Crashworthiness Characteristics Of 3D Printed Thin-Walled Square Tubes With Rectangular Holes Under Quasi-Static Compression Loading

Merve Tunay

Makale detayları

Crashworthiness Characteristics Of 3D Printed Thin-Walled Square Tubes With Rectangular Holes Under Quasi-Static Compression Loading

Yazarlar:

Merve Tunay

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

Malzeme Tasarım ve Davranışları

Dergi:

Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering Vol.4 Issue 3, pp.701-714

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001360453

pISSN:

2822-2881

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This paper is designed to examine the crash performance and energy absorption of thin-walled windowed square tubes with incorporated windows, produced from polylactic acid PLA using 3D printing technology. Three independent design variables, each with two levels, were considered in the analysis of the tubes: the number of windows 4, 5, window length 8, 10 mm, and window width 10, 12 mm. To decide the absorbed energy and crash behaviors, the windowed square tubes were loaded under quasi-static compression. The force and resulting displacement responses during the axial compression of the tubes were recorded. Energy absorption and crashworthiness performance were quantified by measuring several critical indicators, including peak crash force PCF, energy absorption EA, specific energy absorption SEA, mean crushing force MCF, and crash force efficiency CFE. The findings indicated that an increase in window size resulted in a reduction in both EA and CFE. For instance, the experimental findings illustrate that the 4W-1 specimen exhibited a SEA value that was approximately 18 and 70 superior to the SEA values recorded for the 4W-2 and 4W-3 specimens, respectively. Furthermore, The CFE demonstrated by specimens 4W-1, 4W-2, and 4W-3 considerably exceeded that of specimens 5W-1, 5W-2, and 5W-3, with percentage increases of approximately 13, 6, and 4, respectively.

 This paper is designed to examine the crash performance and energy absorption of thin-walled windowed square tubes with incorporated windows, produced from polylactic acid PLA using 3D printing technology. Three independent design variables, each with two levels, were considered in the analysis of the tubes: the number of windows 4, 5, window length 8, 10 mm, and window width 10, 12 mm. To decide the absorbed energy and crash behaviors, the windowed square tubes were loaded under quasi-static compression. The force and resulting displacement responses during the axial compression of the tubes were recorded. Energy absorption and crashworthiness performance were quantified by measuring several critical indicators, including peak crash force PCF, energy absorption EA, specific energy absorption SEA, mean crushing force MCF, and crash force efficiency CFE. The findings indicated that an increase in window size resulted in a reduction in both EA and CFE. For instance, the experimental findings illustrate that the 4W-1 specimen exhibited a SEA value that was approximately 18 and 70 superior to the SEA values recorded for the 4W-2 and 4W-3 specimens, respectively. Furthermore, The CFE demonstrated by specimens 4W-1, 4W-2, and 4W-3 considerably exceeded that of specimens 5W-1, 5W-2, and 5W-3, with percentage increases of approximately 13, 6, and 4, respectively.

 This paper is designed to examine the crash performance and energy absorption of thin-walled windowed square tubes with incorporated windows, produced from polylactic acid PLA using 3D printing technology. Three independent design variables, each with two levels, were considered in the analysis of the tubes: the number of windows 4, 5, window length 8, 10 mm, and window width 10, 12 mm. To decide the absorbed energy and crash behaviors, the windowed square tubes were loaded under quasi-static compression. The force and resulting displacement responses during the axial compression of the tubes were recorded. Energy absorption and crashworthiness performance were quantified by measuring several critical indicators, including peak crash force PCF, energy absorption EA, specific energy absorption SEA, mean crushing force MCF, and crash force efficiency CFE. The findings indicated that an increase in window size resulted in a reduction in both EA and CFE. For instance, the experimental findings illustrate that the 4W-1 specimen exhibited a SEA value that was approximately 18 and 70 superior to the SEA values recorded for the 4W-2 and 4W-3 specimens, respectively. Furthermore, The CFE demonstrated by specimens 4W-1, 4W-2, and 4W-3 considerably exceeded that of specimens 5W-1, 5W-2, and 5W-3, with percentage increases of approximately 13, 6, and 4, respectively.

 Bu çalışma, 3B baskı teknolojisi kullanılarak polilaktik asitten PLA üretilen ve pencereler içeren ince cidarlı kare tüplerin enerji sönümleme ve çarpışma dayanımı özelliklerini analiz etmek amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Bunu başarmak için, tüplerin analizinde her biri iki seviyeli üç bağımsız tasarım parametresi dikkate alınmıştır: pencere sayısı 4, 5, pencere uzunluğu 8, 10 mm ve pencere genişliği 10, 12 mm. Enerji sönümleme ve çarpışma dayanımı özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla pencereli ince cidarlı kare tüpler yarı-statik eksenel basma testine tabi tutulmuştur. Tüplerin eksenel basması sırasında kuvvet ve ortaya çıkan yer değiştirme tepkileri kaydedilmiştir. Enerji sönümleme ve çarpışma dayanımı performansı, toplam sönümlenen enerji EA, tepe çarpışma kuvveti PCF, özgül enerji sönümü SEA, ortalama ezilme kuvveti MCF ve çarpışma kuvveti verimliliği CFE gibi çeşitli kritik göstergeler ölçülerek nicelendirilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar, pencere boyutundaki bir artışın hem enerji sönümlemesinde hem de çarpışma kuvveti verimliliğinde bir düşüşe yol açtığını ortaya koymuştur. Örneğin, deneysel bulgular, 4W-1 numunesinin yaklaşık 18 ve 70 oranında sırasıyla 4W-2 ve 4W-3 numuneleri için kaydedilen SEA değerlerinden daha üstün bir SEA değeri sergilediğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, 4W-1, 4W-2 ve 4W-3 numunelerinin sergilediği CFEnin, sırasıyla yaklaşık 13, 6 ve 4lük artışlarla 5W-1, 5W-2 ve 5W-3 numunelerinden önemli ölçüde daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.

Makale detayları

Crashworthiness Characteristics Of 3D Printed Thin-Walled Square Tubes With Rectangular Holes Under Quasi-Static Compression Loading

Yazarlar:

Merve Tunay

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

Malzeme Tasarım ve Davranışları

Dergi:

Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering Vol.4 Issue 3, pp.701-714

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001360453

pISSN:

2822-2881

Windowed thin-walled tubes

3D printing

Crashworthiness

Energy absorption

Fused deposition modellingPencereli ince cidarlı tüpler

3B baskı

Çarpışma

Enerji sönümü

Ergitilmiş yığma modelleme

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Merve Tunay

Yayıncı: Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar: Malzeme Tasarım ve Davranışları

Dergi: Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering Vol.4 Issue 3, pp.701-714

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2025

Belge Dili: İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.): 2001360453

pISSN: 2822-2881

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Merve Tunay

Yayıncı:

Fırat University

Ana Başlıklar:

Malzeme Tasarım ve Davranışları

Dergi:

Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering Vol.4 Issue 3, pp.701-714

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2025

Belge Dili:

İngilizce

Document ID (Org No.):

2001360453

pISSN:

2822-2881