Death of Shah Ismail, The Founder of The Safavid State

Şefaattin Deniz

Makale detayları

Death of Shah Ismail, The Founder of The Safavid State

Yazarlar:

Şefaattin Deniz

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.753-779

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311577

pISSN:

2651-3188

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This article meticulously examines Shah Ismails journey from his final winter encampment to his demise, drawing insights from Safavid historical sources. The primary goal is to pinpoint the exact location and dates of his death, integrating these findings into existing literature. The investigation began with identifying and translating references to Shah Ismails death from key Persian sources. His This work final days along the Ardabil-Tabriz route were retraced, revealing that his passing occurred in Mankutay within the Sayın Gediği region, affirming the continued existence of this settlement. Born in Ardabil in July 1487, Shah Ismails early life was marked by tragedy, leading him to assume leadership of the Safaviyya sect at a remarkably young age. He established the Safavid State based on Twelver Shiism when he was 13 to 14 years old. Shah Ismail worked diligently to consolidate his creation, balancing the Qizilbash tribes, Tajik bureaucrats, and Arab scholars with notable success. Until the pivotal Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, he maintained control over a significant portion of Iranian territory. On March 11, 1524, after his final winter stay in Nakhchivan, Shah Ismail ventured to Sheki for hunting and political matters. During his return journey, he traversed Moghan to Goktepe, briefly staying at the base of Savalan Mountain. Falling ill in Tabriz, the seat of his rule, he established camp in the Sayın Pass. Consumed by excessive alcohol consumption, Shah Ismail succumbed to severe internal organ damage and breathed his last on May 23, 1524, in Mankutay near Sayın Gediği. Following funeral arrangements overseen by Allame Emir Jamaluddin Muhammad Esterabadi, Shah Ismail was interred in the Safi-ad-Din Mausoleum in Ardabil. Various chronograms have been proposed to pinpoint the date of his death.

 This article meticulously examines Shah Ismails journey from his final winter encampment to his demise, drawing insights from Safavid historical sources. The primary goal is to pinpoint the exact location and dates of his death, integrating these findings into existing literature. The investigation began with identifying and translating references to Shah Ismails death from key Persian sources. His This work final days along the Ardabil-Tabriz route were retraced, revealing that his passing occurred in Mankutay within the Sayın Gediği region, affirming the continued existence of this settlement. Born in Ardabil in July 1487, Shah Ismails early life was marked by tragedy, leading him to assume leadership of the Safaviyya sect at a remarkably young age. He established the Safavid State based on Twelver Shiism when he was 13 to 14 years old. Shah Ismail worked diligently to consolidate his creation, balancing the Qizilbash tribes, Tajik bureaucrats, and Arab scholars with notable success. Until the pivotal Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, he maintained control over a significant portion of Iranian territory. On March 11, 1524, after his final winter stay in Nakhchivan, Shah Ismail ventured to Sheki for hunting and political matters. During his return journey, he traversed Moghan to Goktepe, briefly staying at the base of Savalan Mountain. Falling ill in Tabriz, the seat of his rule, he established camp in the Sayın Pass. Consumed by excessive alcohol consumption, Shah Ismail succumbed to severe internal organ damage and breathed his last on May 23, 1524, in Mankutay near Sayın Gediği. Following funeral arrangements overseen by Allame Emir Jamaluddin Muhammad Esterabadi, Shah Ismail was interred in the Safi-ad-Din Mausoleum in Ardabil. Various chronograms have been proposed to pinpoint the date of his death.

 This article meticulously examines Shah Ismails journey from his final winter encampment to his demise, drawing insights from Safavid historical sources. The primary goal is to pinpoint the exact location and dates of his death, integrating these findings into existing literature. The investigation began with identifying and translating references to Shah Ismails death from key Persian sources. His This work final days along the Ardabil-Tabriz route were retraced, revealing that his passing occurred in Mankutay within the Sayın Gediği region, affirming the continued existence of this settlement. Born in Ardabil in July 1487, Shah Ismails early life was marked by tragedy, leading him to assume leadership of the Safaviyya sect at a remarkably young age. He established the Safavid State based on Twelver Shiism when he was 13 to 14 years old. Shah Ismail worked diligently to consolidate his creation, balancing the Qizilbash tribes, Tajik bureaucrats, and Arab scholars with notable success. Until the pivotal Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, he maintained control over a significant portion of Iranian territory. On March 11, 1524, after his final winter stay in Nakhchivan, Shah Ismail ventured to Sheki for hunting and political matters. During his return journey, he traversed Moghan to Goktepe, briefly staying at the base of Savalan Mountain. Falling ill in Tabriz, the seat of his rule, he established camp in the Sayın Pass. Consumed by excessive alcohol consumption, Shah Ismail succumbed to severe internal organ damage and breathed his last on May 23, 1524, in Mankutay near Sayın Gediği. Following funeral arrangements overseen by Allame Emir Jamaluddin Muhammad Esterabadi, Shah Ismail was interred in the Safi-ad-Din Mausoleum in Ardabil. Various chronograms have been proposed to pinpoint the date of his death.

 Bu makalenin temel amacı; Safevî kaynaklarından hareketle Şah İsmailin son kışlağından ölümüne kadarki süreci irdeleyip vefat yerini ve ölümü üzerine düşürülen tarihleri tespit edip literatüre kazandırmaktır. Çalışmaya Farsça ana kaynaklardan Şah İsmailin ölümü ile ilgili bahisleri tespit edip tercümesi yapılarak başlanmış, ardından Şah İsmailin son zamanlarını geçirdiği Erdebil-Tebriz hattında seyahatler yapılmıştır. Sayın Gediği havalisindeki Mankutayda öldüğü ana kaynaklardan tespit edildikten sonra bu yerleşim yerinin varlığını sürdürdüğü tespit edilmiştir. Şah İsmail Temmuz 1487de Erdebilde dünyaya gelmiş, dedesi Cüneyt, babası Haydar ve ağabeyi Alinin öldürülmesinden sonra henüz çok küçük yaşlarda iken Safeviyye tarikatının başına geçirilmiş son derece sıkıntılı bir sürecin ardından 13-14 yaşlarında iken On İki İmam Şiiliğine dayalı olarak Safevî Devletini kurmuştur. Kızılbaş oymaklar, Tacik bürokratlar ve Arap ulema arasında bir denge kurmak suretiyle inşa ettiği sistemi geliştirmeye gayret etmiş, bunda büyük ölçüde başarılı olmuştur. 1514 Çaldıran Savaşına kadar neredeyse tüm İran coğrafyasını egemenliği altına almıştır. Şah İsmail 11 Mart 1524te Nahcıvanda son kışlağını yaptıktan sonra hem avlanmak hem de siyasi problemleri çözüme kavuşturmak amacıyla Şekiye gitmiştir. Dönüşte ise Moğandan geçerek Göktepeye gelmiş, Savalan Dağının eteklerinde bir müddet kalmıştır. Erdebilde birkaç gün kaldıktan sonra taht merkezi Tebrize doğru yola çıkan Şah İsmail burada rahatsızlanınca Sayın Geçidinde ordugâh kurulmuştur. Zamanının çoğunu sürekli içki içerek geçiren Şah İsmail yoğun alkolün sonucu iç organlarının tahrip olması yüzünden 23 Mayıs 1524 tarihinde Sayın Gediği yakınlarında bulunan Mankutayda hayata gözlerini yummuştur. Allame Emir Cemaleddin Muhammed Esterabadî nezaretinde cenaze işlemlerinin tamamlanmasının ardından Erdebile götürülüp Safiyüddin Türbesine defnedilmiştir. Ölümü için pek çok tarih düşürülmüştür.

Makale detayları

Death of Shah Ismail, The Founder of The Safavid State

Yazarlar:

Şefaattin Deniz

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.753-779

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311577

pISSN:

2651-3188

Shah Ismail

Mankutay

Ardabil

Shah Ismail

ChronogramŞah İsmail

Mankutay

Erdebil

Şah İsmail’in vasiyeti

Tarih düşürme

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Şefaattin Deniz

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi: Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.753-779

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001311577

pISSN: 2651-3188

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Şefaattin Deniz

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Dergi:

Türkiyat Mecmuası Vol.33 Issue 2, pp.753-779

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311577

pISSN:

2651-3188