazarlar:

Hatice Özyurt Özcan

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Teori ve Eleştiri (Diğer) | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.865-887

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310269

pISSN:

1300-5707

Byzantine Art

Rock Paintings

secco

Yatagan

Red Root PaintBizans Sanatı

secco

Kaya Resimleri

Yatağan

Kırmızı Kök Boya

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hatice Özyurt Özcan

Yayıncı: Ege University

Ana Başlıklar: Sanat Tarihi | Teori ve Eleştiri (Diğer) | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi: Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.865-887

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001310269

pISSN: 1300-5707

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hatice Özyurt Özcan

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Teori ve Eleştiri (Diğer) | Sanat Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 2, pp.865-887

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001310269

pISSN:

1300-5707