Women's Rights and Status from The Ottoman State to The Republic of Turkiye

Ümmügülsüm Candeğer

Makale detayları

Women's Rights and Status from The Ottoman State to The Republic of Turkiye

Yazarlar:

Ümmügülsüm Candeğer

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi , pp.89-105

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302714

pISSN:

2147-2610

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the old Turks, there was no great distinction between men and women as a requirement of the difficult conditions of life and the respect for nature, and both sexes of human beings had their personal rights. At the administrative level, the wife of the Khan, with the title of Hatun, took a role in the state administration. In other contemporary societies, women are generally second-class citizens, either killed or sold. In other societies, it has been observed that women are not given the right of being human in the family. In the period after the Turks accepted Islam and came to Anatolia, women were imprisoned in their homes, especially in cities, as a result of their interaction with the surrounding cultures and the interpretation of religion. In the 19th century, during the modernization and westernization period of the Ottoman Empire, women began to become more visible in society, especially due to the losses in the wars, women began to take a more part in working life. Women who succeeded to have rights in the field of education in the last years of the Ottoman Empire, after the proclamation of the Republic, first gained their personal rights through education, then civil law, and then their political rights. In gaining their political rights, they had the right to elect and be elected, first in the municipal elections, then in the mukhtar elections, and finally in the parliamentary elections. In this study, the change and transformation in womens rights in the process from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey are discussed. The aim of the study is to better explain the development of womens rights by making use of primary and secondary sources.

 In the old Turks, there was no great distinction between men and women as a requirement of the difficult conditions of life and the respect for nature, and both sexes of human beings had their personal rights. At the administrative level, the wife of the Khan, with the title of Hatun, took a role in the state administration. In other contemporary societies, women are generally second-class citizens, either killed or sold. In other societies, it has been observed that women are not given the right of being human in the family. In the period after the Turks accepted Islam and came to Anatolia, women were imprisoned in their homes, especially in cities, as a result of their interaction with the surrounding cultures and the interpretation of religion. In the 19th century, during the modernization and westernization period of the Ottoman Empire, women began to become more visible in society, especially due to the losses in the wars, women began to take a more part in working life. Women who succeeded to have rights in the field of education in the last years of the Ottoman Empire, after the proclamation of the Republic, first gained their personal rights through education, then civil law, and then their political rights. In gaining their political rights, they had the right to elect and be elected, first in the municipal elections, then in the mukhtar elections, and finally in the parliamentary elections. In this study, the change and transformation in womens rights in the process from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey are discussed. The aim of the study is to better explain the development of womens rights by making use of primary and secondary sources.

 In the old Turks, there was no great distinction between men and women as a requirement of the difficult conditions of life and the respect for nature, and both sexes of human beings had their personal rights. At the administrative level, the wife of the Khan, with the title of Hatun, took a role in the state administration. In other contemporary societies, women are generally second-class citizens, either killed or sold. In other societies, it has been observed that women are not given the right of being human in the family. In the period after the Turks accepted Islam and came to Anatolia, women were imprisoned in their homes, especially in cities, as a result of their interaction with the surrounding cultures and the interpretation of religion. In the 19th century, during the modernization and westernization period of the Ottoman Empire, women began to become more visible in society, especially due to the losses in the wars, women began to take a more part in working life. Women who succeeded to have rights in the field of education in the last years of the Ottoman Empire, after the proclamation of the Republic, first gained their personal rights through education, then civil law, and then their political rights. In gaining their political rights, they had the right to elect and be elected, first in the municipal elections, then in the mukhtar elections, and finally in the parliamentary elections. In this study, the change and transformation in womens rights in the process from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey are discussed. The aim of the study is to better explain the development of womens rights by making use of primary and secondary sources.

 Eski Türklerde hayatın zor koşulları ve doğaya olan saygının da gereği olarak kadın ve erkek arasında büyük bir ayrım yapılmamış insanoğlunun iki cinsi de kişisel haklarına sahip olmuştur. Yönetim kademesinde de hakanın eşi hatun unvanıyla devlet yönetiminde söz sahibi olmuştur. Çağdaşı olan diğer toplumlarda ise kadın genellikle ikinci sınıf vatandaş konumunda olup ya öldürülmüş ya da satılmıştır. Diğer toplumlarda aile kurumunun içinde de kadına insan olmanın gereği olan haklarının verilmediği görülmüştür. Türklerin İslamiyeti kabulünden ve Anadoluya gelişinden sonraki dönemde ise hem çevredeki kültürlerle olan etkileşimleri hem de dinin yorumlanması neticesinde kadınlar özellikle şehirlerde evlerinin içine hapsolmuştur. Osmanlı Devletinin XIX. yüzyıldaki yenileşme ve batılılaşma döneminde kadınlar toplum içinde daha görünür hale gelmeye başlamış, özellikle savaşlardaki kayıplar nedeniyle kadınlar çalışma yaşamında daha çok yer almaya başlamışlardır. Osmanlı Devletinin son yıllarında eğitim alanında haklara sahip olmayı başaran kadınlar Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra önce eğitim ardından medeni kanun ile kişisel haklarına ve daha sonra da siyasi haklarına sahip olmuşlardır. Siyasi haklarının kazanılmasında önce belediye seçimleri ardından muhtarlık seçimleri ve son olarak da milletvekili seçme ve seçilme hakkına sahip olmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Devletinden Türkiye Cumhuriyetine giden süreçte kadın haklarındaki değişim ve dönüşüm ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada birinci el kaynaklar ve ikinci el kaynaklardan yararlanılarak kadın haklarındaki gelişimin daha iyi açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.

Makale detayları

Women's Rights and Status from The Ottoman State to The Republic of Turkiye

Yazarlar:

Ümmügülsüm Candeğer

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi , pp.89-105

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302714

pISSN:

2147-2610

Women

right to vote and be elected

Civil LawKadın hakları

Seçme ve seçilme hakkı

Medeni Kanun.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Women's Rights and Status from The Ottoman State to The Republic of Turkiye

Yazarlar: Ümmügülsüm Candeğer

Yayıncı: Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi , pp.89-105

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001302714

pISSN: 2147-2610

Women

right to vote and be elected

Civil LawKadın hakları

Seçme ve seçilme hakkı

Medeni Kanun.

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ümmügülsüm Candeğer

Yayıncı:

Ayla KAŞOĞLU

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi , pp.89-105

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302714

pISSN:

2147-2610