A Look at The Pre-Protestant German Translations of The Bible

Salih Çinpolat

Makale detayları

A Look at The Pre-Protestant German Translations of The Bible

Yazarlar:

Salih Çinpolat

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dinler Tarihi

Dergi:

HİKEM Vol.1 Issue 1, pp.37-50

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298803

pISSN:

3023-4247

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 While the Latin translation of the Bible Vulgate was accepted as the main text in Catholic Christianity, Protestantism rejected the sanctity of Latin and emphasised the importance of getting the message of the Christian holy book to the whole world by translating it into different languages. Martin Luther emphasised the authority of the Bible Sola Scriptura and translated it into German. Thus, translation of the Bible became identified with Protestantism and Martin Luther was seen as the pioneer of the translation process. Before Protestantism, however, there were Italian, German, Dutch and French translations of the Bible in Europe, and the Roman Catholic Church imposed no sanctions on these translations. This research provides information on fourteen of the German translations of the Bible that were made and published in print in the years before the emergence of Protestantism. These translations are named after the owner of the printing press. For the first five translations, by Johannes Mentelin, Heinrich Eggestein, Jodocus Pflanzmann, Günther Zainer, Johann Sensenschmidt-Andreas Frisner, the place and date of publication are not indicated on the work. Based on the words used in the translations, the characteristics of the paper and the studies of the engravings, it is assumed that the five translations in question were published between 1464 and 1476. The first two translations are thought to have been published in Strasbourg, the third and fourth in Augsburg and the fifth in Nuremberg. Information on the printer, place and year of the translations published in the following years is as follows Günther Zainer Augsburg, 1477, Anton Sorg Augsburg, 1477, 1480, Anton Koberger Nuremberg, 1483, Johann Reinharfd de Grüninger Strasbourg, 1485 , Johann Schönsperger Augsburg, 1487, 1490, Hans Otmar, Augsburg, 1507, Silvan Otmar Augsburg, 1518. For example, German translations of the Bible were made and published before the Protestant movement arose and before Martin Luther translated the Bible into German. Martin Luthers translation of the Bible from Greek sources into German, his careful use of words that people could understand, and the efforts of Protestants to translate the Bible into different languages in the historical process are important. However, it is important to know that translations of the Christian holy book into languages other than Latin especially German predate Protestantism and Martin Luther.

 While the Latin translation of the Bible Vulgate was accepted as the main text in Catholic Christianity, Protestantism rejected the sanctity of Latin and emphasised the importance of getting the message of the Christian holy book to the whole world by translating it into different languages. Martin Luther emphasised the authority of the Bible Sola Scriptura and translated it into German. Thus, translation of the Bible became identified with Protestantism and Martin Luther was seen as the pioneer of the translation process. Before Protestantism, however, there were Italian, German, Dutch and French translations of the Bible in Europe, and the Roman Catholic Church imposed no sanctions on these translations. This research provides information on fourteen of the German translations of the Bible that were made and published in print in the years before the emergence of Protestantism. These translations are named after the owner of the printing press. For the first five translations, by Johannes Mentelin, Heinrich Eggestein, Jodocus Pflanzmann, Günther Zainer, Johann Sensenschmidt-Andreas Frisner, the place and date of publication are not indicated on the work. Based on the words used in the translations, the characteristics of the paper and the studies of the engravings, it is assumed that the five translations in question were published between 1464 and 1476. The first two translations are thought to have been published in Strasbourg, the third and fourth in Augsburg and the fifth in Nuremberg. Information on the printer, place and year of the translations published in the following years is as follows Günther Zainer Augsburg, 1477, Anton Sorg Augsburg, 1477, 1480, Anton Koberger Nuremberg, 1483, Johann Reinharfd de Grüninger Strasbourg, 1485 , Johann Schönsperger Augsburg, 1487, 1490, Hans Otmar, Augsburg, 1507, Silvan Otmar Augsburg, 1518. For example, German translations of the Bible were made and published before the Protestant movement arose and before Martin Luther translated the Bible into German. Martin Luthers translation of the Bible from Greek sources into German, his careful use of words that people could understand, and the efforts of Protestants to translate the Bible into different languages in the historical process are important. However, it is important to know that translations of the Christian holy book into languages other than Latin especially German predate Protestantism and Martin Luther.

 While the Latin translation of the Bible Vulgate was accepted as the main text in Catholic Christianity, Protestantism rejected the sanctity of Latin and emphasised the importance of getting the message of the Christian holy book to the whole world by translating it into different languages. Martin Luther emphasised the authority of the Bible Sola Scriptura and translated it into German. Thus, translation of the Bible became identified with Protestantism and Martin Luther was seen as the pioneer of the translation process. Before Protestantism, however, there were Italian, German, Dutch and French translations of the Bible in Europe, and the Roman Catholic Church imposed no sanctions on these translations. This research provides information on fourteen of the German translations of the Bible that were made and published in print in the years before the emergence of Protestantism. These translations are named after the owner of the printing press. For the first five translations, by Johannes Mentelin, Heinrich Eggestein, Jodocus Pflanzmann, Günther Zainer, Johann Sensenschmidt-Andreas Frisner, the place and date of publication are not indicated on the work. Based on the words used in the translations, the characteristics of the paper and the studies of the engravings, it is assumed that the five translations in question were published between 1464 and 1476. The first two translations are thought to have been published in Strasbourg, the third and fourth in Augsburg and the fifth in Nuremberg. Information on the printer, place and year of the translations published in the following years is as follows Günther Zainer Augsburg, 1477, Anton Sorg Augsburg, 1477, 1480, Anton Koberger Nuremberg, 1483, Johann Reinharfd de Grüninger Strasbourg, 1485 , Johann Schönsperger Augsburg, 1487, 1490, Hans Otmar, Augsburg, 1507, Silvan Otmar Augsburg, 1518. For example, German translations of the Bible were made and published before the Protestant movement arose and before Martin Luther translated the Bible into German. Martin Luthers translation of the Bible from Greek sources into German, his careful use of words that people could understand, and the efforts of Protestants to translate the Bible into different languages in the historical process are important. However, it is important to know that translations of the Christian holy book into languages other than Latin especially German predate Protestantism and Martin Luther.

 Katolik Hristiyanlıkta Kitab-ı Mukaddesin Latince çevirisi Vulgata esas metin kabul edilirken, Protestanlıkta Latincenin kutsallığına karşı çıkılmış, Hristiyan kutsal kitabının farklı dillere çevrilerek mesajının tüm dünyaya ulaştırılmasına önem verilmiştir. Martin Luther, Kitab-ı Mukaddesin otoritesine vurgu yapmış Sola Scriptura ve onu Almancaya çevirmiştir. Böylece Kitab-ı Mukaddes çevirileri Protestanlıkla özdeşleştirilmiş ve çeviri işleminin öncüsü olarak da Martin Luther ön plana çıkarılmıştır. Ancak Protestanlıktan önce de Kitab-ı Mukaddesin Avrupada İtalyanca, Almanca, Flemenkçe ve Fransızca çevirileri yapılmış, Roma Katolik Kilisesi de bu çevirilerle ilgili bir yaptırım uygulamamıştır. Bu araştırmada henüz Protestanlık ortaya çıkmadan önceki yıllarda yapılan ve matbu olarak basılan Kitab-ı Mukaddesin Almanca çevirilerinden on dört tanesi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Bu çeviriler basılan matbaanın sahibine nispet edilerek adlandırılmıştır. Johannes Mentelin, Heinrich Eggestein, Jodocus Pflanzmann, Günther Zainer, Johann Sensenschmidt-Andreas Frisner tarafından basılan ilk beş çeviride eser üzerinde basım yeri ve tarihi belirtilmemiştir. Çevirilerde kullanılan kelimeler, kağıt özellikleri ve gravürler üzerinde yapılan incelemelerden yola çıkılarak söz konusu beş çevirinin 1464-1476 yılları arasında yayımlandığı kabul edilmiştir. İl iki çevirinin Strassburgda, üçüncü ve dördüncü çevirilerin Augsburgda, beşinci çevirinin ise Nürnbergde basıldığı değerlendirilmektedir. Daha sonraki yıllarda yayımlanan çevirilerin ise matbaa sahibi, basım yeri ve yılına ait bilgiler şöyledir: Günther Zainer Augsburg, 1477, Anton Sorg Augsburg 1477, 1480, Anton Koberger Nürnberg, 1483, Johann Reinharfd de Grüninger Strassburg, 1485, Johann Schönsperger Augsburg, 1487, 1490, Hans Otmar Augsburg, 1507, Silvan Otmar Augsburg, 1518. Buna göre henüz Protestan hareket ortaya çıkmadan ve Martin Luther Kitab-ı Mukaddesi Almancaya çevirmeden önce Kitab-ı Mukaddesin Almanca çevirileri yapılmış ve yayımlanmıştır. Martin Lutherin Kitab-ı Mukaddesi Grekçe kaynaklardan Almancaya çevirmesi, halkın anlayacağı kelimeler kullanmaya özen göstermesi, Protestanların da tarihi süreçte Kitab-ı Mukaddesi farklı dillere çevirmek için gösterdikleri çabalar önemlidir. Ancak Hristiyan kutsal kitabının Latince dışındaki dillere özellikle Almancaya yapılan çevirilerinin Protestanlık ve Martin Lutherden önce de var olduğu bilinmelidir.

Makale detayları

A Look at The Pre-Protestant German Translations of The Bible

Yazarlar:

Salih Çinpolat

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dinler Tarihi

Dergi:

HİKEM Vol.1 Issue 1, pp.37-50

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298803

pISSN:

3023-4247

History of Religions

Bible

Translation

Martin Luther

German

ProtestantismDinler Tarihi

Kitab-ı Mukaddes

Çeviri

Martin Luther

Almanca

Protestanlık

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Salih Çinpolat

Yayıncı: Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar: Dinler Tarihi

Dergi: HİKEM Vol.1 Issue 1, pp.37-50

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001298803

pISSN: 3023-4247

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Salih Çinpolat

Yayıncı:

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dinler Tarihi

Dergi:

HİKEM Vol.1 Issue 1, pp.37-50

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298803

pISSN:

3023-4247