The Egyptian Brotherhood in the Grip of the Gulf Countries and Analysis of the July 3 Coup

Cemal Kazak

Makale detayları

The Egyptian Brotherhood in the Grip of the Gulf Countries and Analysis of the July 3 Coup

Yazarlar:

Cemal Kazak

Yayıncı:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Ortadoğu Çalışmaları

Dergi:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1418-1438

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001328096

pISSN:

2147-1185

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study analyses the internal and external political reasons that led to the failure of the Ikhwan, one of the most controversial political actors of modern Egypt, which succeeded in coming to power in the first independent elections held in Egypt in 2012. Within the scope of this main theme, it focuses on the policies of global and regional powers against the Ikhwans rule, which is likely to lead to significant changes in the region. While countries such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Bahrain, important actors of the Gulf, acted to prevent the Ikhwan from becoming a successful political actor in the region and to push it out of the political process, the Qatari administration increased its support for Morsi. What was the reason for the Gulf countries to pursue such different policies? In this context, the reasons for the overthrow of the elected President Mohamed Morsi by a Gulf-backed military coup in July 2013 are emphasised. The most important factor in choosing this topic is that the Ikhwan is the oldest, most influential and largest Islamic movement in the Arab world. In 2011, the League saw the Arab Spring as an opportunity for itself and, although it won the majority in the Parliament and the Presidency of the Republic in the first independent elections held in 2012 with the Hurriyet and Justice Party it founded, it was ousted from power within a short period of one year. It must be stated that the Society, which had for many years put forward an alternative political project against the existing regimes, failed to carry out this process properly and missed a historical opportunity. Undoubtedly, we can say that the pressure and containment policies applied by global and regional powers on the League were effective in this process.

 This study analyses the internal and external political reasons that led to the failure of the Ikhwan, one of the most controversial political actors of modern Egypt, which succeeded in coming to power in the first independent elections held in Egypt in 2012. Within the scope of this main theme, it focuses on the policies of global and regional powers against the Ikhwans rule, which is likely to lead to significant changes in the region. While countries such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Bahrain, important actors of the Gulf, acted to prevent the Ikhwan from becoming a successful political actor in the region and to push it out of the political process, the Qatari administration increased its support for Morsi. What was the reason for the Gulf countries to pursue such different policies? In this context, the reasons for the overthrow of the elected President Mohamed Morsi by a Gulf-backed military coup in July 2013 are emphasised. The most important factor in choosing this topic is that the Ikhwan is the oldest, most influential and largest Islamic movement in the Arab world. In 2011, the League saw the Arab Spring as an opportunity for itself and, although it won the majority in the Parliament and the Presidency of the Republic in the first independent elections held in 2012 with the Hurriyet and Justice Party it founded, it was ousted from power within a short period of one year. It must be stated that the Society, which had for many years put forward an alternative political project against the existing regimes, failed to carry out this process properly and missed a historical opportunity. Undoubtedly, we can say that the pressure and containment policies applied by global and regional powers on the League were effective in this process.

 This study analyses the internal and external political reasons that led to the failure of the Ikhwan, one of the most controversial political actors of modern Egypt, which succeeded in coming to power in the first independent elections held in Egypt in 2012. Within the scope of this main theme, it focuses on the policies of global and regional powers against the Ikhwans rule, which is likely to lead to significant changes in the region. While countries such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Bahrain, important actors of the Gulf, acted to prevent the Ikhwan from becoming a successful political actor in the region and to push it out of the political process, the Qatari administration increased its support for Morsi. What was the reason for the Gulf countries to pursue such different policies? In this context, the reasons for the overthrow of the elected President Mohamed Morsi by a Gulf-backed military coup in July 2013 are emphasised. The most important factor in choosing this topic is that the Ikhwan is the oldest, most influential and largest Islamic movement in the Arab world. In 2011, the League saw the Arab Spring as an opportunity for itself and, although it won the majority in the Parliament and the Presidency of the Republic in the first independent elections held in 2012 with the Hurriyet and Justice Party it founded, it was ousted from power within a short period of one year. It must be stated that the Society, which had for many years put forward an alternative political project against the existing regimes, failed to carry out this process properly and missed a historical opportunity. Undoubtedly, we can say that the pressure and containment policies applied by global and regional powers on the League were effective in this process.

 Bu çalışma 2012 yılında Mısırda yapılan ilk bağımsız seçimlerde iktidar olmayı başaran modern Mısırın en tartışmalı siyasal aktörlerinden birisi olan İhvanı başarısızlığa götüren iç ve dış politik sebepleri ve iktidar sürecini ele almaktadır. Bu ana temanın kapsamı içerisinde bölgede önemli değişikliklere yol açması muhtemel İhvan iktidarına karşı küresel ve bölgesel güçlerin politikalarına odaklanılmıştır. Körfezin önemli aktörleri Suudi Arabistan, BAE, Bahreyn gibi ülkeler İhvanın bölgede başarılı bir siyasi aktör olmasını engelleyerek politik sürecin dışına itilmesi yönünde hareket ederken Katar yönetimi ise Mursiye desteğini artırmıştır. Körfez ülkelerinin bu şekilde farklı politikalar izlemesinin nedeni neydi? Bu bağlamda seçilmiş Cumhurbaşkanı Muhammed Mursinin, 2013 yılı Temmuz ayında körfez destekli askeri darbe ile indirilmesinin nedenleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu konunun seçilmesinde en önemli etken İhvanın Arap dünyasının en eski, en etkili en ve büyük İslami hareketi olmasıdır. 2011 yılında Arap Baharı ile başlayan süreci kendileri için bir fırsat olarak gören Cemiyet kurduğu Hürriyet ve Adalet Partisi ile 2012 yılında yapılan ilk bağımsız seçimlerde Meclisteki çoğunluğu ve Cumhurbaşkanlığını kazanmasına rağmen 1 yıl gibi kısa bir süre içinde iktidardan indirilmiştir. Uzun yıllar mevcut rejimlere karşı alternatif siyaset projesi ortaya koyan Cemiyetin bu süreci sağlıklı yürütemediği ve tarihi bir fırsatı kaçırdığını ifade etmek gerekir. Hiç şüphesiz ki küresel ve bölgesel güçlerin Cemiyete uyguladığı baskı ve çevreleme politikalarının sürecin bu şekilde sonuçlanmasında etkili olduğunu söyleyebiliriz.

Makale detayları

The Egyptian Brotherhood in the Grip of the Gulf Countries and Analysis of the July 3 Coup

Yazarlar:

Cemal Kazak

Yayıncı:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Ortadoğu Çalışmaları

Dergi:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1418-1438

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001328096

pISSN:

2147-1185

Middle East

Gulf Countries

Egypt

Muslim Brotherhood

Freedom and Justice PartyOrtadoğu

Körfez Ülkeleri

Mısır

İhvan-ı Müslimin

Hürriyet ve Adalet Partisi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Cemal Kazak

Yayıncı: Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Ana Başlıklar: Ortadoğu Çalışmaları

Dergi: İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1418-1438

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001328096

pISSN: 2147-1185

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Cemal Kazak

Yayıncı:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Ana Başlıklar:

Ortadoğu Çalışmaları

Dergi:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1418-1438

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001328096

pISSN:

2147-1185