A Heresiographical Treatise Written in 10th/16th Century: Firqa-ye Nājīye Polemics on the Method of Determining the Saved Sect through the Claims of Nasīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī and Jalāl al-Dīn Davānī

Halil Işılak

Makale detayları

A Heresiographical Treatise Written in 10th/16th Century: Firqa-ye Nājīye Polemics on the Method of Determining the Saved Sect through the Claims of Nasīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī and Jalāl al-Dīn Davānī

Yazarlar:

Halil Işılak

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 1, pp.267-280

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289874

pISSN:

2528-9861

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study discusses the classifications of sects in a treatise named Firqa-ye Nājīye, written in Persian by a Shiite scholar in 9821574. In this treatise, which is in the Merkez-i İḥyâʾi Heritage Library and has no other copy as far as we know, it has been tried to prove that the Twelver Shiʿa is the saved sect firqa-yi nājiya through seventy-three sects classification. The author summarized the seven doubts raised by the devil, the first events that caused the Muslim community umma to disagree, and the general information about the sects from al-Milal wa-l-niḥal, the classifications of the sects from Sharḥ al-Mawāqif, but reconstructed the data in these texts according to the Shiite understanding. On the other hand, the main reason for writing this treatise is to respond to Jalāl al-Dīn Davānīs claims rather than the classification of sects. Nasīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī determined a method for the identification of the saved sect as differentiating from all sects in matters of theology. He claimed that the Twelver Shīʿīsm differed from the other sects in all matters of theology and was therefore the saved sect. Davānī stated that Twelver Shīʿīsm differed from other sects only with the belief in imamate, which is not the subject of creed, and that it generally agrees with Mutazila in other creeds, thus claiming that Tusis claim is baseless. He also said that, when considered through the same method, Ashʿarīsm is more worthy of being the saved sect, because this sect differs from all sects in matters related to the creeds. Contrary to Davānīs claim, the author of Firqa-ye Nājīye stated that imamate was one of the most important principles of religion and also claimed that the Twelver Shīʿīsm differed from other sects in matters of creed other than imamate. However, he failed to provide sufficient data to justify this claim.

 This study discusses the classifications of sects in a treatise named Firqa-ye Nājīye, written in Persian by a Shiite scholar in 9821574. In this treatise, which is in the Merkez-i İḥyâʾi Heritage Library and has no other copy as far as we know, it has been tried to prove that the Twelver Shiʿa is the saved sect firqa-yi nājiya through seventy-three sects classification. The author summarized the seven doubts raised by the devil, the first events that caused the Muslim community umma to disagree, and the general information about the sects from al-Milal wa-l-niḥal, the classifications of the sects from Sharḥ al-Mawāqif, but reconstructed the data in these texts according to the Shiite understanding. On the other hand, the main reason for writing this treatise is to respond to Jalāl al-Dīn Davānīs claims rather than the classification of sects. Nasīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī determined a method for the identification of the saved sect as differentiating from all sects in matters of theology. He claimed that the Twelver Shīʿīsm differed from the other sects in all matters of theology and was therefore the saved sect. Davānī stated that Twelver Shīʿīsm differed from other sects only with the belief in imamate, which is not the subject of creed, and that it generally agrees with Mutazila in other creeds, thus claiming that Tusis claim is baseless. He also said that, when considered through the same method, Ashʿarīsm is more worthy of being the saved sect, because this sect differs from all sects in matters related to the creeds. Contrary to Davānīs claim, the author of Firqa-ye Nājīye stated that imamate was one of the most important principles of religion and also claimed that the Twelver Shīʿīsm differed from other sects in matters of creed other than imamate. However, he failed to provide sufficient data to justify this claim.

 This study discusses the classifications of sects in a treatise named Firqa-ye Nājīye, written in Persian by a Shiite scholar in 9821574. In this treatise, which is in the Merkez-i İḥyâʾi Heritage Library and has no other copy as far as we know, it has been tried to prove that the Twelver Shiʿa is the saved sect firqa-yi nājiya through seventy-three sects classification. The author summarized the seven doubts raised by the devil, the first events that caused the Muslim community umma to disagree, and the general information about the sects from al-Milal wa-l-niḥal, the classifications of the sects from Sharḥ al-Mawāqif, but reconstructed the data in these texts according to the Shiite understanding. On the other hand, the main reason for writing this treatise is to respond to Jalāl al-Dīn Davānīs claims rather than the classification of sects. Nasīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī determined a method for the identification of the saved sect as differentiating from all sects in matters of theology. He claimed that the Twelver Shīʿīsm differed from the other sects in all matters of theology and was therefore the saved sect. Davānī stated that Twelver Shīʿīsm differed from other sects only with the belief in imamate, which is not the subject of creed, and that it generally agrees with Mutazila in other creeds, thus claiming that Tusis claim is baseless. He also said that, when considered through the same method, Ashʿarīsm is more worthy of being the saved sect, because this sect differs from all sects in matters related to the creeds. Contrary to Davānīs claim, the author of Firqa-ye Nājīye stated that imamate was one of the most important principles of religion and also claimed that the Twelver Shīʿīsm differed from other sects in matters of creed other than imamate. However, he failed to provide sufficient data to justify this claim.

 Bu çalışmada 9821574 yılında İmâmiyye Şîasına mensup bir âlim tarafından Farsça kaleme alınmış Fırḳa-i Nâciye isimli makâlât eserindeki fırka tasnifleri ele alınmaktadır. Merkez-i İḥyâʾi Mîras-ı İslâmî Kütüphanesinde yer alan ve bildiğimiz kadarıyla başka nüshası bulunmayan bu risalede yetmiş üç fırka tasnifi üzerinden İmâmiyye Şîasının fırka-i nâciye olduğu ispatlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Yazar; şeytanın ortaya attığı yedi şüphe, ümmetin ihtilaf etmesine sebep olan ilk olaylar ve mezhepler hakkındaki genel bilgileri el-Milel ven-niḥalden, fırka tasniflerini Şerḥul-Mevâḳıfdan özetlemiş, fakat bu metinlerdeki verileri Şiî anlayış istikametinde yeniden kurgulamıştır. Öte yandan bu risalenin yazılmasındaki asıl sebep fırka tasnifinden ziyade Celâlüddîn ed-Devvânînin iddialarına cevap üretmektir. Nasîrüddîn et-Tûsî, fırka-i nâciyenin tespiti noktasında akaidusûl konularında bütün mezheplerden farklılaşmak şeklinde bir yöntem belirlemiş; İmâmiyye Şîasının akaid konularının tamamında diğer mezheplerden farklılaştığını ve bundan dolayı da fırka-i nâciye olduğunu iddia etmiştir. Devvânî ise İmâmiyyenin sadece akaid konusu olmayan imamet anlayışıyla diğer mezheplerden ayrıştığını ve bunun dışındaki akîde esaslarında genellikle Mutezile ile muvafık olduğunu belirtmiş ve böylelikle Tûsînin iddiasının temelsiz olduğunu ileri sürmüştür. Bu noktada söz konusu yönteme göre Eşarîliğin fırka-i nâciye olmaya daha layık olduğunu, çünkü bu mezhebin akîdeyle ilişkili konularda bütün mezheplerden farklılaştığını ifade etmiştir. Fırḳa-i Nâciye yazarı, Devvânînin iddiasının aksine imametin dinin en önemli esaslarından birisi olduğunu belirtmiş ve ayrıca İmâmiyyenin imamet dışında başka konularda da diğer mezheplerden ayrıştığını iddia etmiştir. Fakat bu iddiasını temellendirmede noktasında yeterli veri sunamamıştır.

Makale detayları

A Heresiographical Treatise Written in 10th/16th Century: Firqa-ye Nājīye Polemics on the Method of Determining the Saved Sect through the Claims of Nasīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī and Jalāl al-Dīn Davānī

Yazarlar:

Halil Işılak

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 1, pp.267-280

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289874

pISSN:

2528-9861

Islamic Theological Sects

Firqa-ye Nājiya Treatise

Twelver Shīʿīsm

Ashʿarīsm

Nasīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī

Jalāl al-Dīn Dawānī.Mezhepler Tarihi

Fırḳa-i Nâciye Risalesi

İmâmiyye Şîası

Eş‘arîlik

Nasîrüddîn et-Tûsî

Devvânî.

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Halil Işılak

Yayıncı: Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar: Din Araştırmaları

Dergi: Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 1, pp.267-280

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001289874

pISSN: 2528-9861

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Halil Işılak

Yayıncı:

Sivas Cumhuriyet University

Ana Başlıklar:

Din Araştırmaları

Dergi:

Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 1, pp.267-280

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289874

pISSN:

2528-9861