Enigmatic Entities of the Acellular World: Viruses, Viroids, and Virusoids

Sidhant JAİN; Soumen DAS

doi:https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2022.1079841

Makale detayları

Enigmatic Entities of the Acellular World: Viruses, Viroids, and Virusoids

Yazarlar:

Sidhant JAİN | Soumen DAS

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Dergi:

European Journal of Biology 2022 Vol.81 Issue 1, pp.85-95

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2022

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2000424318

eISSN:

2618-6144

pISSN:

2602-2575

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2022.1079841

Özet:

 

Genetic material confined within the lipid based cellular boundaries was earlier considered synonymous with life. However, with the discovery of viruses in late 19th century, the existence of acellular biological entities was established. Viruses, viroids, and virusoids are unique entities which have different relationships with different life forms ranging from mutualistic to parasitic ones. These entities provide evidence in support of the idea of ‘RNA world’ in the origin of life on Earth. In the present time, viruses are relatively well studied but the same cannot be said for viroids and virusoids. There has been a growing focus on the impact of these entities, in terms of human welfare as well as their impact on susceptible varieties of plants. As a result, studying their origin, evolution and pathogenicity has become a subject of the uttermost importance. In this review, we have discussed different facets of viruses, viroids and virusoids like their historical background, classification and mode of entry and replication in the host. We have also summarized various possible theories on their origin and evolution and have provided our take on it. This work indicates the possibility that different viruses originated distinctly by utilizing different strategies and evolved further. Clues like small size and high GC content in genomes indicate that viroids must be an important component of the pre-cellular world and it is possible that they might have originated before viruses. Furthermore, as viroids and virusoids show certain conserved properties, it suggests a probable link between them.

Makale detayları

Enigmatic Entities of the Acellular World: Viruses, Viroids, and Virusoids

Yazarlar: Sidhant JAİN | Soumen DAS

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Dergi: European Journal of Biology 2022 Vol.81 Issue 1, pp.85-95

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2022

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2000424318

eISSN: 2618-6144

pISSN: 2602-2575

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2022.1079841

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Sidhant JAİN | Soumen DAS

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Dergi:

European Journal of Biology 2022 Vol.81 Issue 1, pp.85-95

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2022

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2000424318

eISSN:

2618-6144

pISSN:

2602-2575

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2022.1079841