The Development of Railway Network in Central Asia during the Tsarist and Soviet Union, 1860-1950

Mehmet Erkan Kıllıoğlu

Makale detayları

The Development of Railway Network in Central Asia during the Tsarist and Soviet Union, 1860-1950

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Erkan Kıllıoğlu

Yayıncı:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uluslararası İktisat (Diğer) | Siyasi Tarih (Diğer)

Dergi:

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.595-609

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294523

pISSN:

1302-1265

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The railway network developed as a result of the application of steam power to the machines has changed the time and space. Travel times, previously expressed in days, weeks and months, have dropped dramatically, distances have shortened and many destinations have become more and more accessible. Commercial, political, and military processes have also benefited from this change, as larger amounts of commercial commodities and military power can be transported more quickly and cost-effectively. This change also affected Central Asia and its surroundings. Central Asia, which lost its former importance and fell into inertia economically, culturally and politically, faced the effects of railway transportation, due to the shift of world trade from the trade routes passing through the continents to the continental margins and seas. The carrier of this change was Tsarist Russia, whose progress in the Mediterranean direction was interrupted by the Crimean War. After the establishment of the Tsarist Administration in Central Asia, the issue of combining the region with the rest of Russia with the railway network was discussed by the Tsarist Administration. The first railway line wasnt for commercial purposes but for military purposes. The main reason for this was the difficulties in advancing into the inner parts of the region.

 The railway network developed as a result of the application of steam power to the machines has changed the time and space. Travel times, previously expressed in days, weeks and months, have dropped dramatically, distances have shortened and many destinations have become more and more accessible. Commercial, political, and military processes have also benefited from this change, as larger amounts of commercial commodities and military power can be transported more quickly and cost-effectively. This change also affected Central Asia and its surroundings. Central Asia, which lost its former importance and fell into inertia economically, culturally and politically, faced the effects of railway transportation, due to the shift of world trade from the trade routes passing through the continents to the continental margins and seas. The carrier of this change was Tsarist Russia, whose progress in the Mediterranean direction was interrupted by the Crimean War. After the establishment of the Tsarist Administration in Central Asia, the issue of combining the region with the rest of Russia with the railway network was discussed by the Tsarist Administration. The first railway line wasnt for commercial purposes but for military purposes. The main reason for this was the difficulties in advancing into the inner parts of the region.

 The railway network developed as a result of the application of steam power to the machines has changed the time and space. Travel times, previously expressed in days, weeks and months, have dropped dramatically, distances have shortened and many destinations have become more and more accessible. Commercial, political, and military processes have also benefited from this change, as larger amounts of commercial commodities and military power can be transported more quickly and cost-effectively. This change also affected Central Asia and its surroundings. Central Asia, which lost its former importance and fell into inertia economically, culturally and politically, faced the effects of railway transportation, due to the shift of world trade from the trade routes passing through the continents to the continental margins and seas. The carrier of this change was Tsarist Russia, whose progress in the Mediterranean direction was interrupted by the Crimean War. After the establishment of the Tsarist Administration in Central Asia, the issue of combining the region with the rest of Russia with the railway network was discussed by the Tsarist Administration. The first railway line wasnt for commercial purposes but for military purposes. The main reason for this was the difficulties in advancing into the inner parts of the region.

 Buhar gücünün makinalara uygulanması sonucunda gelişen demiryolu ulaşımı zamanı ve mekânı değiştirmiştir. Daha önce günler, haftalar ve aylarla ifade edilen seyahat süreleri dramatik bir şekilde düşmüş, mesafeler kısalmış ve pek çok yere daha kolay erişilebilir hale gelmiştir. Bu değişimden ticari, siyasi ve askeri süreçler de faydalanmış, daha büyük miktardaki ticari meta ve askeri güç daha hızlı ve maliyet etkin şekilde taşınabilir hale gelmiştir. Bu değişim, Orta Asya ve havalisini de etkilemiştir. Daha önce dünya ticaretinin kıta içlerinden geçen ticaret yollarından kıta kenarlarına ve deniz alanlarına kayması nedeniyle eski önemini yitiren ve ekonomik, kültürel ve siyasi olarak atalete düşen Orta Asya da demiryolu ulaşımının etkileri ile yüzleşmiştir. Bu değişimin taşıyıcılığını Akdeniz istikametindeki ilerleyişi Kırım Savaşı ile kesilen Çarlık Rusyası yapmıştır. Orta Asyada Çarlık idaresi tesis edildikten sonra, bölgenin Rusyanın geri kalan kısmı ile dönemin en gelişmiş ve hızlı ulaşım şekli olan demiryolu ağı ile birleştirilmesi konusu Çarlık idaresinin nezdinde tartışılmıştır. Bu konuda uygunluk kararı verilmesinden sonra imalatı yapılan ilk demiryolu hattı ticari amaçlı değil de askeri amaçlıdır. Bunun da temel sebebi Rus keşif kollarının bölgenin iç kısımlarına, coğrafi şartların da zorluluğu sebebiyle, ilerlemekte zorlanmasıdır. İlk başta tamamen askeri amaçlara hizmet eden demiryolu, kısa sürede sivil amaçlı da kullanılır hale gelmiştir.

Makale detayları

The Development of Railway Network in Central Asia during the Tsarist and Soviet Union, 1860-1950

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Erkan Kıllıoğlu

Yayıncı:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uluslararası İktisat (Diğer) | Siyasi Tarih (Diğer)

Dergi:

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.595-609

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294523

pISSN:

1302-1265

Central Asia

railway network

Sergei Witte

Trans Caspian railroad

KrasnovodskOrta Asya

demiryolu ağı

Sergei Witte

Trans Hazar demiryolu

Krasnovodsk

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mehmet Erkan Kıllıoğlu

Yayıncı: Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar: Uluslararası İktisat (Diğer) | Siyasi Tarih (Diğer)

Dergi: Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.595-609

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001294523

pISSN: 1302-1265

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Erkan Kıllıoğlu

Yayıncı:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Ana Başlıklar:

Uluslararası İktisat (Diğer) | Siyasi Tarih (Diğer)

Dergi:

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.595-609

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294523

pISSN:

1302-1265