DESALINATION OF UNDERWATER CERAMIC CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE EXAMPLE OF KERPE UNDERWATER EXCAVATION

Hiranur Gültekin; Serkan Gedük

Makale detayları

DESALINATION OF UNDERWATER CERAMIC CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE EXAMPLE OF KERPE UNDERWATER EXCAVATION

Yazarlar:

Hiranur Gültekin | Serkan Gedük

Yayıncı:

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kültürel Miras ve Koruma

Dergi:

PROPONTICA Vol.2 Issue 3, pp.133-146

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001314543

pISSN:

2980-132X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 Salinity, which is one of the chemical properties of the marine environment, is mixed into seawater due to the dynamic exchange processes between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere and the dissolution of the shells of marine organisms on the seabed. The amount of soluble salts is measured in parts per million ppm, but in this article, it is measured in parts per thousand ppt. When soluble salts are not removed by appropriate conservation methods, they crystalize in the pores of artefacts that constitute underwater cultural heritage. These crystals cause physical deterioration in ceramics, which are porous cultural heritage, such as fragmentation from the surface and microscopic cracks. For this reason, the first step in repairing cultural remains recovered from underwater archaeological excavations is to determine the physical properties of the artefacts, such as porosity and salt absorption capacity, as well as the type and amount of salt accumulated in their pores. Thus, the appropriate desalination method can be selected, and estimates can be made on how long the desalination process will take. This paper studied ceramic sherds of Roman and Byzantine amphorae and cooking vessels recovered during underwater excavations in the ancient harbor of Kerpe Bay in Kocaeli, Turkey, in 2022. The aim of the study was to make a preliminary examination for further studies, including instrumental analyses, and to determine the types and amounts of salt deposited on the samples. The samples were desalinated for one month in 200 ml containers with weekly changes of deionized water, and the desalination water was tested to measure salinity and determine the dissolved salt species. Spot tests were used to determine dissolved salts. Sulphate, chloride and carbonate were found in the samples due to these tests. The porosity of the samples was determined by the water absorption method.

 Salinity, which is one of the chemical properties of the marine environment, is mixed into seawater due to the dynamic exchange processes between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere and the dissolution of the shells of marine organisms on the seabed. The amount of soluble salts is measured in parts per million ppm, but in this article, it is measured in parts per thousand ppt. When soluble salts are not removed by appropriate conservation methods, they crystalize in the pores of artefacts that constitute underwater cultural heritage. These crystals cause physical deterioration in ceramics, which are porous cultural heritage, such as fragmentation from the surface and microscopic cracks. For this reason, the first step in repairing cultural remains recovered from underwater archaeological excavations is to determine the physical properties of the artefacts, such as porosity and salt absorption capacity, as well as the type and amount of salt accumulated in their pores. Thus, the appropriate desalination method can be selected, and estimates can be made on how long the desalination process will take. This paper studied ceramic sherds of Roman and Byzantine amphorae and cooking vessels recovered during underwater excavations in the ancient harbor of Kerpe Bay in Kocaeli, Turkey, in 2022. The aim of the study was to make a preliminary examination for further studies, including instrumental analyses, and to determine the types and amounts of salt deposited on the samples. The samples were desalinated for one month in 200 ml containers with weekly changes of deionized water, and the desalination water was tested to measure salinity and determine the dissolved salt species. Spot tests were used to determine dissolved salts. Sulphate, chloride and carbonate were found in the samples due to these tests. The porosity of the samples was determined by the water absorption method.

 Salinity, which is one of the chemical properties of the marine environment, is mixed into seawater due to the dynamic exchange processes between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere and the dissolution of the shells of marine organisms on the seabed. The amount of soluble salts is measured in parts per million ppm, but in this article, it is measured in parts per thousand ppt. When soluble salts are not removed by appropriate conservation methods, they crystalize in the pores of artefacts that constitute underwater cultural heritage. These crystals cause physical deterioration in ceramics, which are porous cultural heritage, such as fragmentation from the surface and microscopic cracks. For this reason, the first step in repairing cultural remains recovered from underwater archaeological excavations is to determine the physical properties of the artefacts, such as porosity and salt absorption capacity, as well as the type and amount of salt accumulated in their pores. Thus, the appropriate desalination method can be selected, and estimates can be made on how long the desalination process will take. This paper studied ceramic sherds of Roman and Byzantine amphorae and cooking vessels recovered during underwater excavations in the ancient harbor of Kerpe Bay in Kocaeli, Turkey, in 2022. The aim of the study was to make a preliminary examination for further studies, including instrumental analyses, and to determine the types and amounts of salt deposited on the samples. The samples were desalinated for one month in 200 ml containers with weekly changes of deionized water, and the desalination water was tested to measure salinity and determine the dissolved salt species. Spot tests were used to determine dissolved salts. Sulphate, chloride and carbonate were found in the samples due to these tests. The porosity of the samples was determined by the water absorption method.

 Deniz ortamının kimyasal özelliklerinden biri olan tuzluluk, atmosfer ve hidrosfer arasındaki dinamik değişim süreçleri ve deniz dibindeki deniz canlılarının kabuklarının çözünmesi nedeniyle deniz suyuna karışmaktadır. Çözünebilir tuzların miktarı milyonda parça ppm olarak ölçülmektedir ancak bu makalede binde parça ppt olarak ölçülmüştür. Çözünebilir tuzlar uygun koruma yöntemleriyle uzaklaştırılmadığında, sualtı kültür mirasını oluşturan eserlerin gözeneklerinde kristalleşir. Bu kristaller gözenekli kültür varlıklarından olan seramiklerde yüzeyden parça dökülmesi, mikroskobik çatlaklar gibi fiziksel bozulmalara neden olur. Bu nedenle sualtı arkeoloji kazı çalışmaları sonunda ele geçen kültür kalıntılarının onarımın ilk aşaması; eserlerin gözeneklilik ve tuz emme kapasitesi gibi fiziksel özelliklerinin ve gözeneklerinde biriken tuzun türü ve miktarının belirlenmesidir. Böylece hem uygun tuzdan arındırma yöntemi seçilebilir hem de arındırma sürecinin ne kadar zaman alacağı üzerinde tahminler yapılabilir. Bu çalışmada Kocaeli, Türkiyedeki antik liman Kerpe Körfezinde 2022 yılında gerçekleştirilen sualtı kazılarında ele geçen, Roma ve Bizans Dönemine tarihlenen amphora ve pişirme kaplarına ait seramik parçalar üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı; örnekler üzerinde yapılacak analitik analizleri de içerecek sonraki çalışmalar için bir ön inceleme yapmak ve örneklerde biriken tuz türleri ile miktarının tespit edilmesidir. Örnekler bir ay boyunca 200 mllik kaplar içerisinde haftalık deiyonize su değişimleri ile tuzdan arındırılmış ve tuzdan arındırma suyu, tuzluluğu ölçmek ve çözünmüş tuz türlerini belirlemek için test edilmiştir. Çözünmüş tuzların belirlenmesi için spot testler kullanılmıştır. Bu testler sonucunda örneklerde sülfat, klorür ve karbonat bulunmuştur. Numunelerin porozitesi su emme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir.

Makale detayları

DESALINATION OF UNDERWATER CERAMIC CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE EXAMPLE OF KERPE UNDERWATER EXCAVATION

Yazarlar:

Hiranur Gültekin | Serkan Gedük

Yayıncı:

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kültürel Miras ve Koruma

Dergi:

PROPONTICA Vol.2 Issue 3, pp.133-146

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001314543

pISSN:

2980-132X

Underwater Cultural Heritage

Kerpe Underwater Excavations

Ceramic Cultural Heritage

Dissolved Salts

Desalination.Sualtı Kültür Mirası

Kerpe Sualtı Kazıları

Seramik Kültür Mirası

Çözünebilir Tuzlar

Tuzdan Arındırma

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hiranur Gültekin | Serkan Gedük

Yayıncı: Ondokuz Mayıs University

Ana Başlıklar: Kültürel Miras ve Koruma

Dergi: PROPONTICA Vol.2 Issue 3, pp.133-146

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 3/2024

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001314543

pISSN: 2980-132X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hiranur Gültekin | Serkan Gedük

Yayıncı:

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Ana Başlıklar:

Kültürel Miras ve Koruma

Dergi:

PROPONTICA Vol.2 Issue 3, pp.133-146

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

3/2024

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001314543

pISSN:

2980-132X