Criticisms Of Ibn Ḥad̲j̲ar al-ʿAsḳalānī Narration About The Emirate Of Jarwānids And The Narration Based On This Narration

Yasin Kurnaz

Makale detayları

Criticisms Of Ibn Ḥad̲j̲ar al-ʿAsḳalānī Narration About The Emirate Of Jarwānids And The Narration Based On This Narration

Yazarlar:

Yasin Kurnaz

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.186-204

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320110

pISSN:

2717-610X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Baḥrain is an island country. It met Islam during the time of the Prophet. In later periods, it sometimes came to the fore with apostasy movements and sometimes with the rebellions of the Khāridjites. Baḥrain became a Qarmaṭian stronghold during the period when the ʿAbbāsids lost power. After the Qarmaṭians were put to an end by the ʿUyūnids, a new period was experienced in which the local people had a say in city politics. In this period, Baḥrain went beyond the borders of the island of Evāl, as it was known in history, and hosted a number of dynasties with a vast geography, including some settlements in the east of the Arabian peninsula. These dynasties that ruled the region after the collapse of the Qarmaṭians were generally Shīʿa. One of the Shīʿa emirates in the region is the Jarwānids, which is the subject of our study. It was founded in the towns of Baḥrain in the last quarter of the 8th or 14th century and, contrary to claims, was shorter-lived. Jarwānids are the local Arabs of the region. They ruled the islands of Evāl, al-Aḥsā and Qatīf, and expanded their borders from Nadjd an ʿAsīr regions to ʿUmān. However, not even half a century later, they had to recognize the dominance of the Emirate of Hormuz, which was in its heyday in the east of the Persian Gulf. Although they sometimes took some actions and initiatives to make their presence felt, they couldnt achieve sufficient success. No domestic study has been done about the political life of the Jarwānids. Studies abroad are insufficient in terms of their results. There is only one narration that conveys the political life of the Jarwānids to us. This narration by Ibn Ḥadjar al-ʿAsḳalānī has been the starting point of all studies on the subject. However, it is understood that this narration has not been subjected to any criticism. When the history of Baḥrain was analyzed in detail, the information conveyed in the narration raised some questions. Moreover, the events seem to not match each other in the historical context. Moreover, it wasnt easy to find information confirming the narration. This study analyzed the claim that the Jarwānids were founded in the early 8th or 14th century, the number of emirs who remained in power, and the duration of their rule. It is evaluated whether the political life of the emirate can last more than a century despite its limited power. Based on Ibn Ḥadjar al-ʿAsḳalānīs narration, the works that provide information about the regions history were examined, and some contradictions were encountered in these works. In addition to the narration mentioned above, other works provide information about the Jarwānids. The narratives in Ibrāhīm al-Ḥifẓīs Tārīkhu ʿAsīr and Shuʿayb al-Dūsirī Imtāus-Sāmir are based on the narration by Ibn Ḥadjar al- ʿAsḳalānī. The works are criticized for not citing sources in the narration of events and lack of clear information about the identity of the author. Some sources mention all the local people in the region as Baḥrain Arabs in the narration of the events. On the other hand, it has been observed that some studies highlight certain families as the subjects of the events based on the expression Baḥrain Arabs, and they do this according to their own preferences without citing the source. However, there are some debates about the authenticity of these works. Within the framework of all these, the political history of the Jarwānids needs to be clarified, and some mistakes need to be corrected. In our study, Ibn Ḥadjar al-ʿAsḳalānīs narration has been analyzed in detail for this purpose, and contemporary works written in the same context have been examined. In this study, in which we have made some suggestions about the political history of the Jarwānids, we have tried to rewrite the possible historical events in light of all these data. It is hoped that our research will be a stepping stone for further studies with a better understanding of the regions history.

 Baḥrain is an island country. It met Islam during the time of the Prophet. In later periods, it sometimes came to the fore with apostasy movements and sometimes with the rebellions of the Khāridjites. Baḥrain became a Qarmaṭian stronghold during the period when the ʿAbbāsids lost power. After the Qarmaṭians were put to an end by the ʿUyūnids, a new period was experienced in which the local people had a say in city politics. In this period, Baḥrain went beyond the borders of the island of Evāl, as it was known in history, and hosted a number of dynasties with a vast geography, including some settlements in the east of the Arabian peninsula. These dynasties that ruled the region after the collapse of the Qarmaṭians were generally Shīʿa. One of the Shīʿa emirates in the region is the Jarwānids, which is the subject of our study. It was founded in the towns of Baḥrain in the last quarter of the 8th or 14th century and, contrary to claims, was shorter-lived. Jarwānids are the local Arabs of the region. They ruled the islands of Evāl, al-Aḥsā and Qatīf, and expanded their borders from Nadjd an ʿAsīr regions to ʿUmān. However, not even half a century later, they had to recognize the dominance of the Emirate of Hormuz, which was in its heyday in the east of the Persian Gulf. Although they sometimes took some actions and initiatives to make their presence felt, they couldnt achieve sufficient success. No domestic study has been done about the political life of the Jarwānids. Studies abroad are insufficient in terms of their results. There is only one narration that conveys the political life of the Jarwānids to us. This narration by Ibn Ḥadjar al-ʿAsḳalānī has been the starting point of all studies on the subject. However, it is understood that this narration has not been subjected to any criticism. When the history of Baḥrain was analyzed in detail, the information conveyed in the narration raised some questions. Moreover, the events seem to not match each other in the historical context. Moreover, it wasnt easy to find information confirming the narration. This study analyzed the claim that the Jarwānids were founded in the early 8th or 14th century, the number of emirs who remained in power, and the duration of their rule. It is evaluated whether the political life of the emirate can last more than a century despite its limited power. Based on Ibn Ḥadjar al-ʿAsḳalānīs narration, the works that provide information about the regions history were examined, and some contradictions were encountered in these works. In addition to the narration mentioned above, other works provide information about the Jarwānids. The narratives in Ibrāhīm al-Ḥifẓīs Tārīkhu ʿAsīr and Shuʿayb al-Dūsirī Imtāus-Sāmir are based on the narration by Ibn Ḥadjar al- ʿAsḳalānī. The works are criticized for not citing sources in the narration of events and lack of clear information about the identity of the author. Some sources mention all the local people in the region as Baḥrain Arabs in the narration of the events. On the other hand, it has been observed that some studies highlight certain families as the subjects of the events based on the expression Baḥrain Arabs, and they do this according to their own preferences without citing the source. However, there are some debates about the authenticity of these works. Within the framework of all these, the political history of the Jarwānids needs to be clarified, and some mistakes need to be corrected. In our study, Ibn Ḥadjar al-ʿAsḳalānīs narration has been analyzed in detail for this purpose, and contemporary works written in the same context have been examined. In this study, in which we have made some suggestions about the political history of the Jarwānids, we have tried to rewrite the possible historical events in light of all these data. It is hoped that our research will be a stepping stone for further studies with a better understanding of the regions history.

 Baḥrain is an island country. It met Islam during the time of the Prophet. In later periods, it sometimes came to the fore with apostasy movements and sometimes with the rebellions of the Khāridjites. Baḥrain became a Qarmaṭian stronghold during the period when the ʿAbbāsids lost power. After the Qarmaṭians were put to an end by the ʿUyūnids, a new period was experienced in which the local people had a say in city politics. In this period, Baḥrain went beyond the borders of the island of Evāl, as it was known in history, and hosted a number of dynasties with a vast geography, including some settlements in the east of the Arabian peninsula. These dynasties that ruled the region after the collapse of the Qarmaṭians were generally Shīʿa. One of the Shīʿa emirates in the region is the Jarwānids, which is the subject of our study. It was founded in the towns of Baḥrain in the last quarter of the 8th or 14th century and, contrary to claims, was shorter-lived. Jarwānids are the local Arabs of the region. They ruled the islands of Evāl, al-Aḥsā and Qatīf, and expanded their borders from Nadjd an ʿAsīr regions to ʿUmān. However, not even half a century later, they had to recognize the dominance of the Emirate of Hormuz, which was in its heyday in the east of the Persian Gulf. Although they sometimes took some actions and initiatives to make their presence felt, they couldnt achieve sufficient success. No domestic study has been done about the political life of the Jarwānids. Studies abroad are insufficient in terms of their results. There is only one narration that conveys the political life of the Jarwānids to us. This narration by Ibn Ḥadjar al-ʿAsḳalānī has been the starting point of all studies on the subject. However, it is understood that this narration has not been subjected to any criticism. When the history of Baḥrain was analyzed in detail, the information conveyed in the narration raised some questions. Moreover, the events seem to not match each other in the historical context. Moreover, it wasnt easy to find information confirming the narration. This study analyzed the claim that the Jarwānids were founded in the early 8th or 14th century, the number of emirs who remained in power, and the duration of their rule. It is evaluated whether the political life of the emirate can last more than a century despite its limited power. Based on Ibn Ḥadjar al-ʿAsḳalānīs narration, the works that provide information about the regions history were examined, and some contradictions were encountered in these works. In addition to the narration mentioned above, other works provide information about the Jarwānids. The narratives in Ibrāhīm al-Ḥifẓīs Tārīkhu ʿAsīr and Shuʿayb al-Dūsirī Imtāus-Sāmir are based on the narration by Ibn Ḥadjar al- ʿAsḳalānī. The works are criticized for not citing sources in the narration of events and lack of clear information about the identity of the author. Some sources mention all the local people in the region as Baḥrain Arabs in the narration of the events. On the other hand, it has been observed that some studies highlight certain families as the subjects of the events based on the expression Baḥrain Arabs, and they do this according to their own preferences without citing the source. However, there are some debates about the authenticity of these works. Within the framework of all these, the political history of the Jarwānids needs to be clarified, and some mistakes need to be corrected. In our study, Ibn Ḥadjar al-ʿAsḳalānīs narration has been analyzed in detail for this purpose, and contemporary works written in the same context have been examined. In this study, in which we have made some suggestions about the political history of the Jarwānids, we have tried to rewrite the possible historical events in light of all these data. It is hoped that our research will be a stepping stone for further studies with a better understanding of the regions history.

 Günümüzde bir ada ülkesi olan Bahreyn Hz. Peygamber döneminde İslâmla tanışmıştır. Sonraki dönemlerde kimi zaman irtidat hareketleri, kimi zaman da Hâricîlerin isyanlarıyla gündeme gelmiştir. Bahreyn, Abbasîlerin güç kaybettiği dönemde ise Karmatîlerin bir kalesi konumuna gelmiştir. Karmatîlere Uyûnîler tarafından son verilmesinden sonra yerel halkın şehir siyasetinde söz sahibi olduğu yeni bir dönem yaşanmıştır. Sözü edilen bu dönemde Bahreyn, tarihteki adıyla Evâl Adasının sınırlarını aşmış ve Arap yarımadasının doğusundaki bazı yerleşim yerlerini de kapsayan geniş bir coğrafyaya sahip bir takım hanedanlıklara ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Karmatîlerin yıkılmasından sonra bölgede hüküm süren bu hanedanlıklar genellikle Şiîdir. Bölgedeki Şiî emirliklerden birisi çalışmamızın da konusunu oluşturan Cervânîlerdir. Bahreyn beldelerinde 814. asrın son çeyreğinde kurulmuş ve iddiaların aksine daha kısa ömürlü olmuştur. Cervânîler bölgenin yerel Araplarından olup, Evâl Adası, Lahsâ ve Katîfte hüküm sürmüş, sınırlarını Necid ve Asîr bölgelerinden Umana kadar genişletmişlerdir. Ancak daha yarım asır bile geçmeden Basra Körfezinin doğusunda en parlak dönemini yaşayan Hürmüz Emirliğinin hâkimiyetini tanımak zorunda kalmışlardır. Kimi zaman varlıklarını hissettirecek bazı eylem ve girişimlerde bulunmuşlarsa da yeterli başarıya ulaşmaları mümkün olmamıştır. Cervânîlerin siyasi hayatı hakkında yurt içinde yapılmış herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Yurt dışındaki çalışmalar ise sonuçları itibariyle yetersizdir. Emîrliğin siyasi hayatını bize aktaran tek bir rivayet vardır. İbn Hacer el-Askalânînin aktardığı bu rivayet konu hakkında yapılan tüm çalışmaların hareket noktası olmuştur. Ancak söz konusu bu rivayetin herhangi bir kritiğe tabi tutulmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Bahreyn tarihi detaylıca incelendiğinde rivayette aktarılan bilgiler zihinlerde bazı soru işaretleri oluşturmuş ve dahası tarihsel bağlamda hadiselerin birbiriyle uyuşmadığı görülmüştür. Üstelik aktarılan rivayeti teyit eden bilgi bulmakta güçlük çekilmiştir. Çalışmamızda Cervânîlerin 814. asrın başlarında kurulduğu iddiası başta olmak üzere iktidarda kalan emîrlerin sayıları ve iktidar süreleri incelenmiştir. Emîrliğin siyasi hayatının kısıtlı bir gücü olmasına rağmen bir asırdan fazla sürmesinin imkân dâhilinde olup olmayacağı değerlendirilmiştir. İbn Hacer el-Askalânînin rivayeti esas alınarak bölge tarihi hakkında malumat veren eserler incelenmiş ve bu eserlerde bazı çelişkilerle karşılaşılmıştır. Sözü edilen rivayetin yanı sıra Cervânîlerle alakalı bilgiler sunan başka eserler de vardır. İbrâhim el-Hıfzînin Tarîhu Asîr ve Şuayip ed-Dûsirînin İmtâʿus-sâmir adlı eserlerindeki anlatımlar İbn Hacer el-Askalânînin aktardığı rivayete dayanmaktadır. Ancak bu eserlerin sıhhatiyle ilgili bazı tartışmalar bulunmaktadır. Eserler, olayların aktarımında kaynak göstermemeleri, müellifin kimliği hakkında net bilgilerin bulunmaması gibi nedenlerle eleştirilmektedir. Bazı kaynaklar hadiselerin aktarımında bölgedeki yerel halkın tamamını Bahreyn Arapları olarak zikretmektedir. Buna karşın kimi çalışmaların Bahreyn Arapları ifadesinden hareketle olayların öznesi olarak belli aileleri öne çıkardıkları ve bunu kaynak göstermeksizin kendi tercihleri doğrultusunda yaptıkları görülmüştür. Tüm bunlar çerçevesinde Cervânîlerin siyasi tarihinin aydınlatılması ve bazı yanlışların düzeltilmesi gerekmektedir. Çalışmamızda bu gayeye matuf olmak üzere İbn Hacer el-Askalânînin rivayeti ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiş ve aynı bağlamda kaleme alınan çağdaş eserler tetkik edilmiştir. Cervânîlerin siyasi tarihine dair bazı önerilerde bulunduğumuz bu araştırmada, olması muhtemel tarihi hadiseler tüm bu veriler ışığında yeniden kaleme alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Bölge tarihinin daha iyi anlaşılmasıyla araştırmamızın sonraki çalışmalara bir basamak olması amaçlanmıştır.

Makale detayları

Criticisms Of Ibn Ḥad̲j̲ar al-ʿAsḳalānī Narration About The Emirate Of Jarwānids And The Narration Based On This Narration

Yazarlar:

Yasin Kurnaz

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.186-204

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320110

pISSN:

2717-610X

Islamic History

Jarwānids Emirate

ʿUṣfūrids

Baḥrain

Qatīf

al-Aḥsā

Evāl Island.İslâm Tarihi

Cervânîler Emîrliği

Usfûrîler

Bahreyn

Katîf

Lahsâ

Evâl Adası

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Yasin Kurnaz

Yayıncı: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Tarihi

Dergi: Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.186-204

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001320110

pISSN: 2717-610X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Yasin Kurnaz

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Tarihi

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.186-204

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320110

pISSN:

2717-610X