THE PRESENTATION OF THE BALKAN WARS BY AUSTRIAN POLITICAL HUMOR MAGAZINES

Mehmet Ozan Gülada

Makale detayları

THE PRESENTATION OF THE BALKAN WARS BY AUSTRIAN POLITICAL HUMOR MAGAZINES

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Ozan Gülada

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 29, pp.61-84

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339711

pISSN:

2146-4456

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The Balkan Wars, which started with Montenegros declaration of war against the Ottoman Empire on October 8, 1912, spread over a wide area as Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece took action against the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire, fighting alone against the four Balkan states, suffered heavy defeats one after another on the fronts. In the Balkan Wars that took place in the last years of the Ottoman Empire, the empire lost a significant part of its lands on the European continent. The Balkan Wars, which were closely followed by the world press, were the subject of many cartoons in political humor magazines in Europe. Austrian political humor magazines also gave extensive coverage to the war in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was struggling for influence in the Balkans. The examination of the cartoons in these magazines is important in terms of revealing how the public opinion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was sought to be shaped regarding the Balkan Wars through political humor magazines. The aim of the study was to determine how Austrian political humor magazines presented the Balkan Wars and what kind of messages they gave to their readers. For this purpose, cartoons about the Balkan Wars in Die Muskete, Kikeriki and Wiener Caricaturen, which were among the leading humor magazines in Austria during the Balkan Wars, were examined using Roland Barthes semiotic model. Through Barthes semiotic model, it was sought to reveal the open and secret messages intended to be given in the cartoons and the myths intended to be constructed. It was determined that the Ottoman Empire was portrayed as weak and helpless in the cartoons, while the focus was on the victory achieved by the Balkan States. However, in all three humor magazines, it was emphasized that Russia, the biggest rival of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the region, directed or supported the Balkan States during the Balkan Wars. The study concluded that humor magazines displayed a distant approach towards the Ottoman Empire and the Balkan States and sought to draw the attention of the readers to the potential influence of Russia on the Balkan States during the Balkan Wars.

 The Balkan Wars, which started with Montenegros declaration of war against the Ottoman Empire on October 8, 1912, spread over a wide area as Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece took action against the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire, fighting alone against the four Balkan states, suffered heavy defeats one after another on the fronts. In the Balkan Wars that took place in the last years of the Ottoman Empire, the empire lost a significant part of its lands on the European continent. The Balkan Wars, which were closely followed by the world press, were the subject of many cartoons in political humor magazines in Europe. Austrian political humor magazines also gave extensive coverage to the war in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was struggling for influence in the Balkans. The examination of the cartoons in these magazines is important in terms of revealing how the public opinion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was sought to be shaped regarding the Balkan Wars through political humor magazines. The aim of the study was to determine how Austrian political humor magazines presented the Balkan Wars and what kind of messages they gave to their readers. For this purpose, cartoons about the Balkan Wars in Die Muskete, Kikeriki and Wiener Caricaturen, which were among the leading humor magazines in Austria during the Balkan Wars, were examined using Roland Barthes semiotic model. Through Barthes semiotic model, it was sought to reveal the open and secret messages intended to be given in the cartoons and the myths intended to be constructed. It was determined that the Ottoman Empire was portrayed as weak and helpless in the cartoons, while the focus was on the victory achieved by the Balkan States. However, in all three humor magazines, it was emphasized that Russia, the biggest rival of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the region, directed or supported the Balkan States during the Balkan Wars. The study concluded that humor magazines displayed a distant approach towards the Ottoman Empire and the Balkan States and sought to draw the attention of the readers to the potential influence of Russia on the Balkan States during the Balkan Wars.

 The Balkan Wars, which started with Montenegros declaration of war against the Ottoman Empire on October 8, 1912, spread over a wide area as Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece took action against the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire, fighting alone against the four Balkan states, suffered heavy defeats one after another on the fronts. In the Balkan Wars that took place in the last years of the Ottoman Empire, the empire lost a significant part of its lands on the European continent. The Balkan Wars, which were closely followed by the world press, were the subject of many cartoons in political humor magazines in Europe. Austrian political humor magazines also gave extensive coverage to the war in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was struggling for influence in the Balkans. The examination of the cartoons in these magazines is important in terms of revealing how the public opinion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was sought to be shaped regarding the Balkan Wars through political humor magazines. The aim of the study was to determine how Austrian political humor magazines presented the Balkan Wars and what kind of messages they gave to their readers. For this purpose, cartoons about the Balkan Wars in Die Muskete, Kikeriki and Wiener Caricaturen, which were among the leading humor magazines in Austria during the Balkan Wars, were examined using Roland Barthes semiotic model. Through Barthes semiotic model, it was sought to reveal the open and secret messages intended to be given in the cartoons and the myths intended to be constructed. It was determined that the Ottoman Empire was portrayed as weak and helpless in the cartoons, while the focus was on the victory achieved by the Balkan States. However, in all three humor magazines, it was emphasized that Russia, the biggest rival of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the region, directed or supported the Balkan States during the Balkan Wars. The study concluded that humor magazines displayed a distant approach towards the Ottoman Empire and the Balkan States and sought to draw the attention of the readers to the potential influence of Russia on the Balkan States during the Balkan Wars.

 8 Ekim 1912 tarihinde Karadağın Osmanlı İmparatorluğuna savaş ilanıyla başlayan Balkan Savaşları, Sırbistan, Bulgaristan ve Yunanistanın da Osmanlı İmparatorluğuna karşı harekete geçmesiyle geniş bir alana yayılmıştır. Dört Balkan devletine karşı tek başına savaşan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, cephelerde peş peşe ağır yenilgiler almıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun son yıllarında meydana gelen Balkan Savaşlarında imparatorluk, Avrupa kıtasındaki topraklarının önemli bir bölümünü kaybetmiştir. Dünya basının yakından takip ettiği Balkan Savaşları, Avrupadaki siyasi mizah dergilerinin pek çok karikatürüne konu edilmiştir. Balkanlarda etkinlik mücadelesi içerisine giren Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğunda da Avusturya siyasi mizah dergileri, savaşa geniş yer vermiştir. Bu dergilerde yer alan karikatürlerin incelenmesi, siyasi mizah dergileri üzerinden Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu kamuoyunun Balkan Savaşlarına ilişkin ne yönde şekillendirilmeye çalışıldığının ortaya konulması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmada Avusturya siyasi mizah dergilerinin Balkan Savaşlarını ne şekilde sunduğu ve okuyucularına ne tür mesajlar verdiğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Balkan Savaşları sırasında Avusturyanın önde gelen mizah dergileri içerisinde yer alan Die Muskete, Kikeriki ve Wiener Caricaturen mizah dergilerinin Balkan Savaşlarını konu alan karikatürleri, Roland Barthesın göstergebilim modeli kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Barthesın göstergebilim modeli üzerinden karikatürlerde verilmek istenen açık ve gizli mesajlar ile inşa edilmek istenen mitlerin ortaya konulmasına çalışılmıştır. Karikatürlerde Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun zayıf ve çaresiz resmedilirken Balkan devletlerinin ise elde ettiği zafere odaklanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte her üç mizah dergisinde Balkan Savaşlarında Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğunun bölgedeki en büyük rakibi Rusyanın Balkan devletlerini yönlendirdiği ya da desteklediği üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada mizah dergilerinde Balkan Savaşlarında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Balkan Devletlerine mesafeli bir yaklaşım sergilendiği ve Rusyanın Balkan devletleri üzerindeki potansiyel nüfuzuna yönelik okurların dikkatinin çekilmesine çalışıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Makale detayları

THE PRESENTATION OF THE BALKAN WARS BY AUSTRIAN POLITICAL HUMOR MAGAZINES

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Ozan Gülada

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 29, pp.61-84

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339711

pISSN:

2146-4456

Balkan Wars

Humor

Media

Austria

Ottoman EmpireBalkan Savaşları

Mizah

Medya

Avusturya

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Mehmet Ozan Gülada

Yayıncı: Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi: Belgi Dergisi Issue 29, pp.61-84

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001339711

pISSN: 2146-4456

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Mehmet Ozan Gülada

Yayıncı:

Pamukkale University

Ana Başlıklar:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Dergi:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 29, pp.61-84

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001339711

pISSN:

2146-4456