A Comparative Analysis of the Challenges Faced by Foreign Experts Employed in the Medical Field in the Ottoman Empire and Japan during the 19th Century

Serdar Subay

Makale detayları

A Comparative Analysis of the Challenges Faced by Foreign Experts Employed in the Medical Field in the Ottoman Empire and Japan during the 19th Century

Yazarlar:

Serdar Subay

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ekonomi Politik Teorisi | Kurumsal İktisat Teorisi

Dergi:

Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.162-188

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358212

pISSN:

1300-3747

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire and Japan initiated modernization policies driven by a pressing need to access Western knowledge and technology. Among the core elements of these policies was the employment of foreign expertsa strategy widely adopted by various states throughout their own modernization processes. Both countries recruited foreign professionals in fields such as medicine, military affairs, law, education, and agriculture. These experts enjoyed privileged status and high salaries in their host countries. Nonetheless, they frequently voiced complaints about working conditions, the inadequate preparedness of students, and the lack of institutional development. This study examines the experiences and challenges encountered by foreign experts employed in the medical field in both Japan and the Ottoman Empire. The analysis draws upon the memoirs and observations of these experts to conduct a comparative evaluation. Furthermore, the study explores how each country addressed medical education related problems and evaluates the effectiveness of their solutions. Through this analysis, the research offers a comprehensive assessment of the positive and negative impacts of foreign expert employment on the broader modernization processes of the two nations.

 In the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire and Japan initiated modernization policies driven by a pressing need to access Western knowledge and technology. Among the core elements of these policies was the employment of foreign expertsa strategy widely adopted by various states throughout their own modernization processes. Both countries recruited foreign professionals in fields such as medicine, military affairs, law, education, and agriculture. These experts enjoyed privileged status and high salaries in their host countries. Nonetheless, they frequently voiced complaints about working conditions, the inadequate preparedness of students, and the lack of institutional development. This study examines the experiences and challenges encountered by foreign experts employed in the medical field in both Japan and the Ottoman Empire. The analysis draws upon the memoirs and observations of these experts to conduct a comparative evaluation. Furthermore, the study explores how each country addressed medical education related problems and evaluates the effectiveness of their solutions. Through this analysis, the research offers a comprehensive assessment of the positive and negative impacts of foreign expert employment on the broader modernization processes of the two nations.

 In the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire and Japan initiated modernization policies driven by a pressing need to access Western knowledge and technology. Among the core elements of these policies was the employment of foreign expertsa strategy widely adopted by various states throughout their own modernization processes. Both countries recruited foreign professionals in fields such as medicine, military affairs, law, education, and agriculture. These experts enjoyed privileged status and high salaries in their host countries. Nonetheless, they frequently voiced complaints about working conditions, the inadequate preparedness of students, and the lack of institutional development. This study examines the experiences and challenges encountered by foreign experts employed in the medical field in both Japan and the Ottoman Empire. The analysis draws upon the memoirs and observations of these experts to conduct a comparative evaluation. Furthermore, the study explores how each country addressed medical education related problems and evaluates the effectiveness of their solutions. Through this analysis, the research offers a comprehensive assessment of the positive and negative impacts of foreign expert employment on the broader modernization processes of the two nations.

 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti ve Japonya, Batının bilgi ve teknolojisine duydukları ihtiyaç doğrultusunda modernleşme politikalarını uygulamaya başlamışlardır. Bu politikaların başında yabancı uzman istihdamı olmuştur. Bu politika tarihin modernleşme süreçlerinde birçok devlet tarafından benimsenen bir yöntem olmuştur. Her iki ülke de benze şekilde tıp, askerlik, hukuk, eğitim ve ziraat gibi birçok alanda yabancı uzman istihdam edilmiştir. Bu uzmanlar, geldikleri ülkelerde ayrıcalıklı bir statüye sahip olmuşlar ve yüksek maaşlarla ödüllendirilmiştir. Buna rağmen, çalışma koşulları, öğrencilerin yeterlilik seviyesi ve modern kurumların henüz kurumsallaşmadan uzak olması gibi çeşitli sorunlardan kaynaklanan şikayetleri olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Japonya ve Osmanlı Devletinde tıp alanında istihdam edilen yabancı uzmanların deneyimleri ve karşılaştıkları zorluklar, ilgili uzmanların anıları ve gözlemleri temel alınarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, her iki ülkenin tıp alanındaki sorunlara yönelik geliştirdiği çözüm önerileri analiz edilmiştir. Böylece, yabancı uzman istihdamı politikasının modernleşme sürecine olan olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirme fırsatı yakalanmıştır.

Makale detayları

A Comparative Analysis of the Challenges Faced by Foreign Experts Employed in the Medical Field in the Ottoman Empire and Japan during the 19th Century

Yazarlar:

Serdar Subay

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ekonomi Politik Teorisi | Kurumsal İktisat Teorisi

Dergi:

Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.162-188

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358212

pISSN:

1300-3747

Foreign experts

Ottoman Empire

Japan

Meiji Restoration

knowledge and technology transferYabancı uzman

Osmanlı Devleti

Japonya

Meiji Restorasyonu

bilgi ve teknoloji transferi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Serdar Subay

Yayıncı: Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar: Ekonomi Politik Teorisi | Kurumsal İktisat Teorisi

Dergi: Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.162-188

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 9/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001358212

pISSN: 1300-3747

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Serdar Subay

Yayıncı:

Cukurova University

Ana Başlıklar:

Ekonomi Politik Teorisi | Kurumsal İktisat Teorisi

Dergi:

Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.162-188

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

9/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001358212

pISSN:

1300-3747