Mukāshafa (Disclosure) and Mushāhada (Observation) as Knowledge Methods in the Illumination Philosophy of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī (d. 587/1191)

Betül İzmirli

Makale detayları

Mukāshafa (Disclosure) and Mushāhada (Observation) as Knowledge Methods in the Illumination Philosophy of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī (d. 587/1191)

Yazarlar:

Betül İzmirli

Yayıncı:

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tasavvuf

Dergi:

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 58, pp.229-247

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352372

pISSN:

2587-1854

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 This study deals with the meanings that illuminative philosopher Shihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī attributes to the concepts of mukāshafa disclosure and mushāhade observation. These concepts are known both as Sūfī terms and as methods of acquiring knowledge in the Sūfī system. Suhrawardīs philosophy of illumination, as an intermediate path between Tasawwuf and philosophy, combined these two disciplines. Therefore, there are obvious phenomena in her life and views that he focused on the theoretical side of Tasawwuf and experienced its practical side. He stipulates that the person who is a candidate to attain maˊrifa gnosis must first acquire the wisdom based on nazar reasoning and definitive evidence. After this, the person should turn to hikmat al-ishrāq the wisdom of illumination, which consists of elements such as zawq pleasure, mushāhade and mukāshafa. It is a deficiency to aspire to the second stage without passing the first stage. However, what is essential for a person to know Allah and get closer to Him is to rise in practical hikmat wisdom based on pleasure zawq. In this respect, it is understood that Suhrawardī allocates a special place to the concepts of mukāshafa and mushāhada. The article consists of an introduction and three parts. In the introduction, Ishrāqiyya as a gnostic school is discussed. In the first part, Suhrawardīs spiritual personality and the sources of his philosophy have been mentioned. In the second part, the philosophers understanding of knowledge and method is discussed. In the last chapter, the concepts of mukāshafa and mushāhada as Sūfī knowledge methods according to Suhrawardī have been analyzed. Semantic method and concept analysis have been used to determine the equivalent of the two words in question in the philosopher of Ishrāq.

 This study deals with the meanings that illuminative philosopher Shihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī attributes to the concepts of mukāshafa disclosure and mushāhade observation. These concepts are known both as Sūfī terms and as methods of acquiring knowledge in the Sūfī system. Suhrawardīs philosophy of illumination, as an intermediate path between Tasawwuf and philosophy, combined these two disciplines. Therefore, there are obvious phenomena in her life and views that he focused on the theoretical side of Tasawwuf and experienced its practical side. He stipulates that the person who is a candidate to attain maˊrifa gnosis must first acquire the wisdom based on nazar reasoning and definitive evidence. After this, the person should turn to hikmat al-ishrāq the wisdom of illumination, which consists of elements such as zawq pleasure, mushāhade and mukāshafa. It is a deficiency to aspire to the second stage without passing the first stage. However, what is essential for a person to know Allah and get closer to Him is to rise in practical hikmat wisdom based on pleasure zawq. In this respect, it is understood that Suhrawardī allocates a special place to the concepts of mukāshafa and mushāhada. The article consists of an introduction and three parts. In the introduction, Ishrāqiyya as a gnostic school is discussed. In the first part, Suhrawardīs spiritual personality and the sources of his philosophy have been mentioned. In the second part, the philosophers understanding of knowledge and method is discussed. In the last chapter, the concepts of mukāshafa and mushāhada as Sūfī knowledge methods according to Suhrawardī have been analyzed. Semantic method and concept analysis have been used to determine the equivalent of the two words in question in the philosopher of Ishrāq.

 This study deals with the meanings that illuminative philosopher Shihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī attributes to the concepts of mukāshafa disclosure and mushāhade observation. These concepts are known both as Sūfī terms and as methods of acquiring knowledge in the Sūfī system. Suhrawardīs philosophy of illumination, as an intermediate path between Tasawwuf and philosophy, combined these two disciplines. Therefore, there are obvious phenomena in her life and views that he focused on the theoretical side of Tasawwuf and experienced its practical side. He stipulates that the person who is a candidate to attain maˊrifa gnosis must first acquire the wisdom based on nazar reasoning and definitive evidence. After this, the person should turn to hikmat al-ishrāq the wisdom of illumination, which consists of elements such as zawq pleasure, mushāhade and mukāshafa. It is a deficiency to aspire to the second stage without passing the first stage. However, what is essential for a person to know Allah and get closer to Him is to rise in practical hikmat wisdom based on pleasure zawq. In this respect, it is understood that Suhrawardī allocates a special place to the concepts of mukāshafa and mushāhada. The article consists of an introduction and three parts. In the introduction, Ishrāqiyya as a gnostic school is discussed. In the first part, Suhrawardīs spiritual personality and the sources of his philosophy have been mentioned. In the second part, the philosophers understanding of knowledge and method is discussed. In the last chapter, the concepts of mukāshafa and mushāhada as Sūfī knowledge methods according to Suhrawardī have been analyzed. Semantic method and concept analysis have been used to determine the equivalent of the two words in question in the philosopher of Ishrāq.

 Bu çalışma işrâkī filozof Şihâbüddîn es-Sühreverdînin, mükâşefe ve müşâhede kavramına yüklediği anlamları konu edinir. Bu kavramlar hem birer tasavvuf terimi hem de bilgiyi edinme metodu olarak bilinir. Sühreverdînin işrâk felsefesi tasavvuf ile felsefe arasında ara bir yol olarak bu iki disiplini telif ve mezcetmiştir. Dolayısıyla onun hayatında ve görüşlerinde tasavvufun teorik yönüne eğildiğine ve pratik yönünü de yaşadığına dair bariz görüngüler mevcuttur. Kendisi, mârifete ulaşmaya aday kişinin, öncelikle nazar ve kesin delile dayanan bahsî hikmeti tahsil ettikten sonra zevk, müşâhede ve mükâşefe gibi unsurlardan oluşan işrâk hikmetine yönelmesi gerektiği kanaatindedir. İlk aşamayı geçmeden ikinci aşamaya talip olmak eksikliktir. Ancak kişinin Allahı bilmesi ve ona yakınlaşması için esas olan, zevke dayalı amelî hikmette yükselmesidir. Bu bakımdan da Sühereverdînin mükâşefe ve müşâhede kavramlarına özel bir yer ayırdığı anlaşılmaktadır. Makale giriş ve üç bölümden müteşekkildir. Giriş bölümünde irfânî bir ekol olarak işrâkīlik ele alınmıştır. İlk bölümde Sühreverdînin mânevî kişiliğine ve felsefesinin kaynaklarına değinilmiştir. İkinci bölümde filozofun bilgi ve yöntem anlayışı işlenmiştir. Son bölümde ise Sühreverdîye göre tasavvufî bilgi yöntemi olarak mükâşefe ve müşâhede kavramları tahlil edilmiştir. Söz konusu iki kelimenin işrâk filozofundaki karşılığını tespit etmek için semantik yöntem ve kavram analizinden istifade edilmiştir.

Makale detayları

Mukāshafa (Disclosure) and Mushāhada (Observation) as Knowledge Methods in the Illumination Philosophy of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī (d. 587/1191)

Yazarlar:

Betül İzmirli

Yayıncı:

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tasavvuf

Dergi:

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 58, pp.229-247

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352372

pISSN:

2587-1854

Tasawwuf

Shihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī

Mukāshafa (Disclosure)

Mushāhada (Observation)

IshrāqTasavvuf

Şihâbüddîn es-Sühreverdî

Mükâşefe

Müşâhede

İşrâk

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Betül İzmirli

Yayıncı: Ondokuz Mayıs University

Ana Başlıklar: Tasavvuf

Dergi: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 58, pp.229-247

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001352372

pISSN: 2587-1854

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Betül İzmirli

Yayıncı:

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Ana Başlıklar:

Tasavvuf

Dergi:

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 58, pp.229-247

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352372

pISSN:

2587-1854