An Analysis and Metaphorical Interpretation of the Tradition “The World is the Believer's Dungeon and the Unbeliever's Paradise”

Furkan Çakır

Makale detayları

An Analysis and Metaphorical Interpretation of the Tradition “The World is the Believer's Dungeon and the Unbeliever's Paradise”

Yazarlar:

Furkan Çakır

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 1, pp.60-80

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319242

pISSN:

2528-9861

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study deals with the hadith attributed to the Prophet, The world is the believers dungeon and the unbelievers paradise. A literature review of the aforementioned hadith reveals no independent research on the subject. In fact, there are many studies in our scholarly tradition that examine a single hadith in all its aspects. However, the fact that the hadith in question is considered to be a conventional hadith with a clear message may be the reason why it has not been the subject of both Arabic and Western studies. The narration has been found to be transmitted from five different companions of the Prophet in various texts in the main hadith sources. In our research, the value of the narration in terms of the science of hadith is discussed by analyzing the texts and the sanads separately. Since the narration has many versions, the research is limited to marfū narrations. The chapter titles under which the narration is found in the main hadith texts and how the text is approached in classical hadith commentaries have been analyzed. It has been determined that the narration has become an integral part of the subject of zuhd renunciation and accordingly has an important place in the literature of preaching and guidance. The statements in the hadith about the believers relationship with the life of the world have led to its association with zuhd, which can be roughly defined as turning away from everything mortal. The hadith commentators, on the other hand, associated the aforementioned narrations with the temptation of worldly desires, the difficulty of being obliged to continuous and arduous acts of worship, and the need to be patient with the calamities that befall individuals in the world. In this respect, it is seen that the commentators evaluated the hadith from a similar perspective. In our study, it has been determined whether it is possible to evaluate the hadith from a different perspective considering the metaphorical narrative form in the Qurān and hadith texts. Because metaphor is an important element of rhetorical arts and is the art of establishing a meaning connection between different subjects without using prepositions of analogy. Although it bears similarities with types such as allegory, metaphor, simile, allegory and allusion, it differs from the others in that it strengthens the words by emphasizing the style of expression rather than the subject matter. Metaphors not only add depth to the world of thought, but also allow complex or abstract concepts to be expressed more clearly. While revealing the power of language, it increases the emphasis of the message contained in the narrative by reinforcing the ability to establish creative thinking and emotional connections and makes a deeper impression on the interlocutor. Based on all these, when it is accepted that the concept of dungeon in the relevant text contains a metaphorical meaning, it can be said that it is open to a new interpretation attempt. We have chosen a way of interpretation against the crisis of thought and morality that has emerged especially in the modern period in a clear, obvious and noticeable level, and we have handled the related narration with a metaphorical interpretation attempt by considering the relationship between civilization and sunnah of the Prophet. It is argued that in these words the Messenger of Allah rejected the one-worldism of decadent and decaying civilizations as a source of injustice and misery, rejected over- or under-valuing blessings and deprivations, and sought to raise consciousness against those who think that they will lose everything at death. In addition, there are a number of crises that prevent modern man from reviving Islamic civilization. These are spiritual, individual, intellectual, metaphysical and social crises. Man can overcome the spiritual crisis by spiritual progress and enlightenment; the individual crisis by not leaving values to desires; the intellectual crisis by developing critical thinking in a way that is open to different ideas; the metaphysical crisis by turning away from worldly temptations and existential constraints and turning towards the search for knowledge and meaning; and the social crisis by contributing to changes in society and fighting for human rights. In our research, the idea that human beings can overcome these crises and gain freedom and establish their own civilization by getting out of the dungeon is put forward through a metaphorical interpretation. In this way, it has been examined whether it is possible to identify the problems we face in the modern period and to propose solutions to these problems by feeding on the narration culture. In this context, the discussions around how the narration The world is the believers dungeon and the unbelievers paradise is understood or should be understood have been touched upon and a new interpretation has been sought.

 Bu araştırma Hz. Peygambere izafe edilen Dünya müminin zindanı, kâfirin cennetidir rivayetini konu edinmektedir. Zikri geçen hadisle ilgili literatür taraması yapıldığında müstakil bir araştırmaya rastlanmamaktadır. Esasında ilim geleneğimizde tek bir hadisi bütün yönleriyle inceleyen pek çok araştırma vardır. Ancak söz konusu haberin müsellem ve mesajı açık kabul edilmesi hem Arap hem de Batı araştırmalarına konu edilmemesinin gerekçesi olabilir. İlgili rivayetin temel hadis kaynaklarında muhtelif metinlerle, beş ayrı sahâbîden aktarıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmamızda sözü edilen metin ve senedler ayrı ayrı incelenerek rivayetin hadis ilmi açısından değeri tartışılmıştır. Rivayetin pek çok tariki olduğu için araştırma merfu haberlerle sınırlandırılmıştır. Sözü edilen rivayete temel hadis metinlerinde hangi bâb başlığı altında yer verildiği ve klasik hadis şerhlerinde metne nasıl yaklaşıldığı tetkik edilmiştir. Rivayetin zühd konusunun ayrılmaz bir parçası haline geldiği ve buna bağlı olarak vaaz ve irşad literatüründe önemli bir yer tuttuğu tespit edilmiştir. Hadiste müminin dünya hayatıyla ilişkisine dair serdedilen ifadeler, kabaca fâni olan her şeye yüz çevirmek şeklinde tanımlayabileceğimiz zühdle ilişkilendirilmesine yol açmıştır. Hadis şârihleri ise mezkûr haberi dünya arzularının cezb ediciliğiyle, süreklilik arz eden meşakkatli ibadetlerle mükellef olmanın verdiği zorlukla ve dünyada bireylerin başına gelen musibetlere karşı sabretmesi gerektiğiyle ilişkilendirmişlerdir. Bu bakımdan musannifler ile şârihlerin hadisi benzer perspektifle değerlendirdikleri görülmüştür. Çalışmamızda, Kuran ve hadis metinlerinde yer alan metaforik anlatı biçimi göz önünde tutulduğunda hadisi farklı bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirmenin mümkün olup olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Zira metafor, retorik sanatların önemli bir unsuru olup, benzetme edatlarını kullanmadan farklı konular arasında anlam bağlantısı kurma sanatıdır. İstiare, teşbih, alegori ve kinaye gibi türlerle benzerlikler taşısa da anlatılan konudan ziyade anlatım tarzını vurgulayarak sözleri güçlendirmesiyle diğerlerinden ayrılmaktadır. Metaforlar düşünce dünyasına derinlik katmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda karmaşık veya soyut kavramların daha anlaşılır ifade edilmesine imkân tanır. Dilin gücünü ortaya çıkarırken, yaratıcı düşünce ve duygusal bağlantılar kurma becerisini pekiştirerek anlatının içerdiği mesajın vurgusunu artırır ve muhatapta daha derin etki bırakmayı sağlar. Tüm bunlardan hareketle ilgili metinde yer alan zindan kavramının metaforik bir anlam içerdiği kabul edildiğinde yeni bir yorum denemesine açık olduğu söylenebilir. Özellikle modern dönemde belirgin, açık ve fark edilir düzeyde ortaya çıkan düşünce ve ahlak krizine karşı bir anlamlandırma yolu seçerek ilgili rivayeti medeniyet ve sünnet ilişkisini göz önünde tutarak metaforik bir yorum denemesiyle ele aldık. Zira bu sözleriyle Resûl-i Ekremin çökmüş ve çürümekte olan medeniyetlerin haksızlık ve sefaletin kaynağı haline getirdiği tek dünyacı anlayışı reddettiği, nimetlere ve mahrumiyetlere karşı gereğinden fazla ya da az değer atfetmeyi kabul etmediği ve ölümle her şeyini kaybedeceğini düşünenlere karşı bilinç uyandırmaya çalıştığı iddia edilmektedir. Bunun yanında modern insanın İslâm medeniyetini yeniden canlandırabilmesini engelleyen bir dizi kriz vardır. Bunlar ruhsal, bireysel, düşünsel, metafizik ve toplumsal krizlerdir. İnsan, ruhsal krizi manevi ilerleme ve aydınlanmayla; bireysel krizi değerleri arzulara bırakmamakla; düşünsel krizi farklı düşüncelere açık bir şekilde eleştirel düşünceyi geliştirmekle; metafizik krizi dünyevi cazibelerden arınarak varoluşsal kısıtlamalara sırt çevirip bilgi ve anlam arayışına yönelmekle; toplumsal krizi toplumdaki değişimlere katkıda bulunarak insan hakları mücadelesi vermekle alt edebilir. Araştırmamızda insanın bu krizlerle başa çıkıp zindandan kurtularak özgürlüğe kavuşacağı ve kendi medeniyetini kurabileceği fikri metaforik bir yorum denemesiyle ileri sürülmüştür. Modern dönemde karşımıza çıkan sorunların tespitinin ve bu sorunlara dair çözüm önerilerinin rivayet kültüründen beslenmek suretiyle yapılmasının mümkün olup olmadığı da bu sayede tetkik edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Dünya müminin zindanı, kâfirin cennetidir rivayetinin ne şekilde anlaşıldığı veya anlaşılması gerektiği etrafındaki tartışmalara temas edilerek yeni bir yorum arayışına gidilmiştir. Söz konusu arayış deneme olarak isimlendirilmiş ve sonraki araştırmacıların çok daha kapsamlı denemelerde bulunması hedeflenmiştir.

 This study deals with the hadith attributed to the Prophet, The world is the believers dungeon and the unbelievers paradise. A literature review of the aforementioned hadith reveals no independent research on the subject. In fact, there are many studies in our scholarly tradition that examine a single hadith in all its aspects. However, the fact that the hadith in question is considered to be a conventional hadith with a clear message may be the reason why it has not been the subject of both Arabic and Western studies. The narration has been found to be transmitted from five different companions of the Prophet in various texts in the main hadith sources. In our research, the value of the narration in terms of the science of hadith is discussed by analyzing the texts and the sanads separately. Since the narration has many versions, the research is limited to marfū narrations. The chapter titles under which the narration is found in the main hadith texts and how the text is approached in classical hadith commentaries have been analyzed. It has been determined that the narration has become an integral part of the subject of zuhd renunciation and accordingly has an important place in the literature of preaching and guidance. The statements in the hadith about the believers relationship with the life of the world have led to its association with zuhd, which can be roughly defined as turning away from everything mortal. The hadith commentators, on the other hand, associated the aforementioned narrations with the temptation of worldly desires, the difficulty of being obliged to continuous and arduous acts of worship, and the need to be patient with the calamities that befall individuals in the world. In this respect, it is seen that the commentators evaluated the hadith from a similar perspective. In our study, it has been determined whether it is possible to evaluate the hadith from a different perspective considering the metaphorical narrative form in the Qurān and hadith texts. Because metaphor is an important element of rhetorical arts and is the art of establishing a meaning connection between different subjects without using prepositions of analogy. Although it bears similarities with types such as allegory, metaphor, simile, allegory and allusion, it differs from the others in that it strengthens the words by emphasizing the style of expression rather than the subject matter. Metaphors not only add depth to the world of thought, but also allow complex or abstract concepts to be expressed more clearly. While revealing the power of language, it increases the emphasis of the message contained in the narrative by reinforcing the ability to establish creative thinking and emotional connections and makes a deeper impression on the interlocutor. Based on all these, when it is accepted that the concept of dungeon in the relevant text contains a metaphorical meaning, it can be said that it is open to a new interpretation attempt. We have chosen a way of interpretation against the crisis of thought and morality that has emerged especially in the modern period in a clear, obvious and noticeable level, and we have handled the related narration with a metaphorical interpretation attempt by considering the relationship between civilization and sunnah of the Prophet. It is argued that in these words the Messenger of Allah rejected the one-worldism of decadent and decaying civilizations as a source of injustice and misery, rejected over- or under-valuing blessings and deprivations, and sought to raise consciousness against those who think that they will lose everything at death. In addition, there are a number of crises that prevent modern man from reviving Islamic civilization. These are spiritual, individual, intellectual, metaphysical and social crises. Man can overcome the spiritual crisis by spiritual progress and enlightenment; the individual crisis by not leaving values to desires; the intellectual crisis by developing critical thinking in a way that is open to different ideas; the metaphysical crisis by turning away from worldly temptations and existential constraints and turning towards the search for knowledge and meaning; and the social crisis by contributing to changes in society and fighting for human rights. In our research, the idea that human beings can overcome these crises and gain freedom and establish their own civilization by getting out of the dungeon is put forward through a metaphorical interpretation. In this way, it has been examined whether it is possible to identify the problems we face in the modern period and to propose solutions to these problems by feeding on the narration culture. In this context, the discussions around how the narration The world is the believers dungeon and the unbelievers paradise is understood or should be understood have been touched upon and a new interpretation has been sought.

 This study deals with the hadith attributed to the Prophet, The world is the believers dungeon and the unbelievers paradise. A literature review of the aforementioned hadith reveals no independent research on the subject. In fact, there are many studies in our scholarly tradition that examine a single hadith in all its aspects. However, the fact that the hadith in question is considered to be a conventional hadith with a clear message may be the reason why it has not been the subject of both Arabic and Western studies. The narration has been found to be transmitted from five different companions of the Prophet in various texts in the main hadith sources. In our research, the value of the narration in terms of the science of hadith is discussed by analyzing the texts and the sanads separately. Since the narration has many versions, the research is limited to marfū narrations. The chapter titles under which the narration is found in the main hadith texts and how the text is approached in classical hadith commentaries have been analyzed. It has been determined that the narration has become an integral part of the subject of zuhd renunciation and accordingly has an important place in the literature of preaching and guidance. The statements in the hadith about the believers relationship with the life of the world have led to its association with zuhd, which can be roughly defined as turning away from everything mortal. The hadith commentators, on the other hand, associated the aforementioned narrations with the temptation of worldly desires, the difficulty of being obliged to continuous and arduous acts of worship, and the need to be patient with the calamities that befall individuals in the world. In this respect, it is seen that the commentators evaluated the hadith from a similar perspective. In our study, it has been determined whether it is possible to evaluate the hadith from a different perspective considering the metaphorical narrative form in the Qurān and hadith texts. Because metaphor is an important element of rhetorical arts and is the art of establishing a meaning connection between different subjects without using prepositions of analogy. Although it bears similarities with types such as allegory, metaphor, simile, allegory and allusion, it differs from the others in that it strengthens the words by emphasizing the style of expression rather than the subject matter. Metaphors not only add depth to the world of thought, but also allow complex or abstract concepts to be expressed more clearly. While revealing the power of language, it increases the emphasis of the message contained in the narrative by reinforcing the ability to establish creative thinking and emotional connections and makes a deeper impression on the interlocutor. Based on all these, when it is accepted that the concept of dungeon in the relevant text contains a metaphorical meaning, it can be said that it is open to a new interpretation attempt. We have chosen a way of interpretation against the crisis of thought and morality that has emerged especially in the modern period in a clear, obvious and noticeable level, and we have handled the related narration with a metaphorical interpretation attempt by considering the relationship between civilization and sunnah of the Prophet. It is argued that in these words the Messenger of Allah rejected the one-worldism of decadent and decaying civilizations as a source of injustice and misery, rejected over- or under-valuing blessings and deprivations, and sought to raise consciousness against those who think that they will lose everything at death. In addition, there are a number of crises that prevent modern man from reviving Islamic civilization. These are spiritual, individual, intellectual, metaphysical and social crises. Man can overcome the spiritual crisis by spiritual progress and enlightenment; the individual crisis by not leaving values to desires; the intellectual crisis by developing critical thinking in a way that is open to different ideas; the metaphysical crisis by turning away from worldly temptations and existential constraints and turning towards the search for knowledge and meaning; and the social crisis by contributing to changes in society and fighting for human rights. In our research, the idea that human beings can overcome these crises and gain freedom and establish their own civilization by getting out of the dungeon is put forward through a metaphorical interpretation. In this way, it has been examined whether it is possible to identify the problems we face in the modern period and to propose solutions to these problems by feeding on the narration culture. In this context, the discussions around how the narration The world is the believers dungeon and the unbelievers paradise is understood or should be understood have been touched upon and a new interpretation has been sought.

Makale detayları

An Analysis and Metaphorical Interpretation of the Tradition “The World is the Believer's Dungeon and the Unbeliever's Paradise”

Yazarlar:

Furkan Çakır

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 1, pp.60-80

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319242

pISSN:

2528-9861

Hadith

World

Believer

Dungeon

MetaphorHadis

Dünya

Mümin

Zindan

Metafor

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Furkan Çakır

Yayıncı: Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar: Hadis

Dergi: Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 1, pp.60-80

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319242

pISSN: 2528-9861

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Furkan Çakır

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hadis

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.28 Issue 1, pp.60-80

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319242

pISSN:

2528-9861