THE METAPHYSICAL ORIGIN OF EARTHLIFE ACCORDING TO THE IKHWANU-S SAFÂ: THE FALL OF THE INDIVIDUAL SOUL AND THE FIRST SIN

Büşra Bilgin

Makale detayları

THE METAPHYSICAL ORIGIN OF EARTHLIFE ACCORDING TO THE IKHWANU-S SAFÂ: THE FALL OF THE INDIVIDUAL SOUL AND THE FIRST SIN

Yazarlar:

Büşra Bilgin

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Felsefesi

Dergi:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.720-735

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341655

pISSN:

1308-0911

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 The period in which the thoughts of the İkhwan al-Safa were formed is a period in which issues regarding the mixing of false ideas into religious beliefs in Islamic belief were discussed intensively. For this reason, they turned to philosophy to purify religious beliefs from superstitions. Unlike his predecessors and contemporaries, the attempt to establish a consensus between the first sin that caused the formation and fall of individual souls and the theory of sudation in the philosophical literature, which follows this method in many respects, has an original perspective. This study aims to make a new contribution to the philosophical tradition based on the philosophy-religion reconciliation by addressing this original aspect of the Ikhwanu-s Safâ. This research, based on the Treatises of the İkhwan al-Safa, is enriched with the comments of commentators on this subject and the expressions in the holy books. As a result, the creation and descent of individual souls to the earth were explained by rationalizing them on a common ground with both philosophical and religious arguments. With this result, the study suggests an intellectual and religious path of maturation for the person to purify himself from the sin of the crime he is responsible for and to regain his belonging to the world through the purification of his soul. According to this suggestion, if a person gets rid of his bodily desires and raises his soul to the level of reason, he remembers his essential existence and can achieve eternal salvation through repentance, moral actions and worship.

 The period in which the thoughts of the İkhwan al-Safa were formed is a period in which issues regarding the mixing of false ideas into religious beliefs in Islamic belief were discussed intensively. For this reason, they turned to philosophy to purify religious beliefs from superstitions. Unlike his predecessors and contemporaries, the attempt to establish a consensus between the first sin that caused the formation and fall of individual souls and the theory of sudation in the philosophical literature, which follows this method in many respects, has an original perspective. This study aims to make a new contribution to the philosophical tradition based on the philosophy-religion reconciliation by addressing this original aspect of the Ikhwanu-s Safâ. This research, based on the Treatises of the İkhwan al-Safa, is enriched with the comments of commentators on this subject and the expressions in the holy books. As a result, the creation and descent of individual souls to the earth were explained by rationalizing them on a common ground with both philosophical and religious arguments. With this result, the study suggests an intellectual and religious path of maturation for the person to purify himself from the sin of the crime he is responsible for and to regain his belonging to the world through the purification of his soul. According to this suggestion, if a person gets rid of his bodily desires and raises his soul to the level of reason, he remembers his essential existence and can achieve eternal salvation through repentance, moral actions and worship.

 The period in which the thoughts of the İkhwan al-Safa were formed is a period in which issues regarding the mixing of false ideas into religious beliefs in Islamic belief were discussed intensively. For this reason, they turned to philosophy to purify religious beliefs from superstitions. Unlike his predecessors and contemporaries, the attempt to establish a consensus between the first sin that caused the formation and fall of individual souls and the theory of sudation in the philosophical literature, which follows this method in many respects, has an original perspective. This study aims to make a new contribution to the philosophical tradition based on the philosophy-religion reconciliation by addressing this original aspect of the Ikhwanu-s Safâ. This research, based on the Treatises of the İkhwan al-Safa, is enriched with the comments of commentators on this subject and the expressions in the holy books. As a result, the creation and descent of individual souls to the earth were explained by rationalizing them on a common ground with both philosophical and religious arguments. With this result, the study suggests an intellectual and religious path of maturation for the person to purify himself from the sin of the crime he is responsible for and to regain his belonging to the world through the purification of his soul. According to this suggestion, if a person gets rid of his bodily desires and raises his soul to the level of reason, he remembers his essential existence and can achieve eternal salvation through repentance, moral actions and worship.

 İhvân-ı Safânın düşüncelerinin oluştuğu dönem, İslâm itikadında dinî akidelere bâtıl fikirlerin karıştığına dair meselelerin yoğun olarak tartışıldığı bir dönemdir. Bu nedenle onlar, dinî akideleri bâtıl inançlardan temizlemek için felsefeye başvurmuşlardır. Birçok hususta bu yöntemi izleyen İhvân-ı Safânın ferdî ruhların teşekkülü ve yeryüzüne düşüşüne sebep olan ilk günahla, felsefî literatürdeki sudûr nazariyesi arasında bir uzlaşı kurma denemesi seleflerinden ve çağdaşlarından farklı olarak özgün bir bakışa sahiptir. Bu çalışma, İhvân-ı Safânın bu özgün yönünü ele alarak felsefe-din uzlaşısını sağlamak isteyen İslâm felsefe geleneğine yeni bir katkı yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. İhvân-ı Safânın Risalelerini temele alan bu araştırma, bu konudaki yorumcular ve kutsal kitaplardaki ifadelerle zenginleştirilmiştir. Sonuçta, bireysel ruhların yaratılışı ve yeryüzüne inişi, hem felsefî hem de dinî argümanlarla ortak bir zeminde aklîleştirilerek açıklanmıştır. Çalışma, ulaştığı bu sonuç ile insana sorumlusu olduğu suçun günahından arınması ve nefsini tasfiye etme yoluyla, özünün ait olduğu âleme yeniden kavuşması için entelektüel ve dinî bir olgunlaşma yolu önermektedir. Bu öneriye göre, kişi bedensel isteklerinden kurtulup nefsini olgunlaştırarak onu akıl seviyesine yükseltebilirse aslî varlığını hatırlar ve tövbe, ahlâki eylemler ile ibadetlerle birlikte ebedî kurtuluşa erebilir.

Makale detayları

THE METAPHYSICAL ORIGIN OF EARTHLIFE ACCORDING TO THE IKHWANU-S SAFÂ: THE FALL OF THE INDIVIDUAL SOUL AND THE FIRST SIN

Yazarlar:

Büşra Bilgin

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Felsefesi

Dergi:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.720-735

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341655

pISSN:

1308-0911

Islamic Philosophy

İkhwan al-Safa

Creation

Fall of Souls

First Sinİslam Felsefesi

İhvan-ı Safâ

Yaratma

Ruhların Düşüşü

İlk Günah

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Büşra Bilgin

Yayıncı: Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar: İslam Felsefesi

Dergi: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.720-735

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 6/2025

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001341655

pISSN: 1308-0911

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Büşra Bilgin

Yayıncı:

Dokuz Eylul University

Ana Başlıklar:

İslam Felsefesi

Dergi:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 2, pp.720-735

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

6/2025

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001341655

pISSN:

1308-0911