Examination of the Jallianwala Bag Event in the Context of Saadat Hasan Manto’s 1919 Ki Ek Bat and Tamasha’s Stories

Mehmet Kemal Çakmakçı

Makale detayları

Examination of the Jallianwala Bag Event in the Context of Saadat Hasan Manto’s 1919 Ki Ek Bat and Tamasha’s Stories

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Kemal Çakmakçı

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Şarkiyat Mecmuası Issue 43, pp.187-199

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304760

pISSN:

1307-5020

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In 1919, the British enacted the Rowlatt Law to prevent the rising nationalist and revolutionary movements among the Indian people as a result of the pressure and martial law they applied on India. Under this law, Indians were prohibited from performing any action and being in large groups. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, one of the prominent political leaders of the Indian subcontinent, invited the public to implement Hartal, which means closing shops, against this law. The British government did not approve of this decision. Seyfeddin Kiclev, one of the leading activists of the Indian independence movement, and Dr. Satya Pal were arrested for leading the protest against this decision of the British Government. After this situation, people from all walks of life, including children, women, young people, old people, Muslims and Hindus, came together to hold a non-violent protest in Jallianwala Bagh on April 13, 1919. In his 1919 story Ek Bat, Saadat Hasan Manto, the leading short story writer of Urdu literature, narrates the situation faced by the crowd gathered in Amritsar square as a reaction to the Rowlatt Law through a young man named Thila Kanjar, who is addicted to alcohol and gambling. This young man leads the way to unite the people but loses his life when he is shot. However, with the heroism he displays, he inspires the crowd and those that come after him. The author concludes the story with his sisters, who were not welcomed by the public at first, after the main character, Thila, laid down her life for independence, and became respected. The author of another story, Tamasha, wrote about this event through Halid. Horror and heroism are intertwined in the story. At the time of the incident, the author was a seven-year-old living in Amritsar, and the character Halid is also 7 years old in the story. This story is also remarkable in that it is a story that Manto personally experienced.

 In 1919, the British enacted the Rowlatt Law to prevent the rising nationalist and revolutionary movements among the Indian people as a result of the pressure and martial law they applied on India. Under this law, Indians were prohibited from performing any action and being in large groups. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, one of the prominent political leaders of the Indian subcontinent, invited the public to implement Hartal, which means closing shops, against this law. The British government did not approve of this decision. Seyfeddin Kiclev, one of the leading activists of the Indian independence movement, and Dr. Satya Pal were arrested for leading the protest against this decision of the British Government. After this situation, people from all walks of life, including children, women, young people, old people, Muslims and Hindus, came together to hold a non-violent protest in Jallianwala Bagh on April 13, 1919. In his 1919 story Ek Bat, Saadat Hasan Manto, the leading short story writer of Urdu literature, narrates the situation faced by the crowd gathered in Amritsar square as a reaction to the Rowlatt Law through a young man named Thila Kanjar, who is addicted to alcohol and gambling. This young man leads the way to unite the people but loses his life when he is shot. However, with the heroism he displays, he inspires the crowd and those that come after him. The author concludes the story with his sisters, who were not welcomed by the public at first, after the main character, Thila, laid down her life for independence, and became respected. The author of another story, Tamasha, wrote about this event through Halid. Horror and heroism are intertwined in the story. At the time of the incident, the author was a seven-year-old living in Amritsar, and the character Halid is also 7 years old in the story. This story is also remarkable in that it is a story that Manto personally experienced.

 In 1919, the British enacted the Rowlatt Law to prevent the rising nationalist and revolutionary movements among the Indian people as a result of the pressure and martial law they applied on India. Under this law, Indians were prohibited from performing any action and being in large groups. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, one of the prominent political leaders of the Indian subcontinent, invited the public to implement Hartal, which means closing shops, against this law. The British government did not approve of this decision. Seyfeddin Kiclev, one of the leading activists of the Indian independence movement, and Dr. Satya Pal were arrested for leading the protest against this decision of the British Government. After this situation, people from all walks of life, including children, women, young people, old people, Muslims and Hindus, came together to hold a non-violent protest in Jallianwala Bagh on April 13, 1919. In his 1919 story Ek Bat, Saadat Hasan Manto, the leading short story writer of Urdu literature, narrates the situation faced by the crowd gathered in Amritsar square as a reaction to the Rowlatt Law through a young man named Thila Kanjar, who is addicted to alcohol and gambling. This young man leads the way to unite the people but loses his life when he is shot. However, with the heroism he displays, he inspires the crowd and those that come after him. The author concludes the story with his sisters, who were not welcomed by the public at first, after the main character, Thila, laid down her life for independence, and became respected. The author of another story, Tamasha, wrote about this event through Halid. Horror and heroism are intertwined in the story. At the time of the incident, the author was a seven-year-old living in Amritsar, and the character Halid is also 7 years old in the story. This story is also remarkable in that it is a story that Manto personally experienced.

 XX. yüzyıl başlarında İngilizler, Hindistan üzerinde uyguladıkları baskı ve sıkıyönetim neticesinde Hint halkı arasında yükselişe geçen milliyetçi ve devrimci hareketlerin önüne geçmek için 1919 yılında Rowlatt Yasasını çıkarmıştır. Bu yasa ile Hint halkının herhangi bir eylem gerçekleştirmesi ve toplu halde bulunmaları yasaklanmıştır. Hint alt kıtasının önde gelen siyasi liderlerinden Mohandas Karamçand Gandhi bu kanuna karşı halkı dükkân kapatma manasına gelen Hartal uygulamaya davet etmiş ve İngiliz hükümetinin bu kararını onaylamadığını kanıtlamıştır. Hint bağımsızlık hareketinin önde gelen aktivistlerinden Seyfeddin Kiçlev ve Dr. Satya Pal İngiliz Hükümetinin aldığı bu kararı protesto etmeye öncülük ettikleri gerekçesiyle tutuklanmıştır. Tutuklanmalar üzerine halk, 13 Nisan 1919de Caliyanvala Bağda şiddet içermeyen bir protesto gerçekleştirmek için çocuk, kadın, genç, yaşlı, Müslüman, Hindu her kesimden ve yaştan insan bir araya gelmiştir. Urdu edebiyatının önde gelen öykü yazarı Saadat Hasan Manto, 1919 kî Eyk Bât adlı hikâyesinde, yürürlüğe konulan Rowlatt Yasasına tepki olarak Amritsar meydanında toplanan kalabalığın karşı karşıya kaldığı durumu Thila Kancar adında şehirde alkol ve kumar bağımlısı bir gencin üzerinden anlatmaktadır. Bu genç, halkı birleştirmek adına önderlik etmiş, ancak vurularak hayatını kaybetmiş yine de sergilediği kahramanlık ile kendisinden sonra gelen kalabalığa cesaret aşılamıştır. Yazar, hikâyeyi ana karakter Thilanın bağımsızlık için canını ortaya koymasının ardından önceleri halk tarafından hoş karşılanmayan kız kardeşlerinin saygı duyulacak bir duruma gelmesiyle sonlandırır. Bir diğer hikâyesi Temaşada yazar, bu hadiseyi Halid üzerinden kaleme almıştır. Hikâyede korku ve kahramanlık iç içedir. Olay yaşandığında yazar Amritsarda yaşamakta ve Manto da Halid de yedi yaşındadır. Bu hikâye Mantonun bizzat deneyimlediği bir hikâye olması bakımından da dikkat çekicidir.

Makale detayları

Examination of the Jallianwala Bag Event in the Context of Saadat Hasan Manto’s 1919 Ki Ek Bat and Tamasha’s Stories

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Kemal Çakmakçı

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Şarkiyat Mecmuası Issue 43, pp.187-199

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304760

pISSN:

1307-5020

Saadat Hasan Manto

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

Rowlatt Law

1919 ki Ek Bat

TamashaSaadat Hasan Manto

Caliyanvala Bağ Hadisesi

Rowlatt Yasası

1919 kî Eyk Bât

Temaşa

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mehmet Kemal Çakmakçı

Yayıncı: Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar: Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi: Şarkiyat Mecmuası Issue 43, pp.187-199

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 10/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001304760

pISSN: 1307-5020

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Kemal Çakmakçı

Yayıncı:

Istanbul University

Ana Başlıklar:

Dilbilim (Diğer)

Dergi:

Şarkiyat Mecmuası Issue 43, pp.187-199

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

10/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001304760

pISSN:

1307-5020