The Classification Problem in Rhetorical Figures Related to Word Repetition in the ʿIlm alBadī'

Ahmet Gezek

Makale detayları

The Classification Problem in Rhetorical Figures Related to Word Repetition in the ʿIlm alBadī'

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Gezek

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.22-39

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320103

pISSN:

2717-610X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the ʿIlm al- Badī, many literary arts are related to meaning and wording. Among these arts, some related to word repetition are considered to beautify the meaning, and some are considered to beautify the pronunciation. Figures of word repetition related to meaning in classical and modern rhetoric books; mushākala irṣād, akis, tardīd, muzāwaja. Figures of speech related to words are raddul-ajuz alaṣ-ṣadr and jinās al-mumāthil. In mushākala, which is defined as expressing meaning with a word in the phrase other than its own wording, the repeated word is the figurative meaning or the second meaning of the word. This art is included in the rhetorical arts section, beautifying rhetoric books meaning. The word repeated in mushākala has the same root as the first word in form and differs from other word repetition arts in that it has a figurative meaning. In irṣād, which means that a word in the sentence gives a clue as to how the sentence will end, the sentence sometimes ends with word repetition, and sometimes with a different word understood from the sentence. Irṣād; It is more comprehensive than other arts of word repetition as it can come with different figures of speech such as ṭibāq, muqābala, tardīd, and raddul-acuz alaṣ-ṣadr. The main thing in this art is to predict how the sentence will end, and when the sentence ends with word repetition, it contains the art of tardīd. The art of akis is saying a new word by entirely or partially changing the places of the words in the sentence. What distinguishes akis from other word repetition arts is the replacement of words within the sentence. Most rhetoric scholars have included it in the arts that beautify the meaning, and some have included it in the arts related to pronunciation. Since a word is repeated in the sentence in the art of tardīd, which means having a word with the same wording and meaning in the sentence, some rhetoric scholars evaluated this art within the art of itnāb in the Ilm al-Maānī, and some evaluated it within the Ilm al- Badī. In muzāwaja, word repetition occurs in conditional sentences. The fact that muzāwaja is related to conditional sentences distinguishes this art from tardīd. Raddul-ajuz alaṣ-ṣadr, which is considered among the arts that beautify pronunciation in rhetoric books, is the presence of the same word or the word from the same root at the end of the sentence at the beginning or within the sentence. This art is similar to irṣād in that a word at the end of the phrase is connected to another word in the sentence, and there is word repetition. Jinās al-mumāthil, one of the arts of word repetition, is the repetition of two nouns, two verbs or two letters that are the same in wording but different in meaning. Jinās al-mumāthil, unlike other types of puns, are included in the word repetition arts in our study because they are related to homophony. Other parts of jinās al-tām were excluded from the scope of the study because their pronunciation occurs between two different words that are the same or similar. In this study, figures of speech related to word repetition were examined, and it was determined that irṣād and raddul-ajuz alaṣ-ṣadr were sometimes used with word repetition and sometimes without word repetition. These two arts; It has been understood that it is more comprehensive than mushākala, akis, tardīd, muzāwaja and jinās al-mumāthil and includes them within itself depending on the situation. In this research, word repetition arts were brought together, and attention was drawn to their differences. It is thought that the fact that there are no studies dealing with these arts in the Ilm al- Badī further increases the importance of our study.

 In the ʿIlm al- Badī, many literary arts are related to meaning and wording. Among these arts, some related to word repetition are considered to beautify the meaning, and some are considered to beautify the pronunciation. Figures of word repetition related to meaning in classical and modern rhetoric books; mushākala irṣād, akis, tardīd, muzāwaja. Figures of speech related to words are raddul-ajuz alaṣ-ṣadr and jinās al-mumāthil. In mushākala, which is defined as expressing meaning with a word in the phrase other than its own wording, the repeated word is the figurative meaning or the second meaning of the word. This art is included in the rhetorical arts section, beautifying rhetoric books meaning. The word repeated in mushākala has the same root as the first word in form and differs from other word repetition arts in that it has a figurative meaning. In irṣād, which means that a word in the sentence gives a clue as to how the sentence will end, the sentence sometimes ends with word repetition, and sometimes with a different word understood from the sentence. Irṣād; It is more comprehensive than other arts of word repetition as it can come with different figures of speech such as ṭibāq, muqābala, tardīd, and raddul-acuz alaṣ-ṣadr. The main thing in this art is to predict how the sentence will end, and when the sentence ends with word repetition, it contains the art of tardīd. The art of akis is saying a new word by entirely or partially changing the places of the words in the sentence. What distinguishes akis from other word repetition arts is the replacement of words within the sentence. Most rhetoric scholars have included it in the arts that beautify the meaning, and some have included it in the arts related to pronunciation. Since a word is repeated in the sentence in the art of tardīd, which means having a word with the same wording and meaning in the sentence, some rhetoric scholars evaluated this art within the art of itnāb in the Ilm al-Maānī, and some evaluated it within the Ilm al- Badī. In muzāwaja, word repetition occurs in conditional sentences. The fact that muzāwaja is related to conditional sentences distinguishes this art from tardīd. Raddul-ajuz alaṣ-ṣadr, which is considered among the arts that beautify pronunciation in rhetoric books, is the presence of the same word or the word from the same root at the end of the sentence at the beginning or within the sentence. This art is similar to irṣād in that a word at the end of the phrase is connected to another word in the sentence, and there is word repetition. Jinās al-mumāthil, one of the arts of word repetition, is the repetition of two nouns, two verbs or two letters that are the same in wording but different in meaning. Jinās al-mumāthil, unlike other types of puns, are included in the word repetition arts in our study because they are related to homophony. Other parts of jinās al-tām were excluded from the scope of the study because their pronunciation occurs between two different words that are the same or similar. In this study, figures of speech related to word repetition were examined, and it was determined that irṣād and raddul-ajuz alaṣ-ṣadr were sometimes used with word repetition and sometimes without word repetition. These two arts; It has been understood that it is more comprehensive than mushākala, akis, tardīd, muzāwaja and jinās al-mumāthil and includes them within itself depending on the situation. In this research, word repetition arts were brought together, and attention was drawn to their differences. It is thought that the fact that there are no studies dealing with these arts in the Ilm al- Badī further increases the importance of our study.

 In the ʿIlm al- Badī, many literary arts are related to meaning and wording. Among these arts, some related to word repetition are considered to beautify the meaning, and some are considered to beautify the pronunciation. Figures of word repetition related to meaning in classical and modern rhetoric books; mushākala irṣād, akis, tardīd, muzāwaja. Figures of speech related to words are raddul-ajuz alaṣ-ṣadr and jinās al-mumāthil. In mushākala, which is defined as expressing meaning with a word in the phrase other than its own wording, the repeated word is the figurative meaning or the second meaning of the word. This art is included in the rhetorical arts section, beautifying rhetoric books meaning. The word repeated in mushākala has the same root as the first word in form and differs from other word repetition arts in that it has a figurative meaning. In irṣād, which means that a word in the sentence gives a clue as to how the sentence will end, the sentence sometimes ends with word repetition, and sometimes with a different word understood from the sentence. Irṣād; It is more comprehensive than other arts of word repetition as it can come with different figures of speech such as ṭibāq, muqābala, tardīd, and raddul-acuz alaṣ-ṣadr. The main thing in this art is to predict how the sentence will end, and when the sentence ends with word repetition, it contains the art of tardīd. The art of akis is saying a new word by entirely or partially changing the places of the words in the sentence. What distinguishes akis from other word repetition arts is the replacement of words within the sentence. Most rhetoric scholars have included it in the arts that beautify the meaning, and some have included it in the arts related to pronunciation. Since a word is repeated in the sentence in the art of tardīd, which means having a word with the same wording and meaning in the sentence, some rhetoric scholars evaluated this art within the art of itnāb in the Ilm al-Maānī, and some evaluated it within the Ilm al- Badī. In muzāwaja, word repetition occurs in conditional sentences. The fact that muzāwaja is related to conditional sentences distinguishes this art from tardīd. Raddul-ajuz alaṣ-ṣadr, which is considered among the arts that beautify pronunciation in rhetoric books, is the presence of the same word or the word from the same root at the end of the sentence at the beginning or within the sentence. This art is similar to irṣād in that a word at the end of the phrase is connected to another word in the sentence, and there is word repetition. Jinās al-mumāthil, one of the arts of word repetition, is the repetition of two nouns, two verbs or two letters that are the same in wording but different in meaning. Jinās al-mumāthil, unlike other types of puns, are included in the word repetition arts in our study because they are related to homophony. Other parts of jinās al-tām were excluded from the scope of the study because their pronunciation occurs between two different words that are the same or similar. In this study, figures of speech related to word repetition were examined, and it was determined that irṣād and raddul-ajuz alaṣ-ṣadr were sometimes used with word repetition and sometimes without word repetition. These two arts; It has been understood that it is more comprehensive than mushākala, akis, tardīd, muzāwaja and jinās al-mumāthil and includes them within itself depending on the situation. In this research, word repetition arts were brought together, and attention was drawn to their differences. It is thought that the fact that there are no studies dealing with these arts in the Ilm al- Badī further increases the importance of our study.

 Bedî ilminde, mana ve lafızla ilgili olarak birçok edebi sanat bulunmaktadır. Bu söz sanatlarından kelime tekrarıyla ilgili olanların bazısı manayı güzelleştiren sanatlar içinde, bazısı lafzı güzelleştiren sanatlar kısmında değerlendirilmiştir. Klasik ve modern belâgat eserlerinde manayla ilgili kelime tekrarı sanatları; müşâkele, irsâd, akis, terdîd ve müzâvece; lafızla ilgili söz sanatları reddül-acüz ales-sadr ve cinâs-ı mümâsildir. Bir anlamın kendi lafzı dışında ibaredeki bir kelime ile söylenmesi olarak tarif edilen müşâkelede tekrar edilen kelime, mecazi anlam veya kelimenin ikinci anlamı olduğu için bu sanat belâgat eserlerinde manayı güzelleştiren söz sanatları kısmında yer almıştır. Müşâkelede tekrar edilen kelime şekil itibarıyla birinci kelimeyle aynı kökten olur ve mecaz anlamı kendisinde bulunması yönüyle diğer kelime tekrarı sanatlarından farklılık gösterir. Cümlenin sonunun nasıl biteceğine ibaredeki bir kelimenin ipucu vermesi demek olan irsâdda cümle bazen kelime tekrarıyla, bazen de cümleden anlaşılan farklı bir kelimeyle sonlanır. İrsâd; tıbâk, mukâbele, terdîd, reddül-acüz ales-sadr gibi farklı söz sanatlarıyla birlikte gelebildiği için diğer kelime tekrarı sanatlarından daha kapsamlıdır. Bu sanatta asıl olan, cümlenin sonunun nasıl sonlanacağının tahmin edilmesi olup kelime tekrarıyla cümle sonlandığında terdîd sanatını ihtiva etmiş olur. Akis sanatı, cümlede kelimelerin yerleri tamamen veya kısmen değiştirilerek yeni bir söz söylenmesidir. Akisi diğer kelime tekrarı sanatlarından ayıran husus, kelimelerin cümle içinde yer değiştirmesidir. Çoğu belâgat bilgini bu sanatı manayı güzelleştiren sanatlara, bazıları ise lafızla ilgili sanatlara dahil etmiştir. Cümlede lafzı ve anlamı aynı bir kelimenin bulunması anlamına gelen terdîd sanatında cümle içinde bir kelime tekrar edildiğinden dolayı bazı belâgat bilginleri bu sanatı meânî ilmindeki itnâb sanatında, bazıları ise bedî ilminde değerlendirmiştir. Müzâvecede kelime tekrarı şart ve cevap cümlelerinde olmaktadır. Müzâvecenin şart ve cevap cümleleriyle ilgili olması, bu sanatı terdîdden ayıran özelliktir. Belâgat eserlerinde lafzı güzelleştiren sanatlar içinde değerlendirilen reddül-acüz ales-sadr; ibare sonundaki kelimenin aynısının veya iştikakının aynı kökten gelen kelimenin cümle başında veya içinde var olmasıdır. Bu sanat, ibarenin sonundaki bir kelimenin cümle içinde başka bir kelimeyle irtibatlı olması ve kelime tekrarının kendisinde olması yönüyle irsâda benzemektedir. Kelime tekrarı sanatlarından cinâs-ı mümâsil, lafız olarak aynı, fakat manası birbirinden farklı olan iki isim, iki fiil veya iki harfin tekrar edilmesidir. Cinâs-ı mümâsil, diğer cinas çeşitlerinden farklı olarak eş seslilikle ilgili olduğu için çalışmamızda kelime tekrarı sanatlarına dahil olmuştur. Cinâs-ı tâmın diğer kısımları ise telaffuzu birbirinin aynısı veya benzeri iki farklı kelime arasında gerçekleştiğinden dolayı çalışmanın kapsamı dışında tutulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, kelime tekrarına dayalı söz sanatları incelenmiş olup bu sanatlardan irsâd ve reddül-acüz ales-sadrın bazen kelime tekrarıyla, bazen de kelime tekrarı dışında kullanıldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu iki sanatın; müşâkele, akis, terdîd, müzâvece ve cinâs-ı mümâsilden daha geniş kapsamlı olduğu ve duruma göre onları kendi içinde barındırdığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, kelime tekrarı sanatları bir araya getirilerek aralarındaki farklara dikkat çekilmiştir. Bedî ilminde bu sanatları konu edinen çalışmaya rastlanmamasının, çalışmamızın önemini daha da arttırdığı düşünülmektedir.

Makale detayları

The Classification Problem in Rhetorical Figures Related to Word Repetition in the ʿIlm alBadī'

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Gezek

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.22-39

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320103

pISSN:

2717-610X

Arabic Language and Rhetoric

ʿIlm al- badī‘

Mushākala

Irṣād

Tardīd.Arap Dili ve Belagati

Bedî‘ İlmi

Müşâkele

İrsâd

Terdîd

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ahmet Gezek

Yayıncı: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar: Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi: Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.22-39

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001320103

pISSN: 2717-610X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ahmet Gezek

Yayıncı:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Ana Başlıklar:

Arap Dili ve Belagatı

Dergi:

Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 1, pp.22-39

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320103

pISSN:

2717-610X