Rulings on Wearing Fragrance in Islamic Law

Ramazan Araz

Makale detayları

Rulings on Wearing Fragrance in Islamic Law

Yazarlar:

Ramazan Araz

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Mesned İlahiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.38-50

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319148

pISSN:

2667-7075

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study aims to clarify the rulings of wearing fragrances in Islamic law. Pleasant fragrances have been used throughout history by different communities, including prophets for various purposes such as healing, personal care, or religious reasons. Pleasant fragrances have many benefits for humans, the foremost of which is enhancing memory. Fragrances also directly affect the memory, causing the formation of certain emotions or memories. Another remarkable feature of fragrances is that they can arouse human lust. Fragrant plants exist in nature in different types. They are classified into three categories: those cultivated solely for their fragrance, those cultivated for other purposes, and those cultivated both for their fragrance and for other purposes. This classification is significant in terms of the rulings on wearing fragrance. Islam, aiming to protect the happiness of man in this world and the hereafter, has introduced certain rules regarding fragrances, which have a quality that affects human nature. Our Prophet peace be upon him expressed that fragrance has been made dear to him, wore fragrance for daily care, and recommended it to his ummah. Islam considers commendable mustaḥab to wear fragrance for Friday and Eid prayers, and before entering the state of iḥrām in order to be clean and wellgroomed in gatherings. However, for certain reasons, it is forbidden for those in iḥrām to wear fragrance, for women to wear fragrance in the presence of nonmaḥram men, and for women who are in their waiting period due to their husbands death or a irrevocable divorce. The reason behind these prohibitions for women is to prevent the immorality that might arise due to the sexual attraction that fragrance can provoke. Another reason for the prohibition on women in the waiting period is that grooming and adornment are not improper with mourning. This is because engaging in grooming and beauty enhancing activities during a time of sorrow is not only inherently wrong, but also considered improper behavior by society. Wearing fragrance is also one of the prohibitions of ihram. The reason behind this prohibition is that fragrance is incompatible with spirit of ihram. There are some financial sanctions for violating this prohibition. Fragrances produced in the last century generally contain various additives such as alcohol. Therefore, there is a dispute regarding the impurity of fragrances containing additives such as perfume and cologne. Some scholars state that these substances, being impure, would invalidate acts of worship that require purity from najāsa. Other scholars do not consider these substances impure. The rulings on fragrance use reveal how much importance and value Islam attaches to human nature. Indeed, the encouragement of wearing fragrance in certain cases is based on the wisdom of demanding the benefit that will arise. Conversely, prohibiting the same act in other cases aims to prevent greater harm that may arise. Therefore, analyzing the legal rulings on wearing fragrance reveals the delicate balance observed by Islamic law in issuing its rulings. The rulings on wearing fragrance are found scattered under different topics in classical fiqh works. Although there are few studies conducted on wearing fragrance in the modern era, those addressing the issue from a fiqh perspective are inadequate in terms of quality and scope. Thus, there is a need for a study that addresses the situations where wearing fragrance is recommended, the situations where it is prohibited, and and what are the sanctions for them, together with their evidences, from a fiqh perspective. This study examines the rulings on wearing fragrance according to the four schools, primarily the Ḥanafi school, under various headings. It also analyzes the use of cologne and perfume, which are subject to various disputes due to their additives.

 This study aims to clarify the rulings of wearing fragrances in Islamic law. Pleasant fragrances have been used throughout history by different communities, including prophets for various purposes such as healing, personal care, or religious reasons. Pleasant fragrances have many benefits for humans, the foremost of which is enhancing memory. Fragrances also directly affect the memory, causing the formation of certain emotions or memories. Another remarkable feature of fragrances is that they can arouse human lust. Fragrant plants exist in nature in different types. They are classified into three categories: those cultivated solely for their fragrance, those cultivated for other purposes, and those cultivated both for their fragrance and for other purposes. This classification is significant in terms of the rulings on wearing fragrance. Islam, aiming to protect the happiness of man in this world and the hereafter, has introduced certain rules regarding fragrances, which have a quality that affects human nature. Our Prophet peace be upon him expressed that fragrance has been made dear to him, wore fragrance for daily care, and recommended it to his ummah. Islam considers commendable mustaḥab to wear fragrance for Friday and Eid prayers, and before entering the state of iḥrām in order to be clean and wellgroomed in gatherings. However, for certain reasons, it is forbidden for those in iḥrām to wear fragrance, for women to wear fragrance in the presence of nonmaḥram men, and for women who are in their waiting period due to their husbands death or a irrevocable divorce. The reason behind these prohibitions for women is to prevent the immorality that might arise due to the sexual attraction that fragrance can provoke. Another reason for the prohibition on women in the waiting period is that grooming and adornment are not improper with mourning. This is because engaging in grooming and beauty enhancing activities during a time of sorrow is not only inherently wrong, but also considered improper behavior by society. Wearing fragrance is also one of the prohibitions of ihram. The reason behind this prohibition is that fragrance is incompatible with spirit of ihram. There are some financial sanctions for violating this prohibition. Fragrances produced in the last century generally contain various additives such as alcohol. Therefore, there is a dispute regarding the impurity of fragrances containing additives such as perfume and cologne. Some scholars state that these substances, being impure, would invalidate acts of worship that require purity from najāsa. Other scholars do not consider these substances impure. The rulings on fragrance use reveal how much importance and value Islam attaches to human nature. Indeed, the encouragement of wearing fragrance in certain cases is based on the wisdom of demanding the benefit that will arise. Conversely, prohibiting the same act in other cases aims to prevent greater harm that may arise. Therefore, analyzing the legal rulings on wearing fragrance reveals the delicate balance observed by Islamic law in issuing its rulings. The rulings on wearing fragrance are found scattered under different topics in classical fiqh works. Although there are few studies conducted on wearing fragrance in the modern era, those addressing the issue from a fiqh perspective are inadequate in terms of quality and scope. Thus, there is a need for a study that addresses the situations where wearing fragrance is recommended, the situations where it is prohibited, and and what are the sanctions for them, together with their evidences, from a fiqh perspective. This study examines the rulings on wearing fragrance according to the four schools, primarily the Ḥanafi school, under various headings. It also analyzes the use of cologne and perfume, which are subject to various disputes due to their additives.

 This study aims to clarify the rulings of wearing fragrances in Islamic law. Pleasant fragrances have been used throughout history by different communities, including prophets for various purposes such as healing, personal care, or religious reasons. Pleasant fragrances have many benefits for humans, the foremost of which is enhancing memory. Fragrances also directly affect the memory, causing the formation of certain emotions or memories. Another remarkable feature of fragrances is that they can arouse human lust. Fragrant plants exist in nature in different types. They are classified into three categories: those cultivated solely for their fragrance, those cultivated for other purposes, and those cultivated both for their fragrance and for other purposes. This classification is significant in terms of the rulings on wearing fragrance. Islam, aiming to protect the happiness of man in this world and the hereafter, has introduced certain rules regarding fragrances, which have a quality that affects human nature. Our Prophet peace be upon him expressed that fragrance has been made dear to him, wore fragrance for daily care, and recommended it to his ummah. Islam considers commendable mustaḥab to wear fragrance for Friday and Eid prayers, and before entering the state of iḥrām in order to be clean and wellgroomed in gatherings. However, for certain reasons, it is forbidden for those in iḥrām to wear fragrance, for women to wear fragrance in the presence of nonmaḥram men, and for women who are in their waiting period due to their husbands death or a irrevocable divorce. The reason behind these prohibitions for women is to prevent the immorality that might arise due to the sexual attraction that fragrance can provoke. Another reason for the prohibition on women in the waiting period is that grooming and adornment are not improper with mourning. This is because engaging in grooming and beauty enhancing activities during a time of sorrow is not only inherently wrong, but also considered improper behavior by society. Wearing fragrance is also one of the prohibitions of ihram. The reason behind this prohibition is that fragrance is incompatible with spirit of ihram. There are some financial sanctions for violating this prohibition. Fragrances produced in the last century generally contain various additives such as alcohol. Therefore, there is a dispute regarding the impurity of fragrances containing additives such as perfume and cologne. Some scholars state that these substances, being impure, would invalidate acts of worship that require purity from najāsa. Other scholars do not consider these substances impure. The rulings on fragrance use reveal how much importance and value Islam attaches to human nature. Indeed, the encouragement of wearing fragrance in certain cases is based on the wisdom of demanding the benefit that will arise. Conversely, prohibiting the same act in other cases aims to prevent greater harm that may arise. Therefore, analyzing the legal rulings on wearing fragrance reveals the delicate balance observed by Islamic law in issuing its rulings. The rulings on wearing fragrance are found scattered under different topics in classical fiqh works. Although there are few studies conducted on wearing fragrance in the modern era, those addressing the issue from a fiqh perspective are inadequate in terms of quality and scope. Thus, there is a need for a study that addresses the situations where wearing fragrance is recommended, the situations where it is prohibited, and and what are the sanctions for them, together with their evidences, from a fiqh perspective. This study examines the rulings on wearing fragrance according to the four schools, primarily the Ḥanafi school, under various headings. It also analyzes the use of cologne and perfume, which are subject to various disputes due to their additives.

 Bu çalışma İslam hukukunda koku sürünmenin hükümlerini belirtme amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Güzel kokular tarih boyunca peygamberler de dahil çeşitli topluluklar tarafından şifa, kişisel bakım veya dini maksatlar gibi değişik amaçlarla kullanılmıştır. Güzel kokuların insana birçok faydası bulunmaktadır. Hafızayı arttırıcı özelliği bu faydaların başında gelmektedir. Güzel kokular ayrıca belleğe direk etki ederek birtakım duyguların veya anıların oluşmasına neden olabilmektedir. Güzel kokuların dikkat çekici bir diğer özelliği ise insan şehvetini tahrik edebilmesidir. Kokulu bitkiler doğada farklı türlerde bulunmaktadır. Bunlar, yalnızca kokusu için yetiştirilenler, başka bir amaç için yetiştirilenler ve hem kokusu hem de başka amaç için yetiştirilenler olmak üzere üç sınıfa ayrılmaktadır. Koku sürünmenin hükümleri açısından bu tasnif önem arz etmektedir. Kulun dünya ve ahiret saadetini korumayı amaçlayan İslam dini, insan fıtratını etkileyen bir niteliğe haiz olan kokular konusunda birtakım kurallar getirmiştir. Peygamberimiz sas kokunun kendisine sevdirildiğini ifade ederek günlük bakım amaçlı koku sürünmüş ve bunu ümmetine tavsiye etmiştir. İslam dininde ayrıca cuma, bayram namazları için ve ihrama girmeden önce sürünme, topluluk içinde temiz ve bakımlı olma hikmetine matuf olarak müstahab görülmüştür. Bazı hikmetlere binaen ihramlı kişilerin koku sürünmesi, kadınların yabancı erkeklerin yanında koku sürünmesi ve kocasının ölümünden veya bain talakla boşamadan dolayı iddet bekleyen kadınların koku sürünmesi yasaklanmıştır. Kadınlar hususunda vaz edilen bu yasakların hikmeti, kokunun cinsel yönelimi tahrik etmesi sonucu ortaya çıkabilecek fuhşiyatın önlenmesidir. İddet bekleyen kadınların koku sürünmelerinin yasak olmasının bir diğer hikmeti ise, bakım ve süslenmenin yas ile bağdaşmamasıdır. Çünkü üzüntülü olması gereken bir zamanda bakım ve güzellik arttırıcı şeylerle meşgul olunması, fıtraten doğru olmamakla beraber, toplum tarafından da doğru bir davranış olarak kabul edilmemektedir. Koku sürünme ayrıca ihram yasaklarından bir tanesidir. Bu yasağın hikmeti kokunun ihramın ruhuyla uyuşmamasıdır. Bu yasağın ihlali halinde ise bazı maddi yaptırımlar söz konusudur. Son yüzyılda imal edilen kokular genellikle alkol gibi çeşitli katkı maddeleri içermektedir. Bu nedenle parfüm, kolonya gibi içinde katkı maddeleri bulunan kokuların necisliği konusunda ihtilaf bulunmaktadır. Bazı alimler, bu maddelerin necis olmaları sebebiyle necasetten taharetin şart olduğu ibadetlerin sıhhatine mâni olacağını ifade etmişlerdir. Bazı alimler ise bunları necis görmemiştir. Koku kullanımı ile ilgili hükümler İslam dininin insan fıtratına ne kadar önem ve değer verdiğini ortaya koyar niteliktedir. Nitekim koku sürünmenin bazı hallerde teşvik edilmesi, ortaya çıkacak maslahatı talep etme hikmetine taalluk etmektedir. Aynı fiilin bazı hallerde yasaklanması ise ortaya çıkabilecek daha büyük zararı defetme amacıyladır. Dolayısıyla koku sürünmenin fıkhi hükümlerine bakıldığında, İslam şeriatının hüküm vazetme hususunda ne derece hassas bir denge gözettiği tebarüz etmektedir. Klasik fıkıh eserlerinde koku sürünme ile ilgili hükümler değişik konular altında, dağınık halde yer almaktadır. Modern dönemde ise koku sürünme ile ilgili az sayıda çalışma yapılmakla beraber, konuyu fıkhi açıdan ele alan çalışmalar nitelik ve kapsam olarak yetersizdir. Dolayısıyla koku sürünmenin tavsiye edildiği haller, yasaklandığı haller ve bunlara gereken yaptırımların neler olduğunu gibi konuların, delilleriyle beraber fıkhi açıdan ele alınan bir çalışmanın ihtiyacı hasıl oluştur. Bu çalışmada koku sürünmenin hükümleri Hanefî mezhebi başta olmak üzere dört mezhebe göre çeşitli başlıklar altında ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca içinde bulunan katkı maddelerinden dolayı çeşitli ihtilaflara konu olan kolonya ve parfüm kullanımına da fıkhi açıdan değinilmektedir.

Makale detayları

Rulings on Wearing Fragrance in Islamic Law

Yazarlar:

Ramazan Araz

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Mesned İlahiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.38-50

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319148

pISSN:

2667-7075

Fıqh

Ihram

Faragrance

Perfume

CologneFıkıh

İhram

Koku

Parfüm

Kolonya

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Ramazan Araz

Yayıncı: Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Hukuku

Dergi: Mesned İlahiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.38-50

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319148

pISSN: 2667-7075

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Ramazan Araz

Yayıncı:

Inonu University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Mesned İlahiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.15 Issue 1, pp.38-50

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319148

pISSN:

2667-7075