TURKISH-BRITISH RELATIONS DURING RAUF ORBAY’S TERM AS AMBASSADORY IN LONDON

Nazire Doğan; Hikmet Zeki Kapcı

Makale detayları

TURKISH-BRITISH RELATIONS DURING RAUF ORBAY’S TERM AS AMBASSADORY IN LONDON

Yazarlar:

Nazire Doğan | Hikmet Zeki Kapcı

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Tarihi (Diğer) | Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 47, pp.791-819

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001308185

pISSN:

1300-0756

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In World War II which began on September 1, 1939, Turkey preferred to remain neutral based on its experiences in the First World War. At the beginning of the war, it tried to follow a policy of balance among the great states by preserving its territorial integrity. Turkey, which wanted to maintain a peaceful relationship especially with England and Soviet Russia, attempted to make an agreement with both states when the war started. England approached this situation moderately; however, since Soviet Russia wanted to have a say in the Turkish Straits, it did not respond positively to Turkeys request for an agreement. In 1941, when Germany invaded Bulgaria and approached the Turkish border, the balances in the war changed. Because of the possibility of Germany to reach Middle East oil through Turkey, and Soviet Russia to the possibility of Germany to seize the Straits, England turned their focus to this region and the possibility of Turkey entering the war arose. Turkey, especially after 1942, was heavily exposed to the pressure of England to enter the war. Rauf Bey, who was appointed as the London Ambassador in the same year, was very important in this sense. In the sources related to the World War II, Rauf Beys activities in the ambassadorship are mostly not included. However, it was seen in the documents obtained in the research conducted at The National Archives in London. During his duty, Rauf Bey received information from the political circles in London about the course of the war and tried to be informed about the decisions taken in favor of or against Turkey. He shared all this information and decisions with the Turkish Government as quickly as possible. This information given by him has been very effective in determining the foreign policy of the government. Rauf Bey, especially in his meetings with Prime Minister Churchill and Foreign Minister Eden, frequently referred to the British war material aid to Turkey. When he realized that England was not very sincere about this aid, he warned the Turkish Government to be cautious against the British. As a result of his warnings, Turkey suspended the issue of entering the war on the side of England for a long time, despite the pressures.

 In World War II which began on September 1, 1939, Turkey preferred to remain neutral based on its experiences in the First World War. At the beginning of the war, it tried to follow a policy of balance among the great states by preserving its territorial integrity. Turkey, which wanted to maintain a peaceful relationship especially with England and Soviet Russia, attempted to make an agreement with both states when the war started. England approached this situation moderately; however, since Soviet Russia wanted to have a say in the Turkish Straits, it did not respond positively to Turkeys request for an agreement. In 1941, when Germany invaded Bulgaria and approached the Turkish border, the balances in the war changed. Because of the possibility of Germany to reach Middle East oil through Turkey, and Soviet Russia to the possibility of Germany to seize the Straits, England turned their focus to this region and the possibility of Turkey entering the war arose. Turkey, especially after 1942, was heavily exposed to the pressure of England to enter the war. Rauf Bey, who was appointed as the London Ambassador in the same year, was very important in this sense. In the sources related to the World War II, Rauf Beys activities in the ambassadorship are mostly not included. However, it was seen in the documents obtained in the research conducted at The National Archives in London. During his duty, Rauf Bey received information from the political circles in London about the course of the war and tried to be informed about the decisions taken in favor of or against Turkey. He shared all this information and decisions with the Turkish Government as quickly as possible. This information given by him has been very effective in determining the foreign policy of the government. Rauf Bey, especially in his meetings with Prime Minister Churchill and Foreign Minister Eden, frequently referred to the British war material aid to Turkey. When he realized that England was not very sincere about this aid, he warned the Turkish Government to be cautious against the British. As a result of his warnings, Turkey suspended the issue of entering the war on the side of England for a long time, despite the pressures.

 In World War II which began on September 1, 1939, Turkey preferred to remain neutral based on its experiences in the First World War. At the beginning of the war, it tried to follow a policy of balance among the great states by preserving its territorial integrity. Turkey, which wanted to maintain a peaceful relationship especially with England and Soviet Russia, attempted to make an agreement with both states when the war started. England approached this situation moderately; however, since Soviet Russia wanted to have a say in the Turkish Straits, it did not respond positively to Turkeys request for an agreement. In 1941, when Germany invaded Bulgaria and approached the Turkish border, the balances in the war changed. Because of the possibility of Germany to reach Middle East oil through Turkey, and Soviet Russia to the possibility of Germany to seize the Straits, England turned their focus to this region and the possibility of Turkey entering the war arose. Turkey, especially after 1942, was heavily exposed to the pressure of England to enter the war. Rauf Bey, who was appointed as the London Ambassador in the same year, was very important in this sense. In the sources related to the World War II, Rauf Beys activities in the ambassadorship are mostly not included. However, it was seen in the documents obtained in the research conducted at The National Archives in London. During his duty, Rauf Bey received information from the political circles in London about the course of the war and tried to be informed about the decisions taken in favor of or against Turkey. He shared all this information and decisions with the Turkish Government as quickly as possible. This information given by him has been very effective in determining the foreign policy of the government. Rauf Bey, especially in his meetings with Prime Minister Churchill and Foreign Minister Eden, frequently referred to the British war material aid to Turkey. When he realized that England was not very sincere about this aid, he warned the Turkish Government to be cautious against the British. As a result of his warnings, Turkey suspended the issue of entering the war on the side of England for a long time, despite the pressures.

 1 Eylül 1939 tarihinde başlayan II. Dünya Savaşında Türkiye, I. Dünya Savaşındaki tecrübelerinden de hareketle tarafsız kalmayı tercih etmiştir. Savaşın başında toprak bütünlüğünü koruyarak büyük devletlerarasında denge politikası izlemeye çalışmıştır. Özellikle İngiltere ve Sovyet Rusya ile barışçıl bir ilişki sürdürmek isteyen Türkiye savaş başladığında her iki devletle anlaşma girişimlerinde bulunmuştur. İngiltere bu duruma ılımlı yaklaşmış; ancak Sovyet Rusya Türk Boğazlarında söz sahibi olmak istediğinden Türkiyenin anlaşma talebine olumlu yanıt vermemiştir. 1941 yılında Almanyanın Bulgaristanı işgal ederek Türkiye sınırına yaklaşması üzerine savaşta dengeler değişmiştir. İngiltere, Almanyanın Türkiye üzerinden Orta Doğu petrollerine ulaşma, Sovyet Rusya ise Almanyanın Boğazları ele geçirme ihtimalinden dolayı odaklarını bu bölgeye çevirmişler ve Türkiyenin savaşa girme ihtimali doğmuştur. Türkiye, özellikle 1942 yılından sonra İngilterenin savaşa gir baskısına yoğun bir şekilde maruz kalmıştır. Aynı yıl Londra Büyükelçiliği görevine getirilen Rauf Beyin görevi bu anlamda oldukça önem arz etmiştir. II. Dünya Savaşı ile ilgili kaynaklarda çoğunlukla Rauf Beyin büyükelçilik görevindeki faaliyetlerine yer verilmemiştir. Ancak Londrada bulunan The National Archivesda yapılan araştırmada elde edilen belgelerde görülmüştür ki Rauf Bey, görevi süresince savaşın gidişatı hakkında Londradaki siyasi çevrelerden bilgiler almış, Türkiye lehine ya da aleyhine alınan kararlardan haberdar olmaya çalışmıştır. Tüm bu bilgileri ve kararları da olabildiğince çabuk bir şekilde Türk Hükûmeti ile paylaşmıştır. Onun verdiği bu bilgiler hükûmetin dış politikasının belirlenmesinde oldukça etkili olmuştur. Rauf Bey, özellikle Başbakan Churchill ve Dışişleri Bakanı Eden ile yaptığı görüşmelerde sık sık İngilterenin Türkiyeye yapacağı savaş malzemesi yardımı konusuna değinmiş, İngilterenin bu yardım konusunda çok samimi olmadığını anladığında Türk Hükûmetine İngilizlere karşı temkinli olması yönünde uyarılarda bulunmuştur. Onun bu uyarıları neticesinde Türkiye, baskılara rağmen İngilterenin yanında savaşa girme konusunu uzun süre askıya almıştır.

Makale detayları

TURKISH-BRITISH RELATIONS DURING RAUF ORBAY’S TERM AS AMBASSADORY IN LONDON

Yazarlar:

Nazire Doğan | Hikmet Zeki Kapcı

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Tarihi (Diğer) | Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 47, pp.791-819

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001308185

pISSN:

1300-0756

World War Second

Rauf Bey

London Embassy

England

Churchill.II. Dünya Savaşı

Rauf Bey

Londra Büyükelçiliği

İngiltere

Churchill

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Nazire Doğan | Hikmet Zeki Kapcı

Yayıncı: Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar: Yakınçağ Tarihi (Diğer) | Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi: Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 47, pp.791-819

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 12/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001308185

pISSN: 1300-0756

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Nazire Doğan | Hikmet Zeki Kapcı

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Yakınçağ Tarihi (Diğer) | Atatürk İlkeleri İnkılap Tarihi

Dergi:

Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.23 Issue 47, pp.791-819

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

12/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001308185

pISSN:

1300-0756