The Issue of Whether the Qānūn-e Asāsī is Based on National/Islamic Law in the Context of Developments in Ottoman Law after Tanzīmāt

Hüseyin Karayaka

Makale detayları

The Issue of Whether the Qānūn-e Asāsī is Based on National/Islamic Law in the Context of Developments in Ottoman Law after Tanzīmāt

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Karayaka

Yayıncı:

Siirt University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Marifetname Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.153-180

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320281

pISSN:

2757-752X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 ABSTRACT The Ottoman Empire, which has been applying Islamic law since the day it was founded, did not refrain from making the necessary regulations in the process. In the Ottoman Empire, the law produced by Islamic jurists in line with the principles of fiqh was called sharia law, and the law that was formed by the decrees of the heads of state and came into force under the name of kanunnâme was called customary law. Despite this law tradition established in the Ottoman Empire, there was no codification activity covering the entirety of a branch of law until the Tanzimat period. After the Tanzimat, on the one hand, national law consisting of sharia and customary law was codified, and on the other hand, some western laws were quoted. Thus, a duality occurred in law and a new era began in the history of Turkish law. We will examine the Kânûn-ı EsâsîBasic Law prepared in this period in terms of its source. With this study, we aim to reveal to what extent the Kânûn-ı Esâsî, which is accepted by the majority as the first written constitution in Turkish law, originates from nationalIslamic law. First of all, under the title of Preparation of the Kânûn-ı Esâsî, we will express the intellectual and political processes in the preparation phase, the developments during its proclamation, its legal nature and content. Then, under the title of The Issue of the Origin of Kânûn-ı Esâsî from NationalIslamic Law, we will reveal the discussions in the preparation stage, whether there was a contribution of the ulama in the drafts and the adopted text. As a result, although some new rules and institutions were added in this constitution, it is seen that the basic principles of the political and legal structure that existed from the beginning of the Ottoman State were preserved. In this form, we can say that the Kânûn-ı Esâsî is not based solely on NationalIslamic law but was prepared using a mixed method.

 ABSTRACT The Ottoman Empire, which has been applying Islamic law since the day it was founded, did not refrain from making the necessary regulations in the process. In the Ottoman Empire, the law produced by Islamic jurists in line with the principles of fiqh was called sharia law, and the law that was formed by the decrees of the heads of state and came into force under the name of kanunnâme was called customary law. Despite this law tradition established in the Ottoman Empire, there was no codification activity covering the entirety of a branch of law until the Tanzimat period. After the Tanzimat, on the one hand, national law consisting of sharia and customary law was codified, and on the other hand, some western laws were quoted. Thus, a duality occurred in law and a new era began in the history of Turkish law. We will examine the Kânûn-ı EsâsîBasic Law prepared in this period in terms of its source. With this study, we aim to reveal to what extent the Kânûn-ı Esâsî, which is accepted by the majority as the first written constitution in Turkish law, originates from nationalIslamic law. First of all, under the title of Preparation of the Kânûn-ı Esâsî, we will express the intellectual and political processes in the preparation phase, the developments during its proclamation, its legal nature and content. Then, under the title of The Issue of the Origin of Kânûn-ı Esâsî from NationalIslamic Law, we will reveal the discussions in the preparation stage, whether there was a contribution of the ulama in the drafts and the adopted text. As a result, although some new rules and institutions were added in this constitution, it is seen that the basic principles of the political and legal structure that existed from the beginning of the Ottoman State were preserved. In this form, we can say that the Kânûn-ı Esâsî is not based solely on NationalIslamic law but was prepared using a mixed method.

 ABSTRACT The Ottoman Empire, which has been applying Islamic law since the day it was founded, did not refrain from making the necessary regulations in the process. In the Ottoman Empire, the law produced by Islamic jurists in line with the principles of fiqh was called sharia law, and the law that was formed by the decrees of the heads of state and came into force under the name of kanunnâme was called customary law. Despite this law tradition established in the Ottoman Empire, there was no codification activity covering the entirety of a branch of law until the Tanzimat period. After the Tanzimat, on the one hand, national law consisting of sharia and customary law was codified, and on the other hand, some western laws were quoted. Thus, a duality occurred in law and a new era began in the history of Turkish law. We will examine the Kânûn-ı EsâsîBasic Law prepared in this period in terms of its source. With this study, we aim to reveal to what extent the Kânûn-ı Esâsî, which is accepted by the majority as the first written constitution in Turkish law, originates from nationalIslamic law. First of all, under the title of Preparation of the Kânûn-ı Esâsî, we will express the intellectual and political processes in the preparation phase, the developments during its proclamation, its legal nature and content. Then, under the title of The Issue of the Origin of Kânûn-ı Esâsî from NationalIslamic Law, we will reveal the discussions in the preparation stage, whether there was a contribution of the ulama in the drafts and the adopted text. As a result, although some new rules and institutions were added in this constitution, it is seen that the basic principles of the political and legal structure that existed from the beginning of the Ottoman State were preserved. In this form, we can say that the Kânûn-ı Esâsî is not based solely on NationalIslamic law but was prepared using a mixed method.

 Kurulduğu günden beri İslam hukukunu uygulayan Osmanlı devleti, süreç içerisinde zamanın gerektirdiği düzenlemeleri yapmaktan geri durmamıştır. Osmanlıda İslam hukukçularının fıkıh usulünün esasları doğrultusunda şerî kaynaklara dayanarak ürettikleri hukuka şerî hukuk, devlet başkanlarının fermanlarıyla oluşup kanunnâme adıyla yürürlüğe giren hukuka da örfi hukuk adı verilmiştir. Osmanlıda yerleşmiş bu kanunnâme geleneğine rağmen Tanzimat dönemine kadar bir hukuk dalının bütününü içine alan bir kanunlaştırma faaliyeti olmamıştır. Tanzimattan sonra bir taraftan şerî ve örfî hukuktan oluşan milli hukuk tedvin edilirken diğer taraftan bazı batılı kanunlar iktibas edilmiştir. Böylece hukukta bir ikilik meydana gelmiş ve Türk hukuk tarihinde yeni bir dönem başlamıştır. Biz bu makalemizde bu dönemde hazırlanan Kânûn-ı Esâsîyi kaynak açısından ele alıp inceleyeceğiz. Bu çalışma ile çoğunluk tarafından Türk hukukunda ilk yazılı anayasa olarak kabul edilen Kânûn-ı Esâsînin ne derece Milliİslam hukuku kaynaklı olduğunu ortaya koymayı hedeflemekteyiz. Önce Kânûn-ı Esâsînin Hazırlanması başlığı altında hazırlık aşamasındaki fikri ve siyasi süreçleri, ilanı sırasındaki gelişmeleri, hukuki mahiyeti ve muhtevasının ne olduğunu ifade edeceğiz. Sonra da Kânûn-ı Esâsînin Milliİslam Hukuku Kaynaklı Oluşu Meselesi başlığı altında hazırlık aşamasındaki tartışmaları, tasarılarda ve kabul edilen metinde ulemanın katkısının olup olmadığını ortaya koymaya çalışacağız. Sonuç olarak bu anayasada yeni bazı kural ve kurumlar ilave edilmekle birlikte Osmanlı Devletinin başından beri var olan siyasî ve hukukî yapısının temel esaslarıyla korunduğu görülmektedir diyebiliriz. Bu haliyle Kânûn-ı Esâsînin, sadece Milliİslam hukuku kaynaklı olmayıp karma usulle hazırlandığını söyleyebiliriz.

Makale detayları

The Issue of Whether the Qānūn-e Asāsī is Based on National/Islamic Law in the Context of Developments in Ottoman Law after Tanzīmāt

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Karayaka

Yayıncı:

Siirt University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Marifetname Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.153-180

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320281

pISSN:

2757-752X

Islamic Law

Ottoman Law

Tanzimat

Constitutionalism

Kânûn-ı Esasî.İslam Hukuku

Osmanlı Hukuku

Tanzimat

Meşrutiyet

Kanûn-ı Esâsî

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Hüseyin Karayaka

Yayıncı: Siirt University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Hukuku

Dergi: Marifetname Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.153-180

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001320281

pISSN: 2757-752X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Hüseyin Karayaka

Yayıncı:

Siirt University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Hukuku

Dergi:

Marifetname Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.153-180

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320281

pISSN:

2757-752X