Irmak – Zonguldak Railway Line: Architectural Structuring Between Karabük (İsmetpaşa) and Zonguldak

Gizem Kalay; Ayşen Esra Bölükbaşı Ertürk

Makale detayları

Irmak – Zonguldak Railway Line: Architectural Structuring Between Karabük (İsmetpaşa) and Zonguldak

Yazarlar:

Gizem Kalay | Ayşen Esra Bölükbaşı Ertürk

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Mimarlık Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 1, pp.169-203

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001299163

pISSN:

1300-5707

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the Early Republican Period, building a railway line is more than just an investment in transportation. One of the most important reasons supporting the ideological foundations of the newly established independent Republic of Turkey, such as not being dependent on the West, and being independent and national, has been the railways. For this reason, the railways remaining from the Ottoman Empire were purchased from foreigners in order to nationalize them, and in addition to these, new railways were built to meet the needs of the young republic. Before the Republic, 70 of the railways were in the east of Ankara  Konya direction; but with the newly built railways, the proportional distribution, 46 is in the west and 54 is in the east, which can be considered almost equal today, was obtained. The railway lines built in this period are also architecturally important because they contain railway structures, which are important examples of Early Republican Period architecture. Additionally, in this period, many different projects were designed by different foreign countries. Those projects were mainly classified as Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV. Those projects were used repeatedly all over the country. One of the railway lines built in the Early Republican Period and built with those classified projects is the Irmak - Filyos railway line, which is known as the Railway to Coal. The construction of the line started from Filyos in May 1927 and the 391-kilometer-long line began to be used in 1935. This railway line is important because it connects the hard coal in Zonguldak, transported only by sea before the railway, to Central Anatolia. Kardemir, Filyos Brick Factory, and ÇATES, which are coal-dependent industrial facilities, are also located on this railway line. Also Zonguldak - Karabük part of the railway is highly important for the city of Karabük. The railway station in Karabük enabled the establishment of the Kardemir Iron and Steel Factory, and the factory enabled Karabük to become a city by immigration. Within the scope of the study, the importance of the line for Karabük and Zonguldak provinces was discussed, 34 stop points within the borders of Karabük - Zonguldak province were examined and the existing station structures at these stops were determined. Among these structures, the station buildings of İsmetpaşa, Karabük, and Çatalağzı stations were built by the Swedish company Nydqvist - Holm, which got the contract for the construction of the Irmak - Filyos railway line. In addition to that, Filyos, Çaycuma, Gökçebey, Kayadibi, Balıkısık, and Eskipazar stations were built with Class IV. Also, it has been determined that Cildikısık, Yeşilyenice, Saltukova, and Işıkveren stations on the line were not built with those classified projects, they are unique. Reflecting the architectural approach of the Early Republican Period, these structures, which are parts of a whole, should be documented and added to the literature, and prevented from falling into an idle state due to the decrease in the frequency of the use of railway transportation.

 In the Early Republican Period, building a railway line is more than just an investment in transportation. One of the most important reasons supporting the ideological foundations of the newly established independent Republic of Turkey, such as not being dependent on the West, and being independent and national, has been the railways. For this reason, the railways remaining from the Ottoman Empire were purchased from foreigners in order to nationalize them, and in addition to these, new railways were built to meet the needs of the young republic. Before the Republic, 70 of the railways were in the east of Ankara  Konya direction; but with the newly built railways, the proportional distribution, 46 is in the west and 54 is in the east, which can be considered almost equal today, was obtained. The railway lines built in this period are also architecturally important because they contain railway structures, which are important examples of Early Republican Period architecture. Additionally, in this period, many different projects were designed by different foreign countries. Those projects were mainly classified as Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV. Those projects were used repeatedly all over the country. One of the railway lines built in the Early Republican Period and built with those classified projects is the Irmak - Filyos railway line, which is known as the Railway to Coal. The construction of the line started from Filyos in May 1927 and the 391-kilometer-long line began to be used in 1935. This railway line is important because it connects the hard coal in Zonguldak, transported only by sea before the railway, to Central Anatolia. Kardemir, Filyos Brick Factory, and ÇATES, which are coal-dependent industrial facilities, are also located on this railway line. Also Zonguldak - Karabük part of the railway is highly important for the city of Karabük. The railway station in Karabük enabled the establishment of the Kardemir Iron and Steel Factory, and the factory enabled Karabük to become a city by immigration. Within the scope of the study, the importance of the line for Karabük and Zonguldak provinces was discussed, 34 stop points within the borders of Karabük - Zonguldak province were examined and the existing station structures at these stops were determined. Among these structures, the station buildings of İsmetpaşa, Karabük, and Çatalağzı stations were built by the Swedish company Nydqvist - Holm, which got the contract for the construction of the Irmak - Filyos railway line. In addition to that, Filyos, Çaycuma, Gökçebey, Kayadibi, Balıkısık, and Eskipazar stations were built with Class IV. Also, it has been determined that Cildikısık, Yeşilyenice, Saltukova, and Işıkveren stations on the line were not built with those classified projects, they are unique. Reflecting the architectural approach of the Early Republican Period, these structures, which are parts of a whole, should be documented and added to the literature, and prevented from falling into an idle state due to the decrease in the frequency of the use of railway transportation.

 In the Early Republican Period, building a railway line is more than just an investment in transportation. One of the most important reasons supporting the ideological foundations of the newly established independent Republic of Turkey, such as not being dependent on the West, and being independent and national, has been the railways. For this reason, the railways remaining from the Ottoman Empire were purchased from foreigners in order to nationalize them, and in addition to these, new railways were built to meet the needs of the young republic. Before the Republic, 70 of the railways were in the east of Ankara  Konya direction; but with the newly built railways, the proportional distribution, 46 is in the west and 54 is in the east, which can be considered almost equal today, was obtained. The railway lines built in this period are also architecturally important because they contain railway structures, which are important examples of Early Republican Period architecture. Additionally, in this period, many different projects were designed by different foreign countries. Those projects were mainly classified as Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV. Those projects were used repeatedly all over the country. One of the railway lines built in the Early Republican Period and built with those classified projects is the Irmak - Filyos railway line, which is known as the Railway to Coal. The construction of the line started from Filyos in May 1927 and the 391-kilometer-long line began to be used in 1935. This railway line is important because it connects the hard coal in Zonguldak, transported only by sea before the railway, to Central Anatolia. Kardemir, Filyos Brick Factory, and ÇATES, which are coal-dependent industrial facilities, are also located on this railway line. Also Zonguldak - Karabük part of the railway is highly important for the city of Karabük. The railway station in Karabük enabled the establishment of the Kardemir Iron and Steel Factory, and the factory enabled Karabük to become a city by immigration. Within the scope of the study, the importance of the line for Karabük and Zonguldak provinces was discussed, 34 stop points within the borders of Karabük - Zonguldak province were examined and the existing station structures at these stops were determined. Among these structures, the station buildings of İsmetpaşa, Karabük, and Çatalağzı stations were built by the Swedish company Nydqvist - Holm, which got the contract for the construction of the Irmak - Filyos railway line. In addition to that, Filyos, Çaycuma, Gökçebey, Kayadibi, Balıkısık, and Eskipazar stations were built with Class IV. Also, it has been determined that Cildikısık, Yeşilyenice, Saltukova, and Işıkveren stations on the line were not built with those classified projects, they are unique. Reflecting the architectural approach of the Early Republican Period, these structures, which are parts of a whole, should be documented and added to the literature, and prevented from falling into an idle state due to the decrease in the frequency of the use of railway transportation.

 Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde demiryolu yapmak ulaşıma yapılmış bir yatırımdan fazlasını ifade etmektedir. Yeni kurulmuş bağımsız bir devlet olan Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin Batıya bağlı kalmamak, bağımsız ve milli olmak gibi düşünce temellerini destekleyen en önemli unsurlardan biri demiryolları olmuştur. Bu sebeple Osmanlı Devletinden kalan, çok büyük bir kısmı yabancı devletlere imtiyazlar verilerek inşa edilmiş demiryolları, ulusallaştırılmaları amacıyla yabancılardan satın alınmış ve bunlara ek olarak genç Cumhuriyetin ihtiyaçlarına cevap verecek yeni hatlar yapılmıştır. Bu dönemde inşa edilen demiryolu hatları ayrıca Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi mimarisinin önemli örnekleri olan demiryolu yapılarını bulundurmaları sebebiyle de önemlidir. Söz konusu hatların inşasında tip projelerin sıklıkla kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Bu projelerin kullanıldığı hatlardan biri de çalışma kapsamında ele alınan, Kömüre Giden Demiryolu olarak anılan, 1927 yılında yapımına başlanarak 1935 yılında kullanıma açılan 391 kilometre uzunluğundaki Irmak  Filyos demiryolu hattıdır. Çalışma kapsamında hattın Karabük ve Zonguldak illeri için öneminden bahsedilmiş, Karabük  Zonguldak il sınırları içinde kalan 34 adet durak noktası incelenmiş ve bu duraklarda var olan istasyon yapıları tespit edilmiştir. Bu yapılardan İsmetpaşa, Karabük ve Çatalağzı istasyonlarına ait istasyon binalarının Irmak  Filyos ve Fevzipaşa  Diyarbakır demiryolu hatlarının inşası ihalesini alan Nydqvist  Holm adlı İsveç şirketi tarafından hazırlanmış III. Sınıf proje ile, Filyos, Çaycuma, Gökçebey, Kayadibi, Balıkısık, Eskipazar istasyonlarının ise IV. Sınıf proje ile inşa edilmiş oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca hat üzerinde bulunan Cildikısık, Yeşilyenice, Saltukova ve Işıkveren istasyonlarının tip proje ile inşa edilmedikleri tespit edilmiştir. Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminin mimari yaklaşımını yansıtan, bir bütünün parçaları olan bu yapıların belgelenerek literatüre kazandırılmaları ve demiryolu ulaşımının kullanım sıklığının azalması sebebiyle atıl duruma düşmelerinin önlenmesi gerekmektedir.

Makale detayları

Irmak – Zonguldak Railway Line: Architectural Structuring Between Karabük (İsmetpaşa) and Zonguldak

Yazarlar:

Gizem Kalay | Ayşen Esra Bölükbaşı Ertürk

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Mimarlık Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 1, pp.169-203

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001299163

pISSN:

1300-5707

Industrial Revolution

Railways

Early Republican Period

Irmak – Filyos Railway

Railway StructuresSanayi Devrimi

Demiryolu

Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi

Irmak – Filyos Hattı

İstasyon Binası

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Gizem Kalay | Ayşen Esra Bölükbaşı Ertürk

Yayıncı: Ege University

Ana Başlıklar: Sanat Tarihi | Mimarlık Tarihi

Dergi: Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 1, pp.169-203

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2023

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001299163

pISSN: 1300-5707

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Gizem Kalay | Ayşen Esra Bölükbaşı Ertürk

Yayıncı:

Ege University

Ana Başlıklar:

Sanat Tarihi | Mimarlık Tarihi

Dergi:

Sanat Tarihi Dergisi Vol.32 Issue 1, pp.169-203

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2023

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001299163

pISSN:

1300-5707