Termination of the Affreightment Contract for Reasons Preventing the Commencement or Continuation of Voyage

Fevzi Fırat Gözüyeşil

Makale detayları

Termination of the Affreightment Contract for Reasons Preventing the Commencement or Continuation of Voyage

Yazarlar:

Fevzi Fırat Gözüyeşil

Yayıncı:

Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk (Diğer)

Dergi:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.515-542

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324240

pISSN:

2687-394X

Anahtar kelimeler:

Özet:

 In the contract theory and practice, it is expected that a contract will be terminated and settled by performance. In some cases, however, it is not possible or not expected from parties to be bound by the contract. These circumstances, which are defined as good causes, are also apply to affreightment contracts. Articles 1218 to 1227 of the Turkish Commercial Code regulate the good causes that can lead to the termination of the affreightment contracts. The most important of these reasons is seizure of the vessel and the prohibition of trading, by order of a public authority; the risk of seizure and confiscation of the vessel due to a state of war is also mentioned in the Code. It also states that delays caused by a natural event or unforeseen circumstances shall be considered as grounds for termination if they result in the loss of the specific purpose of the contract. This article is devoted to the examination of these good causes and of the circumstances that are not considered as grounds for termination in the same section, as well as to the procedures, principles and consequences of the application of the provisions of this section. In view of the fact that the provisions of this section are not mandatory, it is noted that in practice standard contracts are used in the overwhelming majority of cases. These standard contracts also include standard clauses on good cause and regulate their legal effects. In this article, the freedom of contract is emphasized by giving examples also from these clauses when the occasion arises.

 In the contract theory and practice, it is expected that a contract will be terminated and settled by performance. In some cases, however, it is not possible or not expected from parties to be bound by the contract. These circumstances, which are defined as good causes, are also apply to affreightment contracts. Articles 1218 to 1227 of the Turkish Commercial Code regulate the good causes that can lead to the termination of the affreightment contracts. The most important of these reasons is seizure of the vessel and the prohibition of trading, by order of a public authority; the risk of seizure and confiscation of the vessel due to a state of war is also mentioned in the Code. It also states that delays caused by a natural event or unforeseen circumstances shall be considered as grounds for termination if they result in the loss of the specific purpose of the contract. This article is devoted to the examination of these good causes and of the circumstances that are not considered as grounds for termination in the same section, as well as to the procedures, principles and consequences of the application of the provisions of this section. In view of the fact that the provisions of this section are not mandatory, it is noted that in practice standard contracts are used in the overwhelming majority of cases. These standard contracts also include standard clauses on good cause and regulate their legal effects. In this article, the freedom of contract is emphasized by giving examples also from these clauses when the occasion arises.

 In the contract theory and practice, it is expected that a contract will be terminated and settled by performance. In some cases, however, it is not possible or not expected from parties to be bound by the contract. These circumstances, which are defined as good causes, are also apply to affreightment contracts. Articles 1218 to 1227 of the Turkish Commercial Code regulate the good causes that can lead to the termination of the affreightment contracts. The most important of these reasons is seizure of the vessel and the prohibition of trading, by order of a public authority; the risk of seizure and confiscation of the vessel due to a state of war is also mentioned in the Code. It also states that delays caused by a natural event or unforeseen circumstances shall be considered as grounds for termination if they result in the loss of the specific purpose of the contract. This article is devoted to the examination of these good causes and of the circumstances that are not considered as grounds for termination in the same section, as well as to the procedures, principles and consequences of the application of the provisions of this section. In view of the fact that the provisions of this section are not mandatory, it is noted that in practice standard contracts are used in the overwhelming majority of cases. These standard contracts also include standard clauses on good cause and regulate their legal effects. In this article, the freedom of contract is emphasized by giving examples also from these clauses when the occasion arises.

 Sözleşme nazariyesi ve tatbikatında, bir sözleşmenin ifa ile sona ermesi ve tasfiyesi beklenir. Bununla birlikte bazı hâllerde, tarafların sözleşme ile bağlı kalmaları mümkün olmaz veya kendilerinden beklenemez. Haklı sebepler olarak tavsif edilen bu hâller, bittabî navlun sözleşmeleri bakımından da cârîdir. Türk Ticaret Kanununun 1218 ilâ 1227nci maddelerinde, navlun sözleşmesinin feshine sebep olabilecek haklı sebepler düzenlenmiştir. Bu sebeplerin başında bir kamu tasarrufuna bağlı olarak gemiye el konulması ve ticaretin yasaklanması gelir; bundan başka savaş hâline bağlı olarak geminin zapt ve müsadere edilmesi de Kanunda zikredilmiştir. Hakeza tabiî bir olay veya umulmayan hâllerden kaynaklanan gecikmelerin ise, sözleşmenin belli amacının kaybolmasına sebep olması hâlinde bir fesih sebebi sayılacağı ifade edilmiştir. Bu makale, iş bu haklı sebepler ve yine aynı bapta fesih sebebi olmayacağı öngörülmüş hâller ile bu baptaki hükümlerin tatbikine dair usul, esas ve neticelerin incelenmesine hasredilmiştir. Mamafih inceleme konusu olan bu baptaki hükümlerin, TTK m. 1243 ilâ 1245 hükümleri kapsamında emredici mahiyette olmadığı dikkate alındığında, tatbikatta kahir ekseriyette standart sözleşmelerin kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Hâkezâ bu standart sözleşmelere, haklı sebeplere dair standart klozlar da dercedilerek bunların hukukî neticeleri kararlaştırılabilmektedir. Bu makalede de yeri geldiğince, bu klozlardan da örnekler verilerek sözleşme serbestîsine dikkat çekilmiştir.

Makale detayları

Termination of the Affreightment Contract for Reasons Preventing the Commencement or Continuation of Voyage

Yazarlar:

Fevzi Fırat Gözüyeşil

Yayıncı:

Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk (Diğer)

Dergi:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.515-542

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324240

pISSN:

2687-394X

Affreightment Contract

Good Causes

Termination

Embargo

Prohibition of Trade

War RiskNavlun Sözleşmesi

Haklı Sebepler

Fesih

Ambargo

Ticaret Yasağı

Savaş Tehlikesi

Sayı

Makale detayları

Yazarlar: Fevzi Fırat Gözüyeşil

Yayıncı: Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar: Hukuk (Diğer)

Dergi: Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.515-542

Belge Tipi: Makale

Yayın Tarihi: 1/2024

Belge Dili: Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.): 2001324240

pISSN: 2687-394X

Sayı

Yazarlar:

Fevzi Fırat Gözüyeşil

Yayıncı:

Anadolu University

Ana Başlıklar:

Hukuk (Diğer)

Dergi:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.10 Issue 2, pp.515-542

Belge Tipi:

Makale

Yayın Tarihi:

1/2024

Belge Dili:

Türkçe

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324240

pISSN:

2687-394X